Linux on the Sun JavaStation NC HOWTO

Linux on the Sun JavaStation NC HOWTO

Robert S. Dubinski

2000-Jun-16

This is a HOWTO document describing how to enable the GNU/Linux OS on
the Sun JavaStation NC.
_________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents
1. [1]META Information

1.1. [2]The Purpose of this Document
1.2. [3]Acknowledgments
1.3. [4]Document Contributors
1.4. [5]History of this document
1.5. [6]Document Copyright and Licenses
1.6. [7]Location of the Latest Version and Source

2. [8]What is a JavaStation?

2.1. [9]What is a JavaStation NC?
2.2. [10]Definition of an NC including the Differentiation from
PC's

2.3. [11]Description of the JavaStation Model Line including
Hardware Specs

2.4. [12]Reasons for Running Linux and NC Myths Dispelled
2.5. [13]Why JavaStations are No Longer Produced
2.6. [14]Where to Purchase a JavaStation

3. [15]Background Requirements for Linux on a JavaStation

3.1. [16]Complete Hardware Requirements
3.2. [17]Network Service Requirements
3.3. [18]Understand the JavaStation Boot Sequence
3.4. [19]Additional Software Requirements: Replacement Firmware
(PROLL)

3.5. [20]Decide on your Filesystem: NFS-Root, or Embedded?
3.6. [21]Support Sites to Check Out: Metabyte

4. [22]Build Your Kernel

4.1. [23]Before you begin
4.2. [24]Make sure you use 32-bit mode
4.3. [25]Supported Linux Kernel Versions
4.4. [26]Required Kernel Configuration Options
4.5. [27]Necessary Patch for "Embedded-Root" FS Configurations
4.6. [28]Build the JavaStation-Ready Kernel
4.7. [29]JavaStation-Ready Kernel Images, System.map and
".config" File Samples

5. [30]Build A JavaStation-Ready FileSystem

5.1. [31]Preparing Yourself to Build Your Own Filesystem
5.2. [32]Contents of the "/etc/fstab" File
5.3. [33]The "Embedded-Root" Image Creation Procedure
5.4. [34]Sample FileSystems

6. [35]Set up Your Server

6.1. [36]Preface
6.2. [37]Setting up the RARP service
6.3. [38]Setting up the DHCP service
6.4. [39]Set up NFS service ("NFS-Root Options" Only)
6.5. [40]Setting up for Boot with TFTP
6.6. [41]The Last Configuration Step
6.7. [42]What to See When Booting Linux

7. [43]Troubleshooting

7.1. [44]When booting, the message "The file just loaded does not
appear to be executable." Why?

7.2. [45]When booting, the message "no a.out magic" appears and
halts the boot. Why?

7.3. [46]I tried booting a Krups but JavaOS comes up. I don't
even have JavaOS!

7.4. [47]Cannot Boot an "Embedded-Root" image > 10 MB on my
JavaStation. Why?

7.5. [48]After Booting, Typing Anything Yields Garbage
Characters. Why?

7.6. [49]In X Sessions to a Solaris server, the font server "xfs"
crashes. Why?

7.7. [50]Performing Indirect XDMCP to a Solaris Server Results in
Session Login Failures. Why?

7.8. [51]TFTPd config doesn't work on SUSE. Why?

8. [52]Answers to Miscellaneous Questions

8.1. [53]Regarding RARP: Is it Needed or Not?
8.2. [54]Can One Use the Smart Card Reader on the Espresso
models?

8.3. [55]Can One Use the Solaris DHCP server instead of ISC?
8.4. [56]Can One Pass Arguments to "/sbin/init" in a Diskless
Boot like This?

8.5. [57]Enabling X on the JavaStation
8.6. [58]Is There Mailing List Help?
8.7. [59]Can One Boot a JavaStation from Onboard Flash Memory?

9. [60]Unanswered Questions

9.1. [61]Does "Piggyback" work for the x86 too?
9.2. [62]Where Can One Find Espressos for Sale?
9.3. [63]Do Tools Exist to Configure Net Boot Entries Quickly?
9.4. [64]What can one use the Krups Flash memory for?

10. [65]Appendix

10.1. [66]Mr. Coffee Jumper Info
10.2. [67]Krups Jumper Info
10.3. [68]JavaStation Photo Gallery

1. META Information

This section lists the meta-information of this document. The hows,
whys, location and changes to the structure of the document are
documented here. The main content begins in the next chapter.
_________________________________________________________________

1.1. The Purpose of this Document

This document is to serve as a comprehensive HOWTO and FAQ collection
regarding the Sun JavaStation NC and enabling the GNU/Linux OS on it.

The intended audience of this document is anyone who has an interest
in enabling Linux on the Sun JavaStations. The document structure is
laid out to serve as either a top-to-bottom read for a newcomer, or as
quick reference on a single topic for advanced users. Pointers to
sample files submitted by users are included for extremely hurried
readers.

The author of this document is Robert Dubinski
<[69][email protected]>, Computer Technician and UNIX systems
administrator for [70]Marquette University's [71]Math, Statistics and
Computer Science Department. In the MU MSCS department, 125
JavaStations are currently running Linux, configured using the
information, techniques and files presented in this document.

In early 1999, Eric Brower <[72][email protected]> wrote the first
informal HOWTO for the JavaStation. Parts of this document are
inspired by his work, and all unique information presented there have
since been merged into this document.

This HOWTO also aims to serve as a member document of the Linux
Documentation Project. The LDP can be reached at:
[73]http://www.linuxdoc.org
_________________________________________________________________

1.2. Acknowledgments

Enabling Linux on the JavaStations, and allowing this HOWTO to come to
be would never have been possible without the fine work of the
following people:

* Pete Zaitcev <[74][email protected]> (JavaStation kernel mod
author)
* Eric Brower <[75][email protected]> (XFree mods and author of the
original embedded-build HOWTO)
* Varol Kaptan <[76][email protected]> (made available his Krups
images and patches. Backported kernel support to 2.2.x series)
* David Miller <[77][email protected]> (the original Linux/SPARC
kernel porter)
* The Linux/SPARC kernel porters and mailing list
* The thousands of contributors to the Linux kernel

The HOWTO author wishes to give a second thank-you to Pete and Eric
for their work:

Pete got me going with Linux on the JavaStation in December 1998, has
been the main kernel programmer adding in support for the JavaStation
line, and despite his busy work schedule was nice enough to find time
to answer all my email queries for help over the last 15 months.

Eric worked on bringing X support to the JavaStation when it had none.
He had been working on a dedicated server for the JavaStation in early
1999, and kept me informed of his progress. In mid-1999, he switched
tactics and sent a working framebuffer example to test out. He also
wrote the first comprehensive mini-HOWTO for the JavaStations,
answered my email questions, and got me interested in the embedded
solution which I employ here at Marquette.

Thank-you Pete and Eric!

--Robert Dubinski
_________________________________________________________________

1.3. Document Contributors

The following people have contributed to this specific document:

* Pete Zaitcev <[78][email protected]> (Proofreading and factual
corrections of initial drafts)
* Eric Brower <[79][email protected]> (Proofreading and factual
corrections of initial drafts)
* Magdalena Wodzinska <[80][email protected]>
(Proofreading and document layout suggestions)
* Richard Tomlinson <[81][email protected]> (Document
reader, Krups tester, feedback)
* Michael R. Eckhoff <[82][email protected]> (feedback on sample
kernel)

If you contributed a tidbit of info and are not listed, please email
the document author to get yourself listed.
_________________________________________________________________

1.4. History of this document

Revision History
Revision 1.05 16 Jun 2000
Requested Format Changes and Fixes
Revision 1.04 13 Jun 2000
Suggested Fixes and Added Requests
Revision 1.03 04 May 2000
Minor Fixes, Requests
Revision 1.02 28 Apr 2000
Small fixes.
Revision 1.01 25 Apr 2000
"Brown Paper Bag" Revision.
Revision 1.0 24 Apr 2000
First submission to the LDP.
Revision 0.9 18 Apr 2000
Continued reorganization and final merges.
Revision 0.7 15 Apr 2000
Migration from LinuxDoc DTD to Docbook DTD.
Revision 0.71 14 Apr 2000
Received word doc was forwarded inside Sun.
Revision 0.7 14 Apr 2000
Linked on Metabyte Website.
Revision 0.6 9 Apr 2000
First semi-public release.
Revision 0.4 24 Mar 2000
First move to comprehensive HOWTO.
Revision 0.2 15 Oct 1999
More notes collected and merged.
Revision 0.1 24 Jun 1999
Initial scraps put together.
_________________________________________________________________

1.5. Document Copyright and Licenses

This particular document and its source as a whole is Copyright
1999-2000, Robert Dubinski <[83][email protected]>. You may mirror
or redistribute this document as a whole or in part for either public
or commercial purposes provided the following: 1) you do not make any
modifications to this work , 2) retain this license information and
author copyright section, even when redistributing just a part of this
document, and 3) include acknowledgement of where this document as a
whole may be obtained . This ensures that any comments written by the
document author do not get taken out of context or modified
incorrectly, acknowledges the work of the author, allows for inclusion
in commercial projects, and points readers to where they may find
potentially updated versions of the information presented.

The document author makes no warranties that all the information
presented here is completely accurate, and cannot be held liable to
any loss you experience as a result of the information you use from
here.

Best efforts have been made to ensure everything included is accurate
as of the publication date listed at the beginning of this document,
but there is always a possibility something may be wrong. In this
case, doublecheck with alternative sources first before considering
implementing anything at a production-level. If you find something
wrong, drop the author a line at <[84][email protected]> or send me
a patch to the document source, and corrections will be made
immediately.

In the future, this document may be re-released under the Open Content
or other Free Document license, but for now all Open Documentation
licenses are currently being investigated by the author. If you have
comments into this legal matter, drop the author a line at
<[85][email protected]>. As it stands, the license presented above
captures the spirit of the LDP boilerplate license without
specifically mentioning it.

This document is a member document of the [86]Linux Documentation
Project.
_________________________________________________________________

1.6. Location of the Latest Version and Source

The latest online version of this document can be found at:
[87]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS .

The pre-processed SGML source to this document, written to the Docbook
DTD, is available from:
[88]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/JavaStation-HOWTO.s
gml

Copies of this document are also available from the Linux
Documentation Project at:
[89]http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/JavaStation-HOWTO.
_________________________________________________________________

2. What is a JavaStation?

This chapter explains to the reader what the JavaStation line is, its
components, NC concepts, how to get one, and why one would choose the
Linux OS for it.
_________________________________________________________________

2.1. What is a JavaStation NC?

The JavaStation NC is a model line of network computers built and sold
by [90]Sun Microsystems between November 1996 and March 2000. The
JavaStation line was Sun's low-cost terminal option during that
timeframe.

The JavaStation hardware ran Sun's own JavaOS and either Sun's Hotjava
web browser, Sun's HotJava Views task-manager software, or custom Java
applications of the customer's choice.

The JavaStation was originally billed in November 1996 sneak previews
as a low-cost desktop terminal, providing customers access to hot new
Java applications, "legacy" X applications, and "legacy" MS Windows
apps. During its lifetime, The JavaStation's marketed functionality
was changed twice from "desktop terminal" to "single-app desktop
device" to finally a "browser-based kiosk device".

At no time did Sun market the JavaStation as capable of running its
flagship [91]Solaris operating system or the [92]Linux OS.
_________________________________________________________________

2.2. Definition of an NC including the Differentiation from PC's

A network computer, or NC, was hailed as "the next big thing" in
computing from late 1995 to early 1998. Conventional PC's, called "fat
clients", were expected to be minimized in businesses by thin-client
NC's.

Thin-clients get their OS, applications, and data files entirely
through the network. They are different from dumb-terminals; they run
full-scale graphical applications. Thin-clients are also different
than graphical X-terminals. X-terminals typically run an X server and
display the client programs of a remote server. Thin clients generally
run full-scale graphical programs locally, such as a web browser, a
Java application, or a "legacy-connectivity program", which enables
the thin-client to display X apps or MS Windows apps which run on more
powerful servers.

Advantages of NC's include:

* "Zero-Administration". (Add a new NC and it will get everything it
needs off the network, without an admin ever needing to visit it.)
* Lower Total-Cost-of-Ownership (TCO) (No internal hard drives,
floppy drives or CD players reduces form-factor, repair expenses,
selling price and thus total-cost-of-ownership.)
* Access to all web-based apps as well as "legacy" X and MS Windows
apps.
* Quick upgrades (just upgrade your server and the changes propogate
throughout)
* Longer lifespan (just upgrade the software, growing hard disk and
memory requirements is not an issue)
* Smaller OS footprint (when running brower-based apps)

Disadvantages of NC's:

* No local access to data files (all your files stored on a remote
server)
* Requires fast, stable networks
_________________________________________________________________

2.3. Description of the JavaStation Model Line including Hardware Specs

Depending on who you talk to, the number of JavaStation models that
were created is anywhere from one to six. The descriptions below will
explain why.
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.1. JavaStation-1 [ "Mr. Coffee"] ["the brick"] [Sun Option No. JJ-xx]

This model is the most prevalent JavaStation model you are likely to
find, although it wasn't the one and only JavaStation model Sun wished
to sell to the public. The JavaStation-1 was the first generation
JavaStation, released in November 1996 to pilot deployments as Sun's
"proof of concept" of the Java NC design.

Hardware-wise, the JavaStation-1 is a Sun4M architecture machine. It
is based on the SPARCStation-4 design, with some deletions and PC-like
modifications. It is powered by a 110 Mhz MicroSPARC IIe CPU and has
no SCSI, internal disks, floppy, CD or expansion slots. The Mr. Coffee
motherboard is Sun Part No. 501-3141.

Instead of using the Sun-type keyboard and mice, JavaStation-1 uses
PC-like PS2 parts instead. One of the original marketing highlights of
the JavaStation was that it would use standard PC parts wherever
possible to keep overall price down.

The "brick" has four PC-like SIMM slots. The SIMMs taken are
industry-standard 60ns, 32-bit, 72-pin, 5V fast page SIMMs, installed
in pairs. Each slot is capable of holding up to a 16MB SIMM, bringing
the maximum total capacity of the unit to 64MB. The "xx" in the Sun
Option# of the unit indicated how much memory the unit shipped with.

For video display, the JavaStation-1 utilizes the Sun TCX framebuffer,
capable of 1024x768@70Hz in 8-bit color. The port connector however,
is a standard VGA jack, enabling the user to use standard PC monitors
if desired (again, low cost in mind). The on-board audio is a Crystal
CS4231 chip, and the network interface is the Sun Lance 10Mbps
interface. In addition, the "brick" also came with a 9-pin serial port
and 1/8" audio out jack on its back.

The JavaStation-1 was fitted into the Sun "unidisk" form factor case,
and has been seen in a number of color schemes. JavaStations have been
fitted with casings in the white with light blue trim scheme used in
Sun workstations, as well as the dark blue-grey "new desktop" scheme.
Some say "JavaStation" and have the Java coffee cup logo written on
it, others do not. Collectors may wish to collect all case variations.

The JavaStation-1 was used in early Sun demos, and sold to pilot
sites. When first brought out, the cost to pilot sites was $699US.
This was at a time when PC's were still higher than $1000US. By the
end of the pilot run, Sun was selling any remaining or used units for
$299-$399US, in anticipation for its "real" JavaStation model.

See the JavaStation-1 at:
[93]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front_vie
w.jpg
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.2. JavaStation-NC ["JavaStation-10"] ["Krups"] ["the tower"] ["the
percolator"] [ Sun Option No. JK-xx]

This model is the second most prevalent JavaStation model you are
likely to find. When you talk to industry folks about the
"JavaStation", this is typically the model remembered first. Delayed
numerous times, the Krups model officially went on sale to the general
public Mar. 26, 1998 at the annual JavaOne conference.

Though generation two of the JavaStation line, the Krups model was the
JavaStation . Sporting a completely different board design than
JavaStation-1, Krups establishes what was to be the characteristic
JavaStation architecture.

Krups is powered by a 100Mhz MicroSPARC IIep chip, (note the 'p'). Its
mainboard had the internal addition of a PCI bus, about a year before
this standard bus made its well-publicized appearance on the Sun Ultra
workstation line. The Krups motherboard is Sun Part no. 501-4267.

Krups keeps the PS2 keyboard and PS2 mouse ports from JavaStation-1,
keeping in mind the low-cost, interoperable goal of generation 1.

With the new board design, came new memory chip sockets. Instead of
SIMMs, the "tower" moved to 168-pin DIMMs. DIMMs had begun to make
their way from the workstation realm to PC's in the time between
generations one and two of the JavaStation line, so it was fitting for
Sun to switch to it in anticipation of their status low-cost commodity
memory chips. The DIMMs accepted by the "tower" are 168pin, 3.3V
unbuffered EDO DIMMs (not SDRAM). With two sockets capable of holding
a 32MB DIMM each, the Krups has a maximum capacity of 64MB RAM. As
with the JavaStation-1, the number "xx" in the Sun option number
refers to the amount of memory shipped with the unit.

For video display, the JavaStation-NC utilizes the PCI-based IGS C1682
framebuffer, capable of 1280x1024@80Hz in 24-bit "true color". This is
a step up from the 8-bit display on JavaStation-1. The port connector
remained a standard VGA jack like JavaStation-1, enabling the user to
use standard PC monitors if desired. The on-board audio remains a
Crystal CS4231 chip like JavaStation-1. The network interface on Krups
is the Sun HappyMeal 10/100 Mbps interface, another step up from the
original offering of JavaStation-1.

The "tower" came with the 9-pin serial port and 1/8" audio out jack as
JavaStation-1, but it also added a 1/8" audio-in jack, to do sound
recording with.

Another addition in the JavaStation-NC is a flash memory SIMM. This
allows one to load the current revision of the OS onboard, increasing
boot-speed tremendously.

Perhaps the thing most memorable about the JavaStation-NC is its case
design. The Krups comes in an aesthetically appealing casing. The
mainboard is mounted vertically, and the shell entraps it, giving it
the "tower" or "percolator" shape referred to. With the streamlined
case, the power supply is moved outside to small transformer. The
Krups unit gives off so little heat that there are no onboard cooling
fans, making the Krups a dead-silent machine. Imagine the difference
in noise when replacing a lab of traditional desktops with the Krups!
This case design earned Krups a"1998 Industrial Design Excellence
Award" from the Industrial Designers Society of America. This award
announcement is archived for read at:
[94]http://www.idsa.org/whatis/seewhat/idea98/winners/javastation.htm"

The Krups had an initial base price of $599US, $100US cheaper than Mr.
Coffee's rollout price. Due to it being the only model formally sold
by Sun to the general public, this is how Krups is sometimes referred
to as the only JavaStation, and not one model of a product line.

See the JavaStation-NC at:
[95]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_view.jp
g
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.3. JavaStation-E ["Espresso"] [Sun Option No. JE-xx]

This model is extremely rare to find. It was never available for sale
in quantities to either the general public or the initial JavaStation
deployments, limiting the model's production quantity. To call this
"Generation Three" of the JavaStation may be improper, as Espresso is
nothing like the generation three JavaStation written about in early
Sun literature.

The Espresso was designed as an extension of the Krups. It was geared
to sites that wanted a little bit more functionality and expansion
capability from their JavaStations: a cross between an NC and a
workstation.

Espresso is powered by the same 110Mhz MicroSPARC IIep chip as Krups.
It's mainboard is similar to Krups, with the addition of PCI slots and
an IDE channel for local hard disks. The IDE on Espresso was not
enabled in the demo units. Those who have tried to make it work have
concluded the wiring is incorrect, and it requires a hardware rework
to get working.

Espresso continues with the PS2 keyboard and PS2 mouse ports from Mr.
Coffee and Krups.

Espresso uses the same 168-pin, 3.3V unbuffered EDO DIMMs as Krups.
The maximum amount of memory for Espresso is reported to be 96MB. As
with the Mr. Coffee and Krups, the number "xx" in the Sun option
number refers to the amount of memory shipped with the unit.

For video display, the Espresso uses the PCI-based IGS C2000
framebuffer, along with the same standard VGA port connector as Krups
and Mr. Coffee. The on-board audio remains a Crystal CS4231 chip like
Krups, and the network interface remains a Sun HappyMeal 10/100 Mbps
interface like Krups as well.

Espresso came with the 9-pin serial port and 1/8" audio out and 1/8"
audio in jacks of Krups, and a new addition of a parallel port, and a
second 9-pin serial port. Espresso also comes with the flash memory to
load your OS on and bypass the network boot cycle.

One new addition to the Espresso is a smart card slot.

The Espresso comes in a "pizza box" style case like the old Sun
SparcStations, only a little taller, and not quite as wide.

The Espresso was never sold to the public. There was an internal
testing period at Sun, but the units never went into mass-production.

One Espresso user mentioned he now uses his unit as both a server and
router, with the addition of an IDE disk and 3C905 ethenet card,
demonstrating the expandability of this unit.

See the JavaStation-E at:
[96]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_view
.jpg
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.4. JavaEngine-1 ["JE-1"]

Like the Espresso, this unit is also an extremely rare find.

This unit is supposed to be of similar board design to the Krups, but
in an ATX form factor, with soldered onboard flash memory, and with a
regular SVGA video chipset.

Gleb Raiko <[97][email protected])> with the help of Vladimir Roganov
<[98][email protected]> did initial the Linux kernel support on
"JE-1". Pete Zaitcev <[99][email protected]> later obtained a
"JE-1" unit and restored full support in Linux kernel 2.3.x+.

As the author of this document has never seen a "JE-1", submissions
from the public are welcome.

See the JavaEngine-1 at:
[100]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_view.
jpg
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.5. The "Dover" JavaStation model

This is another box which does not exist officially outside of Sun.
Little is known of it.

A nice speculation would be that the next step in the JavaStation
evolution was more of a low-cost NC based on PC boards. The PCI, PS2,
and SVGA (as in "JE-1") was already present. The next step would have
been a non-proprietary, industry-standard mainboard. Since nobody's
talking, this is all speculation.

However, the document author has been informed it is fully supported
by the Linux kernel, should you be lucky enough to find one.
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.6. The Generation 3 "Super JavaStation"

Sun originally envisioned three generation models of the JavaStation:
Mr. Coffee, the Krups, and the "Super JavaStation". Generation Three
was billed in early literature as going to be the fastest JavaStation
offerred, with a high-speed CPU and a JavaChip co-processor to
translate Java-bytecode in hardware.

All indications are that it never got beyond the mental stage, and was
more of a marketing myth than anything else.

First, consider that the cost of higher performance CPU as a factor.
If Sun packaged a high-performance CPU into a JavaStation, the
low-cost advantage of an NC goes away.

Next, Sun did have their PicoJava chip available to decode Java
bytecode, but word is the performance was not as good as expected, and
the JavaChip project was shelved in the Summer of 1998, not long after
Krups was formally released. The "Dover" project was being worked on,
but the "Corona" project which would go on to become the Sun Ray was
the final nail in the JavaStation 's coffin.

So all indications are that this model is a piece of "vaporware". It
is included here though, for the sake of completeness.
_________________________________________________________________

2.3.7. The Early JavaStation Prototype?

After the original publishing of this HOWTO, word of one more
"JavaStation" model has surfaced. John of bodoman.com, a reseller of
JavaStation equipment, chimed in that he has a motherboard of a
pre-JavaStation machine. The board used a 68040 CPU. Apparently the
company that produced it was bought out by Sun and its design became a
basis for the JavaStation line.

As this is the first mention of this prototype machine, any further
info is appreciated.
_________________________________________________________________

2.4. Reasons for Running Linux and NC Myths Dispelled

It turns out that Linux makes the JavaStations perform more than
adequately on the desktop. Thanks to the dedicated work of the Linux
developer community, the JavaStations offer users the low-cost,
zero-admin, versatile desktop NC's they were originally billed to be,
but with the added freedom granted by the Linux OS.

While low-cost PC's now eclipse the JavaStation in terms of default
CPU speed and RAM size, the JavaStations running Linux are still
well-suited for a number of tasks:

* Diskless X-Terminal. (Gives the JavaStations the capability of the
Sun Xterminal 1 hardware that they replaced).
* The NC solution, Linux-style: local X + a java-capable browser can
make the JavaStations perform like they did with JavaOS/HotJava,
only many times faster.
* A beowulf node, or a dedicated RC5/SETI@HOME client. The
JavaStation running Linux makes a stable, long-lasting number
cruncher.
* A small, standalone machine. While a task more suited on today's
low-cost machines, there's not much that prevents the JavaStation
from performing as a full-fleged standalone UNIX machine by
itself. Just remember to set your expectations appropriately when
doing so; they were "low-budget" clients when they were sold, and
should not be directly compared to today's workstation offerings.
* A small router and server, particularly with the Espresso model
decked out with added IDE disks and NIC.

In all of the above scenarios, there is little to no maintenance of
the machine once configured properly. Such is the advantage of the NC
hardware.

JavaStations run so much better with Linux than JavaOS, one would
think that even Sun should have offered it as an option.
Unfortunately, Sun has killed the line in favor of the Sun Ray. While
the performance of the Sun Ray is good, keep in mind it is not a
dedicated computing device and is little more than a graphics display
hanging off your Sun server, which can give you some unexpected
features (translation: "brand-name product lock"). The performance on
the JavaStations with Linux will be similar to what you can get with a
Sun Ray, but if ever you want to do something different with your
machines, you have the flexibility to do so with the JavaStations.

Lastly, if you're thinking of switching to diskless Xterminals on your
network, you might consider the JavaStations over stripped down PC's.
The hardware is standardized, smaller, and you do not need to worry
about burning boot PROM's and the like.
_________________________________________________________________

2.5. Why JavaStations are No Longer Produced

Sun's official stance is that the JavaStation line was terminated in
favor of the new Sun Ray line. A trip to the former JavaStation
section of Sun's website at [101]http://www.sun.com/javastation
verifies this formal positioning.

As the Sun Ray is not an NC in the traditional sense (it is merely a
framebuffer, and not a computing device itself), there is no
explanation why the two do not co-exist.

In talking to the users of the JavaStations in the pre-Linux era, you
will find strong opinions as to why the JavaStations are no more. The
common thread in almost all opinions collected is that the software
provided by Sun was inadequete for a production environment. Here are
collected opinions from users of the Sun-provided software, included
with their permission:

I only used the Java Stations last summer while teaching 51 and
55/154. GoJoe was incredibly slow and I seem to remember having to
login to several different screens and browsers just to be able to
start anything.

I had to apologize to my students for the slow and inconvenient
machines --- I remember making some jokes about technological
progress.

--Dr. Alex Ryba, Professor at Marquette University
<[102][email protected]>

Well, of course the old JavaStations were practically unusable. It's
not a matter of just my opinion; we used to have CU 310 full of
students using the Xterms all the time. As soon as the JavaStations
appeared there were NO STUDENTS in there at all. The JavaStations
killed CU 310. Now that the JavaStations are (thanks to you) back up
to speed, students are beginning to come back, but they've gotten out
of the habit of working in our lab, and are used to working on their
own in the dorms. I think this is a big loss -- they don't learn
anything from talking to each other in the labs anymore.

Ghostview was slow, etc, but even vi was too slow. I am used to typing
quickly, and when the cursor can't keep up with me, I can't handle it.
I would also have worked at home if I didn't have to be here. And
there were those annoying red squares left all over the Xterm window
when you were in vi. I had to type ^L every few lines to get rid of
them to see what I was typing... The pits. The whole setup made me
lose a lot of respect for Sun (although I try to separate the
different product lines as much as possible); I also think Sun will
not get respect for hyping a product like the JavaStation so strongly,
and then just dumping it. I would wonder why anyone would not just
dump Sun...

BTW, the JavaStations, now that they are fast, are quite fine. I
really like mine, and don't see why they aren't a viable product.

--Dr. Mark Barnard, Professor at Marquette University
<[103][email protected]>

I believe that it was the triple combination of Sun's JavaOS, the
Hotjava software, and GraphOn's GoJoe X-connectivity software which
ultimately doomed the JavaStation line.

JavaOS was always sluggish in performance for us. It was rated as
having one of the slowest Java VMs by a ZDNet Online Magazane review
at [104]http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/javaguide/hfgr10.htm . I
speculate this was the the main cause of delaying the JavaStation's
formal public release to April 1998.

JavaOS also always lagged behind the current Java developer spec (ie
running Java 1.0 when Java 1.1 was prevalent, and Java 1.1 when Java
1.2 was issued). It was tough explaining to students why the books
they were buying were all using the new event-model of Java 1.1, but
they could not program to it and have it run on "the Java machine".
There were also some implementation problems with some of the AWT
peers which sometimes made programming across platforms difficult.

These performance and implementation problems were never addressed in
subsequent build of JavaOS for the duration we ran it. I believe the
last edition we had used a Java 1.1.4 runtime, when we had a Java 1.2
development kit on the server.

The HotJava browser software suffered from not being able to handle
web standards HTML4, cascading style-sheets, or the ECMA javascript.
All of these standards were employed in commercial sites at the time,
resulting in many sites that weren't viewable by the JavaStations. The
Hotjava Browser engine also had serious printing problems with certain
webpages, some of which appeared on Sun's own website!

The HotJava Views task selector software also was rough. Users could
have multiple apps running, but only one displayed at a time.
Manipulation of multiple window panes was difficult (no minimization,
no quick list to all apps, resizing not always possible). Flexibility
users had grown accustomed to was tossed out in favor of this
task-selector approach. On Sun's Java website there was a page
boasting of a committee formed that decided this was the "right way"
to make a desktop. Tell that to our users.

The GraphOn Go-Joe software was by far the most damaging piece of
software to the JavaStation line. This was an X-connectivity software
Sun licensed from GraphOn to give users access to the Solaris servers'
X apps. The connectivity worked via a daemon installed on the Solaris
server, which was connected to by a Java connectivity applet on the NC
side. This small applet (only about 250K) simply threw up the latest
display state and sent back to the daemon the mouse and keyboard
strokes of the user. Unlike Xterminals though, the actual Xserver
process was spawned and communicated with on the remote server-side by
the daemon. Communication between the GraphOn client applet and the
server daemon was supposedly done by a patented protocol to compress
communication and speed things up. However, the performance of X under
Go-Joe was terribly sluggish, with horrible refresh rates (10-seconds
for some page scroll refreshes). Many sites operators I spoke to
elected to not run the Go-Joe software past a trial period for this
reason. We had to run it though, as our users were heavily X
dependant. Alternatives like Weird/X were not available at this time,
and VNC proved not up to snuff given the slow JavaOS VM.

This performance in Go-Joe alone was enough to give uninformed users
the impression that the JavaStation was an underpowered machine,
especially when placed side-by-side with the low-cost, end-of-lifed
Sun Xterminal 1 hardware it was meant to replace. Our students left
labs in droves, faculty were upset, and giving demos to outsiders was
downright embarrassing. In reality the hardware was solid and stable,
but was hampered by this new, untested OS and new, untested
applications running on a new, untested hardware architecture. This
triple-threat combination, and Sun's timeline for fixing the problems
is what I feel truly doomed the JavaStation.

I remember that in 1998, Sun publicized that it had rolled out 3000 of
these machines in-house, including one on Scott McNealy's desk. One
who has used the JavaStations with the Sun software would have to
wonder whether he ever turned it on and used it solely for a day? Had
he done so, I'm sure he'd demand things be done differently. Why Sun
never ported and released its tried and tested XTerminal software to
the JavaStation, or even a mini-Solaris, remained a mystery to us the
whole time before we switched to Linux. It was only after we moved to
Linux and the JavaStation line was formally killed by Sun when we
learned from some inside Sun sources that Solaris actually was ported
to Mr. Coffee, but released only internally at Sun. As a heavily
invested customer site who had begged for help, this was not only
disheartening, but insulting to discover.

Lastly, the customer support we received at the time was horrible. We
pled our case on more than a few occassions, but requests always
seemed to fall on deaf ears. Calling up SunSolve for JavaStation help
always resulted in a transfer to a Java Language engineer. If the Sun
employees do not know their own products, that's a problem!

>From our view, there no doubt was politics involved in this, and as
customers, we were the ones to bear the results of this. We continue
using Sun equipment when it comes to the proven models like the
Enterprise-class servers and diskarrays, but on the latest low-cost
desktop offerings, we will be forever cautious given the JavaStation
history.

Linux now proves the JavaStations are adequate machines, and Sun could
take this bait and go with it. If they sell the JavaStations for $250
a piece and the JavaStation running a proven OS like Linux (or
Solaris) with proven apps (X), the JavaStation makes for a great
network appliance. The recent NetPliance I-Opener Linux hack and
subsequent controversy proves there certainly is a market for this
type of low-cost device.

--Robert Dubinski, Computer Systems Technician at Marquette University
<[105][email protected]>

More comments and rebuttal statements by Sun employees are always
welcome.
_________________________________________________________________

2.6. Where to Purchase a JavaStation

Since Sun has canceled production of the JavaStation line, it no
longer sells them through their official channels. It should be
possible to order any remaining JavaStation stock from the Sun Spares
site at [106]http://www.sunspares.com.

Your best bet to get JavaStations though is out on the open market.
Educational institutions which received a handful from Sun as demo
units are now trying to offload them any way they can. Search around
the auction sites like Ebay and Yahoo Auctions, and you should be able
to turn some up.

Lastly, a great resource for JavaStations is "Bodoman's JavaStation
site" at: [107]http://www.bodoman.com/javastation/javastation.html .
Here you can find Mr. Coffee and Krups models. As of June 15th 2000,
Bodoman was selling out of Krups models and was thinking about selling
all remaining Mr. Coffees to a different reseller. If you want a
JavaStation from BodoMan, contact him now!

The current going price as of June 2000 for a Mr. Coffee model without
memory or monitor is about $50-100US, while the Krups goes for about
$85-100US. Anything more is typically due to memory pre-installed.
Since the Taiwanese earthquake of 1999, memory prices have fluctuated
on a near daily basis, making it difficult to pin a price range down
in this manner.

You might also get lucky and stumble on someone who wants to get rid
of JavaStations cheap. One reader reported finding a 32-MB Krups for
$75 in a pristine unopened box.
_________________________________________________________________

3. Background Requirements for Linux on a JavaStation

This chapter describes the base hardware and software requirements for
enabling Linux on the JavaStation.
_________________________________________________________________

3.1. Complete Hardware Requirements

For hardware, you will need one or more JavaStation clients and a
server to feed it its Linux image from, all networked on the same net
segment.

This server you use can be any server which supports DHCP and TFTP,
and RARP. These are the base protocols needed to perform a network
boot of the JavaStations. You may also need NFS service as well, but
it is not necessary in one type of configuration this HOWTO describes.
Also, you can get by without RARP on both the Krups and Espresso
models.

This document will describe how to set up serving the network Linux OS
image to the JavaStation from a Sun server running SparcLinux. While
you do not need a Sun server to serve your Linux image off of, the Sun
SparcLinux server is needed should you wish to compile a kernel of
your own, or prototype a new filesystem for your JavaStations to use.
Otherwise, you will need to use prepackaged kernels and filesystems
somebody else has pre-built and made publicly available for use.

Your network can be a simple 10 Mbps ethernet LAN, but when you begin
using more than 50 JavaStations at once, a switched 100 Mbps network
becomes desirable for your server to handle multiple concurrent boot
requests.

This HOWTO includes example kernels and filesystems for you to use,
eliminating your need of a Linux/SPARC server, but you still need a
server of some type to feed the image to the JavaStations as they
boot.
_________________________________________________________________

3.2. Network Service Requirements

As discussed in the last section, the JavaStation boot cycle will make
use of DHCP and TFTP with possibly NFS and RARP. To understand why,
read up on the JavaStation boot sequence in the next section.
_________________________________________________________________

3.3. Understand the JavaStation Boot Sequence

The JavaStations follow a typical diskless workstation boot sequence.

When powered on, the JavaStation sends out a broadcast request for its
IP. It gets its IP info via RARP or DHCP. With a DHCP response, it
gets information about the network it is on and where to go download
its boot image from via TFTP.

There are subtle variations in diskless boots from one diskless
machine to the next. For instance, BOOTP may sometimes be substituted
where DHCP is, and RARP may be eliminated in favor of either of the
two. But in general, the sequence is typically the same between the
client and the server:

1. C: "Who am I?"
2. S: "You are xxx"
3. C: "Where do I go for my boot image?"
4. S: "You go here."
5. C: "Give me my image from here...Please?"
6. S: "Here's your image."

After the kernel is finished loading, your diskless client typically
mounts its root filesystem from the network via NFS. Alternatively, it
may load and mount it from a RAMdisk.
_________________________________________________________________

3.4. Additional Software Requirements: Replacement Firmware (PROLL)

JavaStations came with two different PROMs installed in them. Version
2.30 shipped with the earliest Mr. Coffee models, and was updated by
latter versions of the Sun Netra J software environment to 3.11. Krups
and Espresso came with 3.x versions of the PROM by default.

It turns out the later 3.x series of PROMs is not conducive to booting
Linux upon. Fortunately, a complete PROM replacement called PROLL now
exists to get by this limitation.

PROLL becomes the first image your JavaStation grabs by TFTP. It then
will load your true kernel image and boot into Linux.

No matter what PROM revision you have, get PROLL. This can make
troubleshooting new installs easier.

The current, master version of PROLL is available from the Metabyte
website at: [108]http://www.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux.

The current version at the time of this writing is "13".

PROLL can also be found mirrored on "VGER", and also on this HOWTO's
distribution site at:
[109]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/proll_13.tar.bz2
(HOWTO website mirror - version 13)
_________________________________________________________________

3.5. Decide on your Filesystem: NFS-Root, or Embedded?

Before you begin, you must decide upon the root-filesystem type you
wish to use for your diskless JavaStation.
_________________________________________________________________

3.5.1. "NFS-Root" Filesystem

In this setup, after the boot kernel is retrieved off the network, the
running JavaStation makes an NFS connection for its root filesystem.
The root directory "/" is mounted off the network for the duration of
the current session.

The "NFS-Root" solution is the recommended way to go for beginners, as
it is easier to troubleshoot if there are problems. It also makes it
easier to prototype the proper filesystem, as any changes you make on
a running system can be propogated for the next boot cycle (so long as
you are in read-write mode, of course).
_________________________________________________________________

3.5.2. "Embedded-Root" Filesystem

In this setup, the root filesystem is loaded directly into RAM and
accessed from there.

The advantage of this setup is that there is no NFS traffic to worry
about, resulting in a clean solution.

The disadvantage of this configuration is that you can no longer do
rapid prototyping of your filesystem, as any changes you make to a
running system are lost. If you have no "NFS-Root" setup available,
you develop an embedded filesystem by making small tweaks and
performing reboots to test.

First time users will want to set up an "NFS-Root" configuration. When
you have things stabilized, move to "Embedded-Root" and make use of
its advantages.
_________________________________________________________________

3.6. Support Sites to Check Out: Metabyte

One website to keep on reference when you begin thinking about putting
Linux on your JavaStation is Pete Zaitcev's website at:
[110]http://www.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux, referenced throughout
this document as the "Metabyte server". Here you will find the latest
version of PROLL and many low-level details about dealing with the
JavaStations.
_________________________________________________________________

4. Build Your Kernel

4.1. Before you begin

This chapter assumes you wish to compile your own Linux kernel for the
JavaStation. It assumes you already know how to compile Linux kernels
in general, perhaps on PC, a SPARC server running Linux, or any of the
other Linux ports. If not, read the Kernel-HOWTO and the README file
of your kernel source.

Compiling a kernel for a JavaStation is not much different than
compiling a Linux kernel elsewhere. You just need to know the right
options to pick. In general, you're compiling for a Sun4M class
architecture, and enabling JavaStation-specific options. The following
sections in this chapter will take you through the steps.

While it may be possible to compile the JavaStation -enabled kernel on
alternate platforms, this HOWTO assumes you do it on a Linux/Sparc
based server running in 32-bit mode.
_________________________________________________________________

4.2. Make sure you use 32-bit mode

When compiling your own JavaStation-capable kernel, you need to make
sure the Sun server you are working on is set to 32-bit mode. So, if
you're on an Ultra-class machine, be sure you first switch to 32-bit
mode before you begin compiling.

To check what mode you're in, do a uname -a. If it says "sparc",
you're in 32-bit mode and don't have to do anything. If it reports
"sparc64", then you should perform a sparc32 bash first to switch to
32-bit mode. A subsequent uname -a should reflect the change.
_________________________________________________________________

4.3. Supported Linux Kernel Versions

The kernel source revision you should use depends on which model of
JavaStation you have.

Mr. Coffee support has worked since about kernel version 2.2.5, and
definitely works out of the box with the RedHat 6.0+/SPARC
distribution kernels.

Krups support did not work well out of the box until the latter 2.3.x
kernel cycle. Pete Zaitcev <[111][email protected]> added Krups
support in the early 2.3.x sequence, but the MMU changes to the 32-bit
SPARC kernel kept it from compiling cleanly until later on. The kernel
is known to compile cleanly with the Mar. 17 CVS kernel, and should
compile cleanly with any 2.3.99pre3+ version kernel. Krups support has
been backported by Varol Kapton <[112][email protected]>, and it is
fully supported in the 2.2.15-prepatch versions.

By the time this document gets widespread exposure, it is hoped that
the 2.4.x stable kernel cycle will be ready, at which time any 2.4.x
kernel should compile cleanly with support for the entire JavaStation
line.

If you can not get a kernel to compile, you should try the samples
pointed to by this document.
_________________________________________________________________

4.4. Required Kernel Configuration Options

When you do your make config command to enter the kernel configuration
stage, there are a few things you are required to enable:

For all JavaStations, you want to enable PCI support:
CONFIG_PCI=y

Don't forget your mouse:
CONFIG_BUSMOUSE=y
CONFIG_SUN_MOUSE=y

You'll want video, done with the Linux framebuffer interface:
CONFIG_FB_TCX=y (for Mr. Coffee)
CONFIG_FB_PCI=y
CONFIG_FB_IGA=y (for Krups/Espresso)

Audio is done with the Crystal Audio 4231 chipset:
CONFIG_SPARCAUDIO=y
CONFIG_SPARCAUDIO_CS4231=y

Don't forget your network interface:
CONFIG_SUNLANCE=y (Mr. Coffee)
CONFIG_HAPPYMEAL=y (Krups/Espresso)

You'll no doubt need to support a filesystem:
CONFIG_EXT2_FS=y

You'll want IP autoconfiguration, and RARP/BOOTP support:
CONFIG_IP_PNP=y
CONFIG_IP_PNP_BOOTP=y
CONFIG_IP_PNP_RARP=y

When doing the "NFS-Root" filesystem configuration, you will need both
NFS and NFS-Root support:
CONFIG_NFS_FS=y
CONFIG_ROOT_NFS=y

When doing the "Embedded-Root" filesystem, configure both RAM disks
and "initial ramdisk" support:
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y

You can get a working ".config" file which has these options set later
in this chapter.
_________________________________________________________________

4.5. Necessary Patch for "Embedded-Root" FS Configurations

If you have decided to go with the "Embedded-Root" filesystem option,
you will want to make a patch to the RAMdisk driver source first.

The default size of a RAM disk when using the RAMdisk driver is 4 MB.
Chances are that you will want an embedded filesystem of more than
that size, particularly when you start thinking about running an X
server, or including a Java runtime.

You can do this change by yourself, or by using the patch pointed to
below. The change is a one-line edit in the file
<LINUXROOT>/drivers/block/rd.c . Look for a line that says:
int rd_size = 4096; /* Size of the RAM disks */

and change it to the size of the RAMdisk you wish. Typically, most
embedded systems are under 16 MB, so a common edit is to change the
line to:
int rd_size = 4 * 4096; /* Size of the RAM disks */

If you can not do this, the patch below makes the edit for you.

4MB to 16MB kernel patch file is at:
[113]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/ramdisk_patch

It should be noted in this section that there is currently a limit on
the size of Linux boot image for all JavaStation models, due to the
implementation of PROLL. This limit is technically 8 MB. This topic is
mentioned again in the "TroubleShooting" section of this document.
_________________________________________________________________

4.6. Build the JavaStation-Ready Kernel

To build the kernel, you type make vmlinux. If you come from an x86
Linux background, you might be surprised that you do not perform a
make bzImage or make zImage. Do not be alarmed: this command is
correct.

When the compile is finished, you will find a file named "vmlinux" in
the kernel source root directory. You are almost ready to put this
kernel to use.

You need to make one more change to your kernel before it is ready for
use. You need to convert it from ELF to AOUT executable format. You
can do this with the "elftoaout" utility included in most Linux/SPARC
distributions.

To convert your kernel image to the AOUT executable format, you issue
the command:
elftoaout -o vmlinux.aout vmlinux

You will probably now want to rename the image file to a longer name
which includes the current date and kernel revision you used, so as
not to get confused with when you have multiple boot kernel images
down the road.
_________________________________________________________________

4.7. JavaStation-Ready Kernel Images, System.map and ".config" File Samples

Here are some sample ".config" and JavaStation-ready kernel images.
They have been donated by Linux-running JavaStation users.
_________________________________________________________________

4.7.1. Sample ".config" Files

[114]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/kernel_embedded_co
nfig_2_3_99pre3_mar_17

This is a ".config" file donated by Robert Dubinski
<[115][email protected]>. It was used at Marquette University to
build an embedded boot image from the Mar. 17, 2000 CVS kernel
version. This includes support for both Mr. Coffee and Krups in an
"Embedded-Root" filesystem configuration. These options should be
valid for newer kernels as well; Perform a make oldconfig when using
with latter kernels.

[116]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/kernel_nfsroot_con
fig_2_3_99pre3_mar_17

This is an nfs-root capable version of the above ".config" file.
_________________________________________________________________

4.7.2. Sample JavaStation-Ready Kernel Files

[117]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/vmlinux_embedded_2
_3_99pre3_mar_17

This is a kernel file donated by Robert Dubinski
<[118][email protected]>. It was built for Marquette University and
is based off the Mar. 17, 2000 CVS kernel version.

This kernel image includes support for both Mr. Coffee and Krups
models in an "Embedded-Root" filesystem configuration.

This boot kernel image has already been converted to the required AOUT
executable format.

[119]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/vmlinux_nfsroot_2_
3_99pre3_mar_17

This is the nfs-root version of the above kernel.

[120]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/system.map_embedde
d_2_3_99pre3_mar_17

The System.map for the embedded kernel image.

[121]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/system.map_nfsroot
_2_3_99pre3_mar_17

The System.map for the nfsroot kernel image.
_________________________________________________________________

5. Build A JavaStation-Ready FileSystem

This chapter details how one constructs a filesystem suitable for use
on the Linux-running JavaStations.
_________________________________________________________________

5.1. Preparing Yourself to Build Your Own Filesystem

Building a filesystem for use with the JavaStations is a
time-consuming, but rewarding task for those who undertake it. You
will learn more about library dependencies than you ever thought you
could, all the time while trying to keep the overall image size as
small as possible.

There are two common approaches one can take when rolling a new
JavaStation-ready filesystem.

1. Start with an established distribution's filesystem and whittle
down to the core.
2. Start with an established distribution's "rescue disk" filesystem
and add desired functionality.

Which path you take, of course, is entirely up to you. The "rescue
disk" build procedure seems to work best though, as more base commands
in a rescue disk are statically linked, increasing the starting image
size but causing less initial library headaches.

Obviously when building a filesystem in the context of the
JavaStation, you will be basing off of an existing Linux/SPARC
filesystem. The filesystems that come with the RedHat and Debian
distributions are good starting points.

Warning

In the future, you will also need to make sure you base off a
filesystem built with compiled 32-bit mode executables, as a 64-bit
userland project is presently in progress for 64-bit SPARC Linux
kernels.
_________________________________________________________________

5.2. Contents of the "/etc/fstab" File

The configuration lines placed into "/etc/fstab" depend on whether you
will be using the "NFS-Root" or "Embedded-Root" filesystem
configuration.
_________________________________________________________________

5.2.1. "NFS-Root" Filesystem fstab

Here is an example of an "/etc/fstab" for an "NFS-Root" boot option.
###
#
your.nfs.server:/path/to/filesystem / nfs defaults,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 1 1
#
none /proc proc defaults 0 0
###
_________________________________________________________________

5.2.2. "Embedded-Root" Filesystem fstab

Here is an example of an "/etc/fstab" for an "Embedded-Root" boot
option.
###
#
/dev/ram / ext2 defaults
#
/proc /proc proc defaults
###
_________________________________________________________________

5.3. The "Embedded-Root" Image Creation Procedure

Prepping up the "Embedded-Root" boot image requires a number of extra
steps. Due to these extra steps, the "NFS-Root" filesystem option is
recommended for beginners to Linux on the JavaStation. You might also
try the samples pointed to in this document. Should you still wish to
build and embedded image on your own, this section outlines the basic
instructions.

Creating the "Embedded-Root" boot image is a 5-Step Procedure:

1. Prototype Your Filesystem
This whole chapter deals with rolling your own filesystem. In this
step, it is assumed you create your own filesystem, perhaps by
prototyping one on a working "NFS-Root" filesystem configuration.
One thing to keep in mind is that unlike your "NFS-Root"
filesystem, the "Embedded-Root" filesystem must fit within the
confines of your allocated RAMdisk, generally 4-16 MB. Your
maximum size is dependant on the setting of the RAMdisk driver.
2. Create an Empty File for Your FileSystem
You now need to create a file-based filesystem "container". This
is just a file that is the size of your RAMdisk.
To create this, try the dd command:

dd if=/dev/zero of=./fs_test.img bs=1k count=8000

Using this example, you now should have an 8 MB file named
"fs_test.img". Note: Be sure the count you use matches the RAMdisk
size you allocated for in the kernel's RAMdisk driver!
3. Format your Filesystem "Container"
Now that you have a "container" for your filesystem, it is time to
format it and place a bare filesystem on it.
In our kernel phase, we added in support for the ext2 filesystem.
We'll now format our "container" with this filesystem type.

mkfs.ext2 ./fs_test.img

Ignore any warnings about the file not being a block device, and
proceed anyway. This is an expected warning message.
4. Mount the Filesystem "Container" and Write to It
Now that you have your filesystem container, you can mount it and
load your prototyped filesystem on it.
To mount the container, use the kernel loopback device. Make sure
your server's kernel has loopback support enabled and issue a:

mount -o loop ./fs_test.img /mnt

Copy your files to the filesystem, and make sure "/etc/fstab" has
the RAMdisk entries as described elsewhere in this document.
To avoid symbolic links being changed into actual copies of files,
use a copy tool like "tar" or "cpio" instead of a "cp".
5. Unmount and Compress the Root Filesystem
Unmount the root filesystem you just created.

umount /mnt

Compress the filesystem file with maximum "gzip" compression
levels.

gzip -v9 ./fs_test.img

You should now have "fs_test.img.gz" file.
6. Hook the Root-Filesystem Onto the Back of Your Kernel Image
Now you must append the filesystem image onto your kernel.
You do this with a utility program called "piggyback". The
piggyback program takes care of the task of appending the two and
letting the kernel know where both it and the filesystem begins
and ends.
The "piggyback" program is found in your kernel source tree under
<LINUXROOT>/arch/sparc/boot. It might also be found on your
favorite ftp.kernel.org site.
For piggyback to work, it needs your AOUT format kernel image, the
System.map file from your kernel source root directory, and the
compressed root-filesystem you just created.
We put it all together with a:

piggyback vmlinux.aout System.map fs_test.img.gz

Be sure to backup your kernel image first, as piggyback used the
same "vmlinux.aout" filename for output. Check the filesize of
your "vmlinux.aout" file after giving this command and you can
verify the filesystem has indeed been appended.

Congratulations! You've created an "Embedded-Root" kernel/filesystem
boot image.
_________________________________________________________________

5.4. Sample FileSystems

Here are some sample filesystems for you to start with.

A filesystem image contributed by Varol Kapton
<[122][email protected]> is at:
[123]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/jsroot_varol.tar.g
z
_________________________________________________________________

6. Set up Your Server

This chapter describes the configuration steps necessary for the
server machine to hand-off your JavaStation boot image.
_________________________________________________________________

6.1. Preface

It is now time to setup your server to deliver the OS and filesystem
to the JavaStation.

In our examples here, we configure a Linux/SPARC server "lnxserv" at
private IP 192.168.128.100 to deliver a boot image to JavaStation
"java01" at private IP 192.168.128.1. Both are on private network
192.168.128/24. When using an "NFS-Root" Filesystem, the location on
the server of the filesystem in our sample is at "/path/to/nfsroot".
_________________________________________________________________

6.2. Setting up the RARP service

We first need to set up RARP service on our server, so the JavaStation
can auto-configure its IP.

First, populate the "/etc/ethers" file with the mapping of the mac
address of the JavaStation to its hostname:
### /etc/ethers
8:0:20:82:7a:21 lnxserv # 192.168.128.100 (server is not necessary,)
# # (just for completeness)
#
#
08:00:20:81:C2:ae java01 # 192.168.128.1 (JavaStation)
#
###

Next, populate the "/etc/hosts" file with the IP to hostname maps:
### /etc/hosts
192.168.128.100 lnxserv
192.168.128.1 java01
###

Lastly, configure the RARP cache to fill at start-up (Linux/SPARC has
no RARP daemon, per se):
### Part of rc.local
#
# If necessary, first load the rarp module to be able to fill the cache.
# /sbin/insmod rarp
#
# Now we fill the rarp cache. You better have the rarp command available.
if [ -f /sbin/rarp ]; then
/sbin/rarp -f
fi
###
_________________________________________________________________

6.3. Setting up the DHCP service

You now need to configure your server to deliver DHCP service. This
will help identify the JavaStation, the network it is on, and where to
get its boot image from.

The following is a sample "dhcpd.conf" file for the ISC DHCP server
software which ships with most Linux/SPARC distributions.
### Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf file for ISC DHCPD
#
deny unknown-clients;
#
subnet 192.168.128.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
range 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.150;
}

group
{
host java01
{
hardware ethernet 08:00:20:81:C2:ae;
filename "C0A88003"; # "/tftpboot/xxx"
fixed-address java01; # 192.168.128.1
}
}
#
### End dhcpd.conf file

Note: Some early versions of ISC DHCPD are reported to not work well.
It is recommended you use ISC DHCPD Version 2.0 and above.

A longer [124]dhcpd.conf from the Metabyte server is mirrored here for
demonstration purposes.
_________________________________________________________________

6.4. Set up NFS service ("NFS-Root Options" Only)

When you are serving up an "NFS-Root" filesystem, you need to share
the filesystem you created to the JavaStation client. You do this with
the "/etc/exports" file.
###/etc/exports
/path/to/nfsroot java01(rw,no_root_squash)
###

Be sure your NFS server gets properly started up at boot-time.
_________________________________________________________________

6.5. Setting up for Boot with TFTP

Now we need to set up the last step on our server: the TFTP
configuration. For this step, you will need the kernel you created
(using the "NFS-Root" option) or the piggybacked kernel/fs boot image
(using the "Embedded-Root" option), the appropriate PROLL, and some
knowledge of hexadecimal numbering.

The first thing you need to do is verify that "TFTPd" is enabled in
your "/etc/inetd.conf" file:
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.tftpd

Now, you move your copy of proll for your JavaStation architecture,
along your kernel or piggybacked kernel image to /tftpboot.

Now, you create of symbolic link from the hexidecimal version of your
IP to your PROLL image, and a map from "HEXIP.PROL" to your real
kernel image. If you are using "Embedded-Root" option, you point to
your "Embedded-Root" Filesystem plus Kernel image. If you are using
the "NFS-Root" option, you need to point to the normal "vmlinux.aout"
image, plus have a separate map of IP->nfsroot location. For sake of
completeness, you might also want a "HEXIP.SUN4M" -> "HEXIP" map, as
that is the custom way of dealing with net boot situations with the
Sun.

Example for java01 booting from "NFS-Root":
$ ls -ld /tftpboot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89608 Mar 20 10:15 proll.aout.krups.11
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52732 Mar 17 11:52 proll.aout.mrcoffee.11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 20 10:16 proll.krups -> proll.a
out.krups.11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Mar 17 11:54 proll.mrcoffee -> prol
l.aout.mrcoffee.11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.SUN4M -> COA8
8001
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001 -> proll.mrco
ffee
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.PROL -> vmlin
ux.aout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1456189 May 21 12:53 vmlinux.aout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6743821 Apr 1 12:53 vmlinux_embed.aout
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Apr 1 12:53 192.168.128.1 -> /path
/to/nfsroot

Example for java01 booting from "Embedded-Root" boot image:
$ ls -ld /tftpboot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89608 Mar 20 10:15 proll.aout.krups.11
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52732 Mar 17 11:52 proll.aout.mrcoffee.11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Mar 20 10:16 proll.krups -> proll.a
out.krups.11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Mar 17 11:54 proll.mrcoffee -> prol
l.aout.mrcoffee.11
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.SUN4M -> COA8
8001
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001 -> proll.mrco
ffee
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 1 13:00 C0A88001.PROL -> vmlin
ux_embed.aout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1456189 May 21 12:53 vmlinux.aout
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6743821 Apr 1 12:53 vmlinux_embed.aout
_________________________________________________________________

6.6. The Last Configuration Step

The last step to configuring your Linux-running JavaStation: boot it
and cross your fingers!

Tip: Report of success are also heard of where one or more of these
configuration steps have been used: knocking on a wooden surface,
booting during a full moon, walking under ladders, breaking of
mirrors, throwing salt over one's shoulder, hunting black cats and
sacrificing chickens (KFC will suffice).
_________________________________________________________________

6.7. What to See When Booting Linux

When you boot things properly, your JavaStation will start up with the
normal white background screen with the PROM banner at the top, and
you will get the black "exclamation mark in triangle" logo, signalling
the system doesn't yet know who it is. When contact is made with the
DHCP server, the logo goes away and changes to the Java coffee cup
logo. After this, a black background window opens. This is the PROLL
window. It'll show status of the TFTP download in progress, and give
stats on the size of the file downloaded. Next, the whole screen
should go black, you should see a picture of Tux the penguin in the
upper left hand of the screen, and have the normal Linux kernel
messages printed before you. Any mistakes from this point are due to
the filesystem you are using, the filesystem mounting, or missing
kernel drivers which should have been compiled in.
_________________________________________________________________

7. Troubleshooting

This chapter is intended to provide solutions to frequently and
infrequently encountered problems in enabling Linux on the
JavaStations.
_________________________________________________________________

7.1. When booting, the message "The file just loaded does not appear to be
executable." Why?

On systems that have the older OpenBoot version 2.3, and are not set
up to use PROLL, you will get this message when attempting to boot up
a kernel image that is not in AOUT format. Be sure to run elftoaout on
your kernel image.
_________________________________________________________________

7.2. When booting, the message "no a.out magic" appears and halts the boot.
Why?

On systems that are set up to use PROLL, you will see this message
when attempting to boot up a kernel image that is not in AOUT format.
Be sure to run elftoaout on your kernel image.
_________________________________________________________________

7.3. I tried booting a Krups but JavaOS comes up. I don't even have JavaOS!

This likely means you have a copy of JavaOS loaded on your flash SIMM.
Remove the SIMM and the problem should go away.
_________________________________________________________________

7.4. Cannot Boot an "Embedded-Root" image > 10 MB on my JavaStation. Why?

There is a known limit of 8 MB when using the "Embedded-Root" boot
image option.

The cause of this is the current version of the PROLL software, which
map only 8 MB of low memory. Any more and banking support would need
to be added to it.

This limit can be fixed if needed by someone, as the source to PROLL
has been released under the General Public License GPL.

So in reality, the embedded image size limit is really 8 MB , not 10
MB. If 10 MB somehow works for you, it is by "luck"!
_________________________________________________________________

7.5. After Booting, Typing Anything Yields Garbage Characters. Why?

There are a few possibilities for this. Among them:

1. You have an incorrect device # for tty0.
2. A "keytable" loaded is incorrect. Make sure you use "sun" instead
of "PC" if you use the keytable program. Look for the keytable
configuration file if it exists.
_________________________________________________________________

7.6. In X Sessions to a Solaris server, the font server "xfs" crashes. Why?

If you do X sessions to a Solaris server, and you find that your
sessions are no longer opening up new windows, chances are the font
server on the Solaris host has crashed. This is a known bug in Solaris
2.6 and 2.7 when you have about 2 dozen X terminals sessions running.

The fix is to move the font server to a different architecture and
point your JavaStations there, or to upgrade your Solaris to the 2.7
11/99 maintenance release or Solaris 8 which both have fixes to this
problem.
_________________________________________________________________

7.7. Performing Indirect XDMCP to a Solaris Server Results in Session Login
Failures. Why?

Congratulations! You must have one of patch numbers 107180-12 through
107180-19 installed on a Solaris 7 server. You need to upgrade to
107180-20 or above to fix this problem.

Here's a little rant:

I reported this problem to Sun in November 1999, at which time I was
told a fix was not scheduled to be made, since I was using an
"unsupported configuration.". Never mind the client was a piece of
hardware made by Sun itself. Also never mind that indirect XDMCP
queries is a standard itself which was broken by Sun. A call back in
late January 2000, and I learn that the record of my previous call was
non-existant, but a fix was now on its way. The fix finally was made
available in April 2000, five months after first reporting the
problem. Considering revisions to this patch during the broken XDMCP
period dealt with fixing system security issues, we were forced to run
the older insecure software for five months while waiting for a fix to
a problem which should have been patched immediately.

The moral of the story: test your JavaStation configuration against an
upgraded server that is not in production mode.

--Robert Dubinski, Computer Systems Technician at Marquette University
<[125][email protected]>
_________________________________________________________________

7.8. TFTPd config doesn't work on SUSE. Why?

This was reported by a user after this document was first released.

In SUSE 6.3, using the tftpd from the 'a' package of the netkit rpm,
you must be sure your tftpd line in /etc/inetd.conf has the -s flag.
Otherwise you need to specify a full path.

Also, it is not necessary to run tftpd as root, so the suggested
username and group for tftpd on SUSE 6.3 is 'nobody' and 'nogroup'
_________________________________________________________________

8. Answers to Miscellaneous Questions

This chapter aims to answer some miscellaneous questions about Linux
and the JavaStations.
_________________________________________________________________

8.1. Regarding RARP: Is it Needed or Not?

RARP is not needed with the Krups or Espresso models and recent PROLL
software. RARP is required for Mr. Coffee, however.

This document explains how to set up kernel-level RARP for the
remaining models. In kernel versions 2.3.x/2.4.x, kernel-level RARP
support is removed. The Metabyte server holds a version of ANK
userland RARP from Andi Klein of SuSE that will work with Linux/SPARC.
It is available from:
[126]http://corp.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux/rarpd-ap1.tar.bz2. The
command to use then is rarpd-ank -e eth0. "-e" makes it ignore
/tftpboot checking, and "eth0" is needed if you are behind a firewall.
_________________________________________________________________

8.2. Can One Use the Smart Card Reader on the Espresso models?

This is not currently supported, but the reader follows an ISO
standard (ISO 7816-3). On Espresso, if you look into PROLL, there are
definitions for the GPIO smartcard data/clock in "eeprom.c". So a
programmer should technically be able to get the Smart Card slot
running.
_________________________________________________________________

8.3. Can One Use the Solaris DHCP server instead of ISC?

Yes, this is possible. Earlier ISC daemons had problems, while the
Solaris server was more robust. Here is how to configure it:

First, fill in your /var/dhcp/"networks" file, populating it with
ethernet to IP info, and the appropriate leastime.
# This example uses "infinite" leastime
#
0108002081C2AE 03 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.100 java01 # JavaStation
010800208E4CF6 03 192.168.128.2 192.168.128.100 java02 # JavaStation

Next, fill in your /var/dhcp/dhcptab file with entries similar to:
##
# First, some network info
#
Locale m :UTCoffst=21600:
www m :Include=Locale:Timeserv=192.168.128.100:DNSdmain=my.own.net:DNSserv=19
2.168.128.100:
192.168.128.0 m :Broadcst=192.168.128.255:Subnet=255.255.255.0:MTU=1500:BootS
rvA=192.168.128.100:Router=192.168.128.101:NISdmain=my.own.net:NISservs=192.168
128.100:
#
# note: BootServA can point to a different TFTP server to get the kernel image
# off of.
#
#
##
# Now we define the JavaStation TFTPboot parameters
#
SUNW.Linux m :Include=www:JOSchksm=0x155dbf97:Rootpath=/tftpboot:BootFile=proll
mrcoffee:BootSrvA=192.168.128.100:TFTPsrvN=lnxserv:
SUNW.Linux.Krups m :Include=www:Rootpath=/tftpboot:BootFile=proll.krups:BootSrv
A=192.168.128.100:TFTPsrvN=lnxserv:
#
#
# note: different classes are defined for the different PROLL images.
#
##
# Lastly, we list our hosts and which boot class each one gets.
java01 m :LeaseTim=-1:Include=SUNW.Linux:
java02 m :LeaseTim=-1:Include=SUNW.Linux.Krups:
#
#
#
###
_________________________________________________________________

8.4. Can One Pass Arguments to "/sbin/init" in a Diskless Boot like This?

PROLL ships with DHCP options disabled, but it could be changed. You
would then do something like "/tftpboot/0A0A0000.ARGS" to get those
parameters in.

If you boot from flash memory, PROLL picks up SILO options (where SILO
is > version 0.9.6 and PROLL is >= version 11)
_________________________________________________________________

8.5. Enabling X on the JavaStation

Enabling X on the JavaStation is possible.

First, be sure you have enabled the appropriate framebuffer device in
your kernel's configuration (as described elsewhere in this document).

Next, you'll want to use the generic Sun Framebuffer X server and
"XF86Config" file. You can build this yourself, or you can try
someone's prebuilt binaries, like the samples pointed to below.

As of this time, XFree 4.0 does not work on the SPARC line. You'll
need to use an XFree 3.3.x variant in the meantime. The new driver
model of 4.0 will provide the path necessary to provide a dedicated
accellerated X server for the JavaStations.

Sample XFree Sun Frambuffer X Server File is at:
[127]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86_FBDev

Sample XFree JavaStation-Ready XF86Config File is at:
[128]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86Config
_________________________________________________________________

8.6. Is There Mailing List Help?

There is a mailing devoted exclusively to running Linux on SPARC
processor based machines like the JavaStations.

The mailing list address is "[email protected]". You should
first subscribe to it by sending a message to
"[email protected]" with a subject and body line of
"subscribe sparclinux <your_email_address>". You can leave out your
email address, but it is helpful to put it in if you have multiple
valid addresses at your site.

Archives of the Linux/Sparc mailing list are kept at:
[129]http://www.progressive-comp.com/Lists/?l=linux-sparc&r=1&w=2"
_________________________________________________________________

8.7. Can One Boot a JavaStation from Onboard Flash Memory?

It is possible to boot a JavaStation-NC from flash, but requires too
much arcane knowledge at the moment to be recommended.
_________________________________________________________________

9. Unanswered Questions

This chapter lists questions which have been asked by the author or
others, but as of now have no answers to.
_________________________________________________________________

9.1. Does "Piggyback" work for the x86 too?

Enquiring minds want to know.
_________________________________________________________________

9.2. Where Can One Find Espressos for Sale?

Enquiring minds want to know.
_________________________________________________________________

9.3. Do Tools Exist to Configure Net Boot Entries Quickly?

Enquiring minds want to know.
_________________________________________________________________

9.4. What can one use the Krups Flash memory for?

Though it is not supported without some experimental patches from
Metabyte, the question arises as to what uses one might put the flash
to use for, aside from booting?
_________________________________________________________________

10. Appendix

This section is a collection of various reference documents which do
not belong in any other section.
_________________________________________________________________

10.1. Mr. Coffee Jumper Info

Mr. Coffee Jumper Assignments

J0206 JTAG header, perhaps JSCC compatible.
J0904 1-2 shortened Enter POST - output ttya, input ttya
1-2 open Skip POST - output screen, input ttya
3-4 Unused
5-6 Unused
7-8 Unused
J1101 1-2 open (dflt) TPE squelch
1-2 short Reduced squelch threshold
J1102 1-2 open (dflt) 100 Ohm TPE termination
short 150 Ohm TPE termination
J1602 Manufacturing test of unknown sort
J1603 1-2 PROM select (unfortunately PROM socket is emply)
2-3 (default) Flash select
J1604 1-2 FPROM write disable
2-3 (default) FPROM write enable

J0904 block is a bit block of pullup resistors which a user may shorten.
They may be read from the keyboard controller with a command 0xDD.
_________________________________________________________________

10.2. Krups Jumper Info

Krups Jumper Assignments

J1202 1-2 Use Flash
2-3 Select optional diagnostic FLASH PROM in socket J1203
(this does not sound quite right ...)
J1300 1-2 Software debug use
3-4 Factory use - PROM switch??
5-6 Unused
7-8 Flash update recovery
J0500 JTAG
_________________________________________________________________

10.3. JavaStation Photo Gallery

This section contains links to pictures of the JavaStation line.

Front view of Mr. Coffee is at:
[130]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front_vi
ew.jpg

Top view of Mr. Coffee is at:
[131]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_top_view
.jpg

Inside view of Mr. Coffee is at:
[132]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_inside_v
iew.jpg

Mr. Coffee white case variation #1 at:
[133]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_white_ca
se_1.jpg

Mr. Coffee white case variation #2 at:
[134]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_white_ca
se_2.jpg

Front view of krups is at:
[135]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_view.j
pg

Side view of krups is at:
[136]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_side_view.jp
g

Top view of krups is at:
[137]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_top_view.jpg

Front view of Espresso is at:
[138]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_vie
w.jpg

Side view of Espresso is at:
[139]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_side_view
.jpg

Rear view of Espresso is at:
[140]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_rear_view
.jpg

Inside view of Espresso is at:
[141]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_inside_vi
ew.jpg

See the JavaEngine-1 at:
[142]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_view.
jpg

View of the JavaStation mousepad is at:
[143]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/javastation_mousep
ad.jpg

View of a Lab of JavaStations running Linux is at:
[144]http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/lab_of_javastation
s.jpg

References

1. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#METAINFOCHAPTER
2. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTPURPOSESECTION
3. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSECTION
4. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTCONTRIBUTORSSECTION
5. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTHISTORYSECTION
6. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTCOPYRIGHTSECTION
7. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#DOCUMENTLOCATIONSECTION
8. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHATISCHAPTER
9. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHATISJAVASTATIONSECTION
10. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHATISNCSECTION
11. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONMODELSSECTION
12. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHYLINUXSECTION
13. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONDEATHSECTION
14. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WHEREPURCHASESECTION
15. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BACKGROUNDREQUIREMENTSCHAPTER
16. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#HARDWAREREQUIREMENTSSECTION
17. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#NETWORKSERVICEREQUIREMENTS
18. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONBOOTDESCSECTION
19. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#PROLLDESCSECTION
20. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FSTYPEDESCSECTION
21. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SUPPORTSITESSECTION
22. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KERNELBUILDCHAPTER
23. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BEFOREBEGINNINGSECTION
24. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#WORKIN32BITMODESECTION
25. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KERNELVERSIONSUPPORTSECTION
26. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#REQUIREDKERNELCONFIGOPTIONSSECTION
27. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#EMBEDDEDROOTFSPATCHSECTION
28. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BUILDTHEKERNELSECTION
29. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KERNELSAMPLESSECTION
30. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BUILDFILESYSTEMCHAPTER
31. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FSBUILDINTROSECTION
32. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FSTABDESCSECTION
33. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#EMBEDDEDROOTPROCEDURESECTION
34. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SAMPLEFILESYSTEMSSECTION
35. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SERVERSETUPCHAPTER
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37. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURERARPSECTION
38. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGUREDHCPSECTION
39. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURENFSSECTION
40. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURETFTPSECTION
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43. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#TROUBLESHOOTINGCHAPTER
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46. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FLASHTSSECTION
47. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#TENMBLIMITTSSECTION
48. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KEYGARBLESTSSECTION
49. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FONTSERVTSSECTION
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54. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#ESPRESSOCARDREADERFAQSECTION
55. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#SOLARISDHCPFAQSECTION
56. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#BOOTOPTIONSFAQSECTION
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58. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#MAILINGLISTFAQSECTION
59. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FLASHBOOTFAQSECTION
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61. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#PIGGYBACKUNANSWERED
62. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#ESPRESSOAVAILABILITYUNANSWERED
63. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#NETBOOTTOOLSUNANSWERED
64. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#FLASHUSEUNANSWERED
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66. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#MRCOFFEEJUMPERSSECTION
67. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#KRUPSJUMPERSECTION
68. file://localhost/export/sunsite/users/gferg/howto/00_JavaStation-HOWTO.html#JAVASTATIONPHOTOGALLERY
69. mailto:[email protected]
70. http://www.marquette.edu/
71. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/
72. mailto:[email protected]
73. http://www.linuxdoc.org/
74. mailto:[email protected]
75. mailto:[email protected]
76. mailto:[email protected]
77. mailto:[email protected]
78. mailto:[email protected]
79. mailto:[email protected]
80. mailto:[email protected]
81. mailto:[email protected]
82. mailto:[email protected]
83. mailto:[email protected]
84. mailto:[email protected]
85. mailto:[email protected]
86. http://www.linuxdoc.org/
87. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/%CB%9Ctech/Linux_on_JS
88. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/%CB%9Ctech/Linux_on_JS/Files/JavaStation-HOWTO.sgml
89. http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/JavaStation-HOWTO/
90. http://www.sun.com/
91. http://www.sun.com/solaris
92. http://www.linux.com/
93. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front_view.jpg
94. http://www.idsa.org/whatis/seewhat/idea98/winners/javastation.htm
95. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_view.jpg
96. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_view.jpg
97. mailto:[email protected])
98. mailto:[email protected]
99. mailto:[email protected]
100. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_view.jpg
101. http://www.sun.com/javastation
102. mailto:[email protected]
103. mailto:[email protected]
104. http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/javaguide/jfgr10.htm
105. mailto:[email protected]
106. http://www.sunspares.com/
107. http://www.bodoman.com/javastation/javastation.html
108. http://www.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux/
109. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/proll_13.tar.bz2
110. http://www.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux
111. mailto:[email protected]
112. mailto:[email protected]
113. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/ramdisk_patch
114. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/kernel_embedded_config_2_3_99pre3_mar_17
115. mailto:[email protected]
116. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/kernel_nfsroot_config_2_3_99pre3_mar_17
117. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/vmlinux_embedded_2_3_99pre3_mar_17
118. mailto:[email protected]
119. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/vmlinux_nfsroot_2_3_99pre3_mar_17
120. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/system.map_embedded_2_3_99pre3_mar_17
121. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/system.map_nfsroot_2_3_99pre3_mar_17
122. mailto:[email protected]
123. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/jsroot_varol.tar.gz
124. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/petes_dhcpd.conf.txt
125. mailto:[email protected]
126. http://corp.metabyte.com/~zaitcev/linux/rarpd-ap1.tar.bz2
127. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86_FBDev
128. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/XF86Config
129. http://www.progressive-comp.com/Lists/?l=linux-sparc&r=1&w=2
130. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_front_view.jpg
131. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_top_view.jpg
132. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_inside_view.jpg
133. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_white_case_1.jpg
134. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/mr_coffee_white_case_2.jpg
135. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_front_view.jpg
136. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_side_view.jpg
137. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/krups_top_view.jpg
138. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_front_view.jpg
139. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_side_view.jpg
140. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_rear_view.jpg
141. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/espresso_inside_view.jpg
142. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/je1_overhead_view.jpg
143. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/javastation_mousepad.jpg
144. http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~tech/Linux_on_JS/Files/lab_of_javastations.jpg