���媩 The Linux News HOWTO
�@��: Vince Skahan [1]
[email protected]
��: Hu,Shih-Ming [2]
[email protected]
v1.4, 29 November 1995
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�F �ӥH NNTP �覡Ū�� news �ɡA�h�|���� "rtin" ���ɮסC ��J"tin -r"�N
�i�o��P��J"rtin"�ۦP���\��C
Iain Lea ���ͫ�ij�b crontab ���[�J�H�U���ԭz�A ���J "make daemon" ��
make "tind" �C
# thread the database
35 * * * * /usenet/bin/tind -u
�ڴ��b SLIP ��w�U�� tin �� NNTP-based �� newsreader �ϥιL�C �p�G�z
�ҭn���W���t�α����������s�D�s�ծɡA �h�z�N������ܦh�ɶ��b���ݨt�θ��J
"active"�o��ɮסC
5.2 Trn/Mthreads
trn �n�骺�e���O "rn" �A �Ө�̶������P�h�b��e�̥i�H���ѰQ�צꦡ���\Ū
�C trn3.2 �Ϊ̧�s�������i�H��ܨϥ� "mthreads" �覡 ( trn �����w ) ��
�O NOV �覡 ( INN ) �Ӱ���C�����\Ū�C
�Q�n�sĶ���n��A �u�ݰ��� Configure �A �ñ�����ҵ���L�����w�ȡC �٦�
�N�O�A���t�Τ��ܤ֭n�� lib4.4.1 �M bash-1.13 (�{�b�b�ܦh��Linux
archive sites�w�g��beat����) �~���Configure ���\������C �A�i��P�ɻ�
�nbash1.13�Mlibs4.4.1�H�ϱo�s��Configure�i�H���T������C
�b sunsite �� newspak �]�t���b Linux �U�� trn �Ϊ��i�H�u�@��config �ɮ�
�C
�@��ӻ��h�ק� trn �� config.sh �ɮרä��O�o�����|�ʡA ���D���u�O�@�ǫD
�`��¦p�ק��|�H�ŦX�A���u�@������ʧ@�C �p�G�z�Q�o�˰����ܡA �]�̦n
�b����"make depend"�B "make"�B "make install" ���e������"Configure -S"
�C
���ަb Linux �W�H bash1.12 ���� "configure" ���ѡA �� "Configure -S" �o
�u�@���ܦn�A �]���p�G�A�H newspak �� config.sh �@���@�Ӱ_�I�A ���A�N��
����F�C
�sĶ�ϥ� NNTP Ū���� trn �]�u�O�� Configure �ݧA�O���O�n�h����²�檺�^
��"yes"�Ӥw�A ( ���] Configure �i�H���`�@�� ) �C ���Ӫ��s���]�N�|��
NNTP Ū���� config.sh �]�t�i�� -- �@�p�b local host Ū���̪� config.sh
�C
�ڴ��b SLIP ��w�U�� trn �� NNTP-based �� newsreader �ϥιL�C �p�G�z
�ҭn���W���t�α����������s�D�s�ծɡA �h�z�N������ܦh�ɶ��b���ݨt�θ��J
"active"�o��ɮסC
trn ���۷�h���R�O�C���O�i�ѨϥΡA �z�i�H�����a�ۨ� man page �����o�z��
�ݭn����T�Ӹ`�C �ܩ�ګh�ϥΥt�@�Ӧ���K����k�ӳ]�wtrn �G
* ��Ҧ����ѼƳ]�w�g�b /.trnrc
* ����H�U�R�O export TRNINIT=" /.trnrc"
�b�ثe�� newspak �����|���@�� .trnrc �ɥi�����Ҥl�A�z�i�H�ѷӬݬݡC
trn3.2 �Χ�s�������i�H�ۥѿ�ܨϥΤ䴩 NOV �� mthreads ����C�\Ū�覡
�C �]���A�ڭӤH��ij�]�w trn �n��A �Ϥ���خ榡���i�\Ū (�i�b
Configure���]�w ) �A �M��b�Ұ� trn �ɦA��ܨ䤤�@�بӨϥΡA �Ҧp�G �z
�i�H�� "trn -Zo"��� NOV �榡�F �Ϊ� "trn -Zt" �ϥ�mthreads �A �ӥB�z�i
�H�b alias ���g�J�W�z�R�O�A �o�|�ϱz���ϥΧ��K�C
���F�n�إߨϥ� mthreads ��C���\Ū����Ʈw�A �z�|���b news crontab ����
�J�H�U�ԭz�C
# thread the trn database
35 * * * * /usenet/bin/mthreads all
5.3 NN
�z�i�H�b sunsite �W���o�o�@�M�n��A �B�䤤��]�t�w�� nn6.4.18 �ɧ���i
�ϥΪ��պA�� (working configure file)�A �z�u�ݨ��o���n��A �æb Linux
�U��J "make" �K�i�ۦ�sö�A �٦��N�O���պA�ɦbnn6.5b3( nn6.5 �� beta
�� ) ��i�ϥΡC
�sö������A�i��U�C�B�J�G
* - ���� "inst" �R�O�H�w�˥������F��C
* - ��l�Ƹ�Ʈw�C
* - ���� nnmaster
������Ӹ`�A�z�����A��Ū�Hnn�ӨӪ����ɡC ���F�z������nnmaster�]�w
�bcrontab������Ӥ��O���b�I�����檺�u�@��(daemon)�~�A �b Linux ���sö
�A �]�w�P���� nn �M�b��L *nix �t�ΨõL���P�C ���~�p�G�z���է�
nnmaster �������I���Ӱ���A ���]�L�k���T���Q�X�ʡC
�]�w nn ������O�۷�²�檺�A�z�u�ݦb crontab ���[�J�H�U�ԭz�G
# run nnmaster to collect "nn" stuff
# (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
25 * * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/nnmaster
# expire the nn database
# (not needed if you use NOV from INN in nn-6.5beta3)
0 4 * * * /usenet/sw/nn/bin/nnadmin =EYW
# stash a copy of the active file for "nngoback" and keep last 7
0 3 * * * /usenet/sw/nn/lib/back_act 7
�ڴ��յۦb SLIP ��w�U�� nn �� NNTP-based �� newsreader �ϥιL�C �b�o
�ر��p�U�� config.h �ɮy���ק老�O���n���A �ӱz�i�H�b��ɮת����Ѥ�r
���o���Ӹ`����T�C �� nn �� NNTP-based ��newsreader �ϥήɡA nn �|
�b�v�� (local) ���� nnmaster�O���@����C���\Ū����Ʈw�A �]���A�b�v�ݿ�
�ܤ峹���ʧ@�|���L�n��ֳ\�h�C ( ��M�A�p�G�z�O�ϥ� modem �W silp �A
�@�ǦX�z�����ݮɶ����O�L�i�קK���C )
�s���� nn (6.5.x) ��M�]�䴩 INN �� NOV ��Ʈw�榡�A �B��z�ϥΦ��\���
�A �z�N�i�H�������� nnmaster �F�A �ڭӤH�j�P���˨ϥΦ��\��A �]���p���z
�N�i�H���ή��O cpu ���ɶ��h���� nnmaster �P���o��C���\Ū����Ʈw�A ��
��u���� news �峹�b���\��U�h�O�D�P�B�����o�C
5.4 ��L���s�D���{��
�U�C�O�@�ǥ�i�b Linux �U�ϥΡA�������Ϊ� newsreader�C
* tass
* xrn
* gnus
6. �P��
�P�¥H�U�ҦC���U���̡ͭA �L�̴��g���ѳ\�h�_�Q����T�P�g��A�� �U���g
�峹�������C
Ed Carp, Steve Robbins, Ian Taylor, Greg Naber, Matt Welsh, Iain Lea,
Arjan de Vet
�p�G��٧ѤF�֡A�ڹD�p�I
7. ��� USENET �g�`�Q�߰ݪ����D
7.1 ������ڤ���b moderated �����s�D�s�ձi�K�G�i
�b�dzƱi�K�ɡA �z�� newsreader �|�Ұ� /bin/mail �ӻ��e�l��A �p�G�z��
mail �{�������L���¡A ���� newsreader ���i�ण�|�@�ʦӾɭP���@���G�C
�p�G�O�o�˪��ܡA �ѨM���D�N�O���s�������ϥΡA �Ҧp���s�� Slackware
���� mailx-5.5.tar.z�A �B�z�i�H�� Slackware���� pkgtool �R�O�Ӧw�˨ó]
�w���C
�t�@�ӥi��ʫh�O���M�b�z���t�Τ����@ newsgroup �O�w���S���ި�
��(moderator)�A ���b���e�z�t�Ϊ��W��o�N�� newsgroup �w�����Һި�A
����]�\�z���峹�b�ި�� ( ���@�t�γn��A �ä��O�@�ӯu�����H) �B�N�Q�R
���F�C �z�i�H�b����� news.admin �e�F�����A ���� checkgroup �R�O
�ӽT�{�C
7.2 ����ڷ|���P permission ��������D�H
�]�����ӴN���� :-)
�ˬd�z�� permission �O�_���T�F �ˬd�b�z�O�_�b /etc/passwd �w�q���@�ӥs
news ���ϥΪ̡F �O�_�b /etc/group ���w���@�ӥs news ���s�աA �W�z���w�q
�ä��O Linux ���зDZb���A �ҥH�z�����ۦ�`�N�C
���F /usr/local/lib/news/setnewside �� uid �����O root �~�A �Ҧ��b
/usr/local/lib/news �l�ؿ��U�ɮת��֦��� (uid) �M���ݸs�� (gid) ������
�O news ( �Y news.news) �C
�z�i�H�Υ��ƭȧ@�� "news" �� UID �P GID�C
( Ķ��: �b�z install Slackware �ɡA �t�η|�۰���z���w�@�� GID�P UID �A
�@��ӻ��A�S���S���z�ѡA �ܤ֦��J�|�h�ק�o�Ǥ��w�ȡC)
7.3 ����ڱi�K���G�i�b���a�i�H�ݱo���A ���O�b���e���U��o�S���X�{�H
�]�\�O�]���z���b cron ���]�w���� newsrun �{���F �]�\�]���z�ۦ��ʭק�
�t��ɮסA �H�P�t�ζñ��F �]�\�O�z�ֱ��F /usr/spool/news/out.going�o��
�l�ؿ��άO���A �Ϊ̦��i��z�Ҩ��o���O "Performance" �� "Cleanup" ��
���� cnews �A �ӥ��ݭn�b cron ���]�w���� newsrun �Ӱ��妸�B�z�A ���e
news �ܨ�L���x�A �άO�b�w����ܤ��C
�d�U���n���դ�ʥh�ק�[�J active �ɮשΨt��ɮסA ���T����k�O�ϥΦb
/usr/local/lib/news/bin/maint �U�����ε{���ӧ����o�ǰʧ@�C
7.4 ������ڪ��i���檩�����S�� nntp �H
���F�n�b Linux �t�ΤU�䴩 plug-n-play �A �åB�קK SLS �� news �t�Φ]�n
�P�ɨ㦳 nntp �M non-nntp ������ newsreader �P�ǿ�{�� (news transport
programs) �ӾɭP��Өt�Ϊ��L�j�C
7.5 �b�� expire �ɡA��������٦��ܦh���x�s�Ŷ��A�i�O�����M�i�D�ڻ��u�Ŷ������v
�O�H
�]���t��Ū���� /etc/mtab �ɡC �O�o���ɪ� mode �w�� 644 �C �o�ر��p�`
�|�o�ͦb�z�Hroot�������h umount�@��filesystem��(umask)�A �o�өR�O�|�ɭP
�ݩ� root ���ɮL�k�Q��L�ϥΪ�Ū���Ӳ��ͦ����~�C ( Ķ��: �{�b�t�@�ӳ�
�`�o�ͪ����p�h�O inode �Ƥ����A ��ij���ѨM���D�O�b�[�c�t�ήɿ�ܸ��h��
inode �A �p 1024bytes/inode �C �ר�O /var/spool/news/tw/bbs��
�A*sign*)
7.6 ������C�˳��ݰ_�ӫܥ��`�A�i�O�o����i�K�G�i�O�H
�n���ª��� Linux �b�˳] cnews �ɳ��ܮe�������@���D (blow up) �C �ר�O
��z�b�@���ª��� SLS �W�˳]�ɡA �z�@�w�n�ˬd /bin �M/usr/bin �A �T�{�z
�u���@�M�̷s���� news �C
�]���b 1993 �~�G�� "Performance Release" �H�e�������A �z�������bcron ��
�g���ʦa�Ұ� newsrun�H����Y�ǵ{�ǡC �ӳo���O�ܦh�H�`�`�����D���C
7.7 �ڥi�H�N�s�� news overview( NOV) ��i trn/tin/nn ���A�H�N���U�ؤ��P����Ʈw
�ܡH
�O���Atrn, tin �� nn �� beta ���{�b���w�g�䴩�o���\��F�C
�z�i�H��s�� news overview(NOV) ��J "Performance Release" "Cleanup
Release"�� cnews �A �άO��L���s�DŪ���{���C �ڲ{�b��W���� nn6.5��
beta ���]�䴩 NOV �榡�A �ӥB�b Linux �U�]�u�@���ܦn�A ���{�b�i�H�Q����
�ӵL���A�] nnmaster �C �z�i�H�b uniwa.uwa.edu.au ���o�Ӫ����� nn �C
7.8 ����S���i���檩���� NNTP �H
�]���z�����w�q�\�h�b�v�ݨt�ΩҿW������T�A �ӳo�dz]�w�O�L�k�b����ɥѵ{
���۰���z�]�w���C �p�G�A�n���o�بơA �Х�INN�Ӥ��n��Cnews �[ NNTP�C
7.9 �p��]�w NNTP�A�i�H���\�z�L���hŪ�αi�K�G�i�A�Ӧb���a���n�x�s��峹��
�O��Ʈw�H
(
[email protected] (Matt Welsh) )
* 1) ���onntp ��"reference implementation" �M rn�n�� �z�i�H��
ftp.uu.net:/networking/news/nntp�U���o nntp.1.5.11.tar.Z
* 2) �sö nntp �p�U:
���� common/conf.h.dist �� common/conf.h�C
�ק� common/conf.h �H�]�w�U�C�Ѽ�: �H�U���کҳ]�w��:
DOMAIN: ���w�q��(�N�O�N����אּ #undef DOMAIN).
REALDOMAIN: ���w�q�A���|�Q��libraries�j�Mdomain�C
SERVER_FILE: �]�w���w�q���z news ���A�� ( �N�O�zŪ�ζK news �����@
�x�D�� ) �D���W�� (hostname) ���ɮצW�١A�ڨϥΪ���|�W �M�ɮצW��
"/usr/local/lib/news/server"
PASSFILE: �p�G�z��news���A���ݭn�Q���v(�Y��username/password) �~��
�i�K�G�i�A����⦹���ѼƳ]���t����username/password ���ɮסA�ڨϥ�
����|�W�M�ɮצW�� "/usr/local/lib/news/nntppass" �C
�p�G�z�M�w�n��Ҧ� news ������ɮm�� /usr/local/liib/news���ؿ��U
�A �N��L�ݭn�w���|�W�٪��a��(ACTIVE_FILE, NEWSGROUPS_FILE...
etc) ���w�� /usr/local/lib/news �C �o�䤤���ܦh�O�]�w�� NNTP
server �Ϊ� ( �D client) �A�����F�w���p�A �ڧ⥦�̥������ܫ��V���T
����m�A�z�� �M�i�H�ϥΤ��w����|�W�A���L�n���T�w�z���ӹ����l�ؿ�
�C
3) �إߤ@�ӨϥΪ̥s "usenet" �C inews ���n��|�ݭn�H�o�� user�Ӱ���
�C ���L�z�]�u�ݭn�o�@�� userid �A�z���ݭn�t���� userid �p�l�ؿ�
(homedirectory) �άO��L���F��C �b�������A�Ҧ��z���ݧ@���N�O�b
/etc/passwd ���ɮפU�[�J�U�C�o�@��
usenet:*:13:1::/:
�T�w�z�� userid �O�ߤ@�� ( �W�z�O 13) �C group �i�H�w���O��L ���F
��A�b�o�̧کw�� "daemon"(gid 1) �C
* 4) �إߤW�z��SERVER_FILE�A�Ҧp���ڪ�news���A���W�٬�
"wonton.tc.cornell.edu" �A ����ڴN�����b
/usr/local/lib/news/server ���[�J�U��:
wonton.tc.cornell.edu
* 5) �إ�PASSFILE�C�榡�p�U:
<server name> <username> <password>
�A�|�һ����A�p�G�z��news���A���W�٬� shoop.vpizza.com�A �Ӧb������
�W�i�K�G�i���ݭn�Q���v�� news(password=floof)�~�i�H�A ����z�N����
�b /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass �U�[�J:
shoop.vpizza.com news floof
* 6) inews �O�H "usenet" �� id �b���檺�A�ҥH���F�w������ news �� ��
���M nntppass �ɮ����Ҧ��̩w���O usenet �C
chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news
chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/news
chown usenet /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
chmod 600 /usr/local/lib/news/nntppass
�p�G�o�˧@�A�N�S���H��Ū��o��ɮפF��?��!�b�ɮפ����K�X�å��Q�s�K
�C
* 7) �^�� nntp1.5.11 ���ؿ����A�U�F "make client" ���R�O�A �M��z�N�i
�H�o�� NNTP ���� inews�A�o�O NNTP client �W�i�ϥΪ��ߤ@�n��C ���
�� inews �ɡA�ڵo�{�禡�w�����@�ӿ��~�|�ϱo�b uname.c �����禡
uname() �|�����a�ۤv�I�s�ۤw�C�p�G�z�o�{�z�� inews �ݰ_�Ӧn�����F
�A�B�z���t�Ω���a�ܺC�A����z�̦n�s��@�U uname.c �ɡA �� uname()
�令�� my_uname() ������W�r�A �åB�� inews.c ���I�s�������]�令
my_uname() �C �p�G�z�]�J��p�˪����D ���ܡA�бz�H�@�� mail ����
(Matt) �C
* 8) �U�F�R�O "make install_client" �C�o�˦w�� inews ���ɮר�z���t��
���C �åB�s��/usr/local/lib/news/inews�� /usr/local/bin/inews �M��
�z���ӴN�i�H�}�l�i�K�G�i�F(���)�A�z�i�H�ոդU�z��:
$ inews -h << EOF
Newsgroups: misc.test
From:
[email protected]
Subject: Testing
Reply-To:
[email protected]
This is a test.
EOF
�p�G���\�A inews �|��峹�K�W�C�ӥB�z�|���D�A �]�� misc.test��
test-responders �|�^�H��W�z�� Reply-To ����}�C ���n�b��L���O��
�W�i�K���ժ��峹(�ҦpAmerican On Line)�C
References
1. mailto:
[email protected]
2. mailto:
[email protected]