Kernel HOWTO ����
�@��: Brian Ward [1]
[email protected]
��: [2]C.W.Huang & [3]Asd L. Chen
v0.80, 26 May 1997. ½Ķ��: 25-29 August 1997
_________________________________________________________________
�o�O�@�����p��t�m�B�sĶ�B�ɯŮ֤ߥH�α���ѯɪ��Բӫ��ޡD
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1. ²��
* 1.1 �Х��ݦ�!
* 1.2 �峹���满��
2. ���n���D�P�ѵ�
* 2.1 ���ޫ��ˡA�֤ߨ쩳�O������?
* 2.2 �ڬ�����n��s�֤�?
* 2.3 ���s���֤ߤ䴩���ǵw��?
* 2.4 �ڻݭn���Ӫ����� gcc �άO libc ?
* 2.5 ����O�i���J�Ҳ�?
* 2.6 �ڻݭn�h�j���ϺЪŶ�?
* 2.7 �o�ݭn�h�[���ɶ�?
3. �p��u���i��֤ߪ��t�m?
* 3.1 ���o��l�{���X
* 3.2 �Ѷ}��l�{���X���]��
* 3.3 �t�m�֤�
* 3.4 �{�b�O? (The Makefile)
4. �sĶ�֤�
* 4.1 �M���P�T�{
* 4.2 �sĶ�ɴ�
* 4.3 ��L�i�H``make''���F��
* 4.4 �w�ˮ֤�
5. �ɮ֤�
* 5.1 �ϥέ��
* 5.2 �p�G�����~�o��
* 5.3 �屼 .orig �ɮ�
* 5.4 �䥦�����
6. ���[���M��
* 6.1 kbd
* 6.2 util-linux
* 6.3 hdparm
* 6.4 gpm
7. �@�dz���
* 7.1 make clean
* 7.2 ���j�νw�C���֤�
* 7.3 �֤ߵL�k�sĶ
* 7.4 �s�����֤ߦ��G����Ұ�
* 7.5 �A�ѤF���� LILO�A�Ψt�ήڥ�����Ұ�
* 7.6 �t��� `warning: bdflush not running'
* 7.7 �t�λ� undefined symbols �ӥB�L�k�sĶ
* 7.8 �L�k��ڪ� IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM ���`�u�@
* 7.9 �t�������� obsolete routing requests ���_�ǰT��
* 7.10 ������\��L�k�b 1.2.0 �W�u�@
* 7.11 ``Not a compressed kernel Image file'' (�D���Y�֤߬M����)
* 7.12 �ɯŦ� 1.3.x ��b����x�ݾ��W�����D
* 7.13 �֤ߤɯū��G�L�k�sĶ�F��
* 7.14 �W�[�W��
8. �ɯŦ� 2.0.x ���`�N�ƶ�
9. �i���J�Ҳ�
* 9.1 �w�˼Ҳդu��
* 9.2 �P�֤ߵo�檺�Ҳ�
10. �䥦�t�m�ﶵ
* 10.1 General setup (�@��]�w)
* 10.2 Networking options (���ﶵ)
11. ���Z�M�ޥ�
* 11.1 ���� make �άO patch ���O����X
* 11.2 �����֤ߦw��
* 11.3 �֤ߧ�s
12. �䥦�i�������Ϊ� HOWTOs
13. ���
* 13.1 �@��
* 13.2 �w�w�ؼ�
* 13.3 �^�m��
* 13.4 ���v�n���A�\�i�A�Ѧp�����
_________________________________________________________________
1. ²��
�A�O�_�ݭn�\Ū�o�����? �p�G�A���U�C���g�����@���ܡA�O���G
* ``�u�r�I�o�M wizzo-46.5.6 �n�黡���ݭn 1.8.193 �����֤ߡA�ӧګo���M
�u�� 1.0.9 ���I''
* ��s���֤ߤ��@�ح����A���n�ݭn���@�ӳ]���X�ʵ{���D
* �A���p��sĶ�֤߯u���@�L�Ҫ��D
* ``�b README �ɮ̭��u���N�O��������ƤF��?''
* �A�ӡA�A�աA���٬O���ʡD
* �A�ݭn�Y�Ƶ����@���n�D�A���L�̦w�ˮ֤ߪ��H�̡D
1.1 �Х��ݦ�!
�o������Y�ǽd�Ұ��]�A�� GNU tar�Afind �H�� xargs�D �o�ǬO Linux �M
��̪��зǤu��A���Ӥ��O���D�D ��]���]�A���D�A�t�Ϊ��ɮרt�ά[�c�A
�p�G�A�ä����D�A�̦n���ּg�U�@�� mount ���O�b�t�Υ��`�B�@�U�A����ܪ���
�G�@���Ѧ�(�Ϊ̬O�@�� /etc/fstab ���C��A�p�G�A���ݱo��)�D �o�Ǹ�T��
���n�A�ӥB�A���D�A���s���ΩΥ[�J�s���ϺСA���s�w�˧A���t�ΥH�ΰ��Ѧp��
����ާ@�A�_�h���̤��|�ܰʡD
����g�@�ɳ̷s``���~''���֤ߪ������X�O 2.0.30�A�]�N�O�����媺�ѦҤΨҤl
�O����Ӫ������D ���M�ڹ�����o�g�峹���q���L��A�֤߫o���_�a�b�o
�i���D �]���p�G�A���o�@�s�������A�����i�קK�a�|���@�Ǥ��P�D ��M�A�o��
�Ӥ��|�y���j���D�A�����i��|�s�y�@�DzV�c�D
����ت����� Linux �֤߭�l�X�A``���~'' �P ``�o�i��'' ���D ���~�����q
1.0.x �}�l�ӥB�ثe�O�H���ƽs���o��; 1.0.x �O���~�A1.2.x �O���~�A
2.0.x �]�O�D�o�Ǫ������Ӥ�í�w�A�b�o��ɬO�S������(bug)�������D �o�i
�����֤� (1.1.x, 1.3.x ����) �O�@�����եΪ��A�����ǷQ�n���ճ̷s�ӥB�i��
���\�h���Ϊ��H�Ϊ��D �w�gĵ�i�L�A�F�D
1.2 �峹���满��
�ݰ_�ӹ��o�� text ����r�Ϊ̬O�Y�˱N�X�{�A���ù��W���F��A�@��ɦW�A ��
�O�Y�˥i�Q������J���F��A���O�R�O�A�ΩR�O���ﶵ(�p�G�A�ݪ��O�¤�r�ɮ�
�A���ݰ_�ӨS���P)�D �R�O�P�䥦����J�g�`�Q�ذ_��(��` ')�A�o�g�`�ް_
�嫬�����I�Ÿ����D: �p�G�o�˪����إX�{�b�y�l���̫᭱�A�H�̮ɱ`�|�b�R�O
�᭱�[�W�@�y�� `.'�A �]������H�����ߺD�N�y����J���̭��D �Y�ϥα`
��(�Ӥ������O�A�o���]�F�֦���``�`��''���H�O�ߺD��ꦡ����)�Q�]���D
�����N�o���I�h���A���ܦh�H�`�O�ѰO�D �ҥH�b�����ΤU�ڱN�y����b���~�Y
�D���y�ܻ��A��ڥs�A�n�� ``make config'' �ɡA �ڷ|�g `make config'�A��
���O `make config.'�D
2. ���n���D�P�ѵ�
2.1 ���ޫ��ˡA�֤ߨ쩳�O������?
�b Unix �t�Τ��A���O�A���{���P�w�骺�@�ӥ��̡D �����A�����Ҧ����椤��
�{��(�{��)���O����z�A �åB�T�O���̳�������(�Τ������A�p�G�A�@�N)��
���ɳB�z�����B��귽�D ���~�A���ٴ��ѤF�@�Ө}�n���������责�쪺�{����
�z�L���P�A���w�鷾�q�D
���֤ߩҳB�z���u�@��o�٭n�����@�ǡA���L�o�ǰ��\��O�̥��n���D
���D
2.2 �ڬ�����n��s�֤�?
��s���֤ߤ@��ӻ��|���ѧ�j����O�ӻP��h�ة_�_�ǩǪ��w�鷾�q(�]�N�O
���A���֦̾���h���]���X�ʵ{��)�A ���̯�����n����{�z�A���̯���
�檺���ª������IJv�A���̥i����ª������Ӫ���í�w�A�ӥB���̭ץ��F��
���̪��@�ǿ��~�D �j�������H�O�]���L�̻ݭn���Ƿs���]���X�ʵ{���H�ο��~��
���������ӧ�s�֤ߡD
2.3 ���s���֤ߤ䴩���ǵw��?
�Ь� [4]Hardware-HOWTO ���D �t�@�Ӥ�k�O�A�A�i�H�d�� Linux ��l�{���X
���� `config.in' �ɡA �Ϊ̴N�b��A�յۥh `make config' �ɧ�X�ӡD
`make config' �N�|��A�ݨ�зǪ��֤߭�l�{���X�䴩���Ҧ��w��A���o�ä�
�O Linux �Ҥ䴩�������w��F �\�h���q���]���X�ʵ{��(���O PCMCIA �X�ʵ{��
�H�άY�Ǻϱa�����X�ʵ{��)�O�ӧO���@�εo�檺�i���J�ҲաD
2.4 �ڻݭn���Ӫ����� gcc �άO libc ?
Linus ��o�Ӱ��D����ij��b Linux ��l�{���� README �ɮ��Y�D �p�G�A�S
���Ӫ����άO��s�������A�s���� gcc ���ӷ|�i�D�A�O�_�ݭn��s libc ������
�D �o��Ӿާ@�����|��������D�A�u�n�ӵۻ������N�i�H�F�D
2.5 ����O�i���J�Ҳ�?
���̬O�֤ߪ��@����(�q�`�O�]���X�ʵ{��)�A���O�èS���sĶ��֤߸̭��h�D ��
�̳Q���O�sĶ�A�M��X�G�i�H�b���ɭԱN���̴��J�B�@�����֤ߩαq�����X�D
�ѩ��K�Q�ʡA�o�w�g�����@�ؼW�[�F���֤߸̥h�����n�覡�D �\�h�`�Ϊ�
�]���X�ʵ{���A�Ҧp PCMCIA �X�ʵ{���H�� QIC-80/40 �ϱa�����X�ʵ{���N�O�i
���J�ҲաD
2.6 �ڻݭn�h�j���ϺЪŶ�?
�o�P�A�t�Ϊ��S��t�m����D�����A���Y�L�᪺ Linux ��l�{���X�b 2.0.10 ��
�ɬ��� 6 MB�D �\�h���x�b����Y�ᤴ�|�O�d�@���D����Y�H��o�N������ 24
MB�D ���o�٤��O���� �w �A�N�|�ݭn��h���ϺЪŶ��ӹ�ڽsĶ�o�ǪF��D �o
�P�A�t�m�h�֪F���A���֤߸�Y�h����D�Ҧp�A�b�Y�������W�A�ڦ����
�A3Com 3C503 ���X�ʵ{���A �åB�t�m�F�T��ɮרt�ΡA�ӳo�����@�ݭn 30 MB
�D�[�W���Y�L�� linux ��l�{���X�A�o�Ӱt�m�j���ݭn�α��A 36MB �D �b�t�~
�@�Өt�ΤW�A���ݭn�䴩���]��(�����M�ݭn�䴩���)�A�[�W���ĥd�A���G�Y
����h�Ŷ��D �٦��A�@�ӷs�������֤ߴX�G�`�O���ª���������j���Ŷ��D ��
�H�A�@��ӻ��A�p�G�A���\�h�صw��]�ƪ��ܡA�T�w�A���������w�ЪŶ��Ӯe��
�o�Ӱt�m�D (�H���骺����ӻ��A���x�s�Ŷ������D�ڤ��ण��ij�A�A�R�@�x
�Ϻо��D)
2.7 �o�ݭn�h�[���ɶ�?
��j�������H�Ө��A���O``�ܤ[''�D�A���B�z���t�צ��h�֡A�H�ΧA�֦����O
����ƶq���h�ֱN�O�M�w�һݮɶ����D�n�]���A ���O�A�b��h�֪F��t�m��֤�
��Y�h�o�譱�٬O�i�H���I�V�O�D �b�@�x�� 16 MB �O���骺 486DX4-100 �q��
�W�A�@�Ӧ�����ɮרt�ΡB�䴩���B�H�έ��ĥd�X�ʵ{���� 1.2 ���֤ߥi�H�b
�G�Q����H�������D ������t�m�A�b�@�x 386DX/40(8 MB �O����)�W�j���ݭn�n
1.5 �Ӥp�ɡD �b�sĶ�֤߮ɳq�`�@�Ǧn����ij�O�h�ܤ@�I�@�ءA���I�q���A´��
��u�A�Υ��A���w���ơD �p�G�A�������u���ܺC���ܧA�]�Ӵ��x���֪������D
3. �p��u���i��֤ߪ��t�m?
3.1 ���o��l�{���X
�A�i�H�g�ѰΦW ftp ���q ftp.funet.fi �� [5]/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus�A ��
�O�䥦 MIRROR �����o�D([Ķ��] �x�W�i�q [6]ftp.edu.tw ���o�D) �ɮצW�٤@
��O�H�аO�� linux-x.y.z.tar.gz ���N��A�䤤�� x.y.z �O�����s���D ���s
��(��n��?)�����H�έ�ɤ@��O��b��� `v1.1' �H�� `v1.2' �o�˪��l�ؿ�
�U�D �Ʀr�̤j���O�̷s�������A�ӥB�q�`�O``���ժ�''�A�]�N�O���p�G�A��
beta �� alpha ���P�줣�w���ܡA�A���Ӱ��d�b�D�n���o�檩���W�D
�j�P��ij�A�h�� mirror �� ftp �`�I�A�Ӥ��n������ ftp.funet.fi �h! ���U�O
�@�� mirrors �H�Ψ�L�`�I��²�n�C��:
USA: sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel
USA: tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/sources/system
UK: sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk:/pub/unix/Linux/sunsite.unc-mirror/kernel
Austria: ftp.univie.ac.at:/systems/linux/sunsite/kernel
Germany: ftp.Germany.EU.net:/pub/os/Linux/Local.EUnet/Kernel/Linus
Germany: sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus
France: ftp.ibp.fr:/pub/linux/sources/system/patches
Australia: sunsite.anu.edu.au:/pub/linux/kernel
�@��ӻ��Asunsite.unc.edu �� mirror ���O�ܦn�䪺�D �ɮ�
/pub/Linux/MIRRORS �]�t�F�w���� mirror �`�I�D �p�G�A�S����k�W ftp �A��
�Ӧs�� linux �� BBS �t�ΦC��|�w���Z�n�b comp.os.linux.announce �W�A��
�ۨ쨺��h��@�U�D
�p�G�A�Q�M��@�몺 Linux ��T�P�M��A�h [7]
http://www.linux.org/�D
3.2 �Ѷ}��l�{���X���]��
�T�w�A�O�H`root'������ñ�J�A�M�� cd �� /usr/src�D �p�G�A�w�� Linux �ɤw
�g�w�ˤF�֤߭�l�{���X�A�b�o�ӥؿ����U���Ӥw�g�s�b�@�ӥs�� `linux' ���l
�ؿ��D �o�O�ª��� linux ��l�{���X�D�p�G�A�٦��ϺЪŶ��ӥB�Q�n���o�w��
�@�I�A����A�|�Q�n�O�d�o�Ӥl�ؿ����D ���Ӧn�D�N�O�ھڧA�ثe�ϥΪ��֤ߪ�
���ӭק�o�Ӥl�ؿ����W�١D `uname -r' �o�ӫ��O�N�|�i�D�A�ثe���֤ߪ���
�D �ҥH�A�p�G `uname -r' ��� `1.0.9'�A�A�N�i�H�� `linux' ��W(��
`mv')�� `linux-1.0.9'�D �p�G�A�O�Ӿ|�������H�A���N������o�Ӥl�ؿ��M��
���D �L�O���@�ر��p�A�ϥ��u�n�T�w�b�Ѷ}��������l�{���X���e
�A/usr/src �ؿ��U�S�� `linux' �o�Ӥl�ؿ��N��F�D
�b /usr/src �ؿ��U�A�� `tar zxpvf linux-x.y.z.tar.gz' �ӸѶ}��l�{���X
���]�� (�p�G�A���쪺�O .tar ���ɮסA�᭱�S���[�W .gz�A���N�� `tar xpvf
linux-x.y.z.tar')�D �A�N�|�ݨ��l�{�������e���u�ӹL�D�������H��A�b
/usr/src �N�|�X�{�@�ӷs�� `linux' �l�ؿ��D cd �� linux �ؿ��U�M��d��
README �ɡA �̭����ӷ|���@�q���D�� `INSTALLING the kernel' ���������r
�D �p�G�A���ܡA���̷ӻ����̪����� �w �إ߸Ӧ����Ÿ��쵲�A�����L�ɪ�
.o �ɮ������Ѧp������u�@�D
3.3 �t�m�֤�
�`�N�G�o�������e���ǬO���� Linus �� README �ɮפ���������`�Υ[�H�q�D
�b /usr/src/linux �U���� `make config' �o�өR�O�N�|�ҩl�@�ӫ��O�Z�A ��
�o�ӫ��O�Z�|�ݧA�U�ذ��D�D���ݭn bash �A�ҥH�n�T�w bash �O /bin/bash
�A/bin/sh �� $BASH�D
�٦��䥦�� `make config' ���覡�A�i��|ı�o��e���ϥΡD �墨�ǰ��� X
Window ���H�A�p�G���� Tk ���ܥi�H�յۥ� `make xconfig'�D `make
menuconfig' �O�����Ǧ��� (n)curses �ӥB���w��r�Ҧ���檺�H�Ϊ��D �o��
�ɭ����ө��㪺�n�B: �p�G�b�t�m�L�{���A���p�ߥǤF���A�i�H²��a�^�h�ץ�
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Kernel math emulation (�֤ߪ��ƾǹB����)
�p�G�A�S���ƾǻ��U�B��B�z��(�A�u���@�x��ª� 386 �� 486SX)�A����A�b
�o�̭n�^�� `y'�D�p�G�A�w�g���ƾǻ��U�B��B�z���o�٦^�� `y'�A ���]������
��� �w linux �٬O�|�h�ϥΥ��ө������֤ߪ�����{���D �ߤ@���v�T�O�sĶ�X
�Ӫ��֤��ܤj�F(�α���h���O����)�D ��ť���ƾǹB²����ܺC; ���M�M���`�L
�Ӥj��Y�A�٬O���Ӫ`�N�o�� X Window �t�Ϊ��IJv�|���ܤj�v�T�D
Normal (MFM/RLL) disk and IDE disk/cdrom support (�зǵw�Ф䴩)
�A�b�o�̮t���h���o�^�� `y'�D���N���N��O�֤߱N�|�䴩�зǪ� PC �w�СA
�Ҧp�j�h�ƤH�ϥΪ� IDE �ɭ��w�СD�o���]�A SCSI �]�ƪ��䴩; �o�N�b�᭱�]
�w�D
�M��A�|�Q�ݨ���� ``old disk-only'' �P ``new IDE'' �X�ʵ{�����ơD �A��
�Ө�̿�@; �D�n���t�O�O�ª��X�ʵ{���u�䴩��@�ɭ��ⳡ�Ϻо��A �ӷs���X
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Filesystems (�ɮרt��)
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MS-DOS �榡�ƪ��n�Ф����i�Ӫ��ܡA�^�� `y'�D
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System V and Coherent �w �o�O�� System V �H�� Coherent �t�Ϊ����ΰϦӳ]
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blah# mount
/dev/hda1 on / type ext2 (defaults)
/dev/hda3 on /usr type ext2 (defaults)
none on /proc type proc (defaults)
/dev/fd0 on /mnt type msdos (defaults)
�J�ӬݬݨC�@��F�b `type' �᭱�����Ӧr�N�O�ɮרt�Ϊ��榡�D �b�o�ӨҤl��
�A�ڪ� / �M /usr ���ΰϬO second extended �榡�A �ڨϥΤF /proc �A�ӥB
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�p�G�A���ϥ� /proc�A�i�H�ո� `cat /proc/filesystems'�D ���|���A�@���ثe
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Character devices (�r���]��)
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��(�j�������O���q���ϥΤ��ت� PS/2 �ƹ�)�A �H�Τ@�Ǻϱa���X�ʵ{���A�H��
�䥦��``�r��''�]�ơD���X�A���ﶵ�ɡA�^�� `y'�D
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�x�����ŶK���ʧ@�D �p�G�A����C�ƹ����ܡA�o�u���ܴΡA�]�����P X window
���������q�}�n�A ���L�p�G�A�Ψ䥦������ƹ��N�ݭn�I�ޥ��F�DSelection ��
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�`�N�G: Selection �{�b�w�g�L�ɤF�D�{�b�s���{���W�s ``gpm''�D ���వ��
�_���ơA���O�ഫ�ƹ���w�A�B�z�h���ƹ����K�K
Sound card (���ĥd)
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���øԲӸ߰ݧA�Ҧ���ĥd�����D�D (�`�N: ���ݧA�O�_�w�˧��㪩����
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�G�A�����ĥd�ڱj�P��ij�ݤ@�U [11]Sound-HOWTO �H���D��h���Ӹ`�D
�䥦�t�m�ﶵ
�S���N�Ҧ����ﶵ���C�X�ӡA�]�����Ǹg�`���ܡA�άO�۷�۩���(�Ҧp 3Com
3C509 support �N�O�sĶ�o�دS�O�A�Ӻ��d���X�ʵ{��)�A ���@�ӤQ���e���z
�Ѫ��Ҧ��ﶵ�C��(�]�A�N���̩�� Configure ���O�Z����k)�i�b�o�� URL ��
��(�� Axel Boldt [12]
[email protected] �Ҧ���):
[13]
http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/config_help.html
�θg�ѰΦW FTP ��:
[14]
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/config/krnl_cnfg_hlp.x.y
z.tgz
�䤤 x.yz �O�������X�D
���Ӫ��֤ߤ�(2.0.x �Ψ�᪺)�A�o�w�Q��X���l�{���X���D
Kernel hacking
>�o�O�q Linus �� README �̺K�����G
``kernel hacking'' �t�m���Ӹ`�q�`�|���ͤ@�ӧ�j�άO��C���֤�(�Ϊ̬O�S
�j�S�C)�A �ӥB�i��]���N�@�DZ`���t�m���ܬ��D�a�h���դ��_�@�Ǥ��}���{��
�X�H�K��X�֤߸̪����D�] kmalloc() �^�A �Өϱo�֤��ܱo���í�w�D�ҥH
�n���ͤ@�Ӯ֤�``���~''���ܡA�A�b�o����Ӧ^�� `n'�D
3.4 �{�b�O? (The Makefile)
�b�A���� make config ����A���ӷ|���@�ӰT���i�D�A�֤ߤw�g�t�m�n�F�A �H
�έn�A�h``check the top-level Makefile for additional configuration''
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�ҥH�d�ݤ@�U Makefile�D�A���Ӥ������ܥ��A���O�ݬݵL���D �@���s�֤ߧ���
�A�A�]�i�H�� `rdev' ���O�ӧ��ܨ䤤���ﶵ�D
4. �sĶ�֤�
4.1 �M���P�T�{
��ΨӶi��t�m�����O�Z���槹���ɡA���|�i�D�A�h `make dep' �H�� `clean'
�D �ҥH�n����`make dep'�D�o�N�T�O�Ҧ����ۨ���Y�A�Ҧp include files ��
�S���D�D ���D�A���q���u���ܺC�A�_�h�����|��Ӥ[�ɶ����D ������A�b����
�������֤ߤ��A����Ӱ� `make clean'�D �o�|�M���֤߽sĶ���Ҧ��ت��ɥH��
�䥦�F��D�b���ؤ@�Ӯ֤ߤ��e���n�ѰO�o�ӨB�J�D
4.2 �sĶ�ɴ�
�b���� `make dep' �� `make clean' �u�@����A�A�{�b�i�H���� `make
zImage' �� `make zdisk' (�o�����ݭn���ɶ�)�D `make zImage' �N�|�sĶ�֤�
�A�åB�b arch/i386/boot �d���A�@�ӥs�� `zImage' ���ɮסD�o�N�O�s�����Y
�֤ߡD `make zdisk' �����Ƥ]�@�ˡA���O���|��֤ߩ��A�ҧƱ檺�Ϥ��h�A
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�ɭԷ|�۰ʱN�ۤv����Y�D
4.3 ��L�i�H``make''���F��
`make mrproper' �N�|����s�x�� `�M��' �u�@�D �o�Ӱʧ@���ɭԬO�������A��
�H�A�i��|�Ʊ�b�C���ɪ��ɭ��楦�D `make mrproper' �ٷ|�N�A���t�m��
�ױ����A�ҥH�p�G�A�{�������n������ӥ����@�ƥ�(�b .config)�D
`make oldconfig' �|���եѤ@�ª��t�m�ɮרӰt�m�A���֤ߡD���|���A����
`make config'�D �p�G�A�٥����sĶ�L�֤ߩΨS���ª��t�m�ɮסA����A�i�ण
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�Ѩ��i���J�Ҳդ@�`�� `make modules' �������D
4.4 �w�ˮ֤�
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�w�ˮ֤ߡA�M��復���� LILO�A�ϧA�����Ҧ��}�����dzơA ���O�o�u���b
LILO �w�g�H�U�C�o�ؤ覡�t�m�n���ɭԤ~�i�H�G�֤߬� /vmlinuz �A lilo �b
/sbin �U�A�ӥB�P�A�� LILO �t�m(/etc/lilo.conf)�@�P�D
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image = /vmlinuz
label = Linux
root = /dev/hda1
...
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�� zImage �����i�h(�Ҧp�A�p�G�A�� `/vmlinuz' ���ܡA�N���o�� `cp zImage
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�D���ܡA�d�� config.in.rej �o��ɮ̯d�U�Ǥ���T���D ���ק�L��������
�`�ӻ��|�b�C�@��}�l���a��ФW `+' �M `-'�D �d�ݦ��аO������X��A�M��
�O�o���̬O�]�� `y' �άO `n'�D �{�b�s�� config.in �ɡA�M��b�A���a ��
�� `y' �令 `n' �H�� `n' �令 `y'�D����
patch -p0 < config.in.rej
�p�G���\����(�S�����~)�A����A�N�i�H�~��t�m�P�s���u�@�D �o��
config.in.rej ��٬O�|�d�b���̡A���O�A�i�H�屼���D
�p�G�A���M�D�J�䥦���D�A����i��O�A�w�ˤF�@���l�a����ɡD �p�G
patch ��� `previously applied patch detected: Assume -R?'�A �A�i��ϥ�
�F�@�Ǥ�A�ثe�������s���٧C�����; �p�G�A�^�� `y'�A���|���ձN�A���{
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�D
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linux-x.x.x.tar.gz �ɮר䤤���@)�}�l�A�A���s����D
5.3 �屼 .orig �ɮ�
�u�n���L�X���ɥH��A���� .orig ���ɮױN�|�}�l��n�D �Ҧp�A�ڪ��@��
1.1.51 �����{���X�̫�@�����M���O�b 1.1.48 ���]�ڷQ�O�a�^�D �R���o��
.orig �ɮ|�`�ٳ\�h���ϺЪŶ��D
find . -name '*.orig' -exec rm -f {} ';'
�N�|���A�ӮƳo��ơD�Y�Ǫ����� patch �|�� ~ �ӥN�� .orig�D
���䥦��n������k�i�屼�o�� .orig �ɡA�N�O�Q�� GNU �� xargs:
find . -name '*.orig' | xargs rm
�άO��w���������o�۪���k:
find . -name '*.orig' -print0 | xargs --null rm --
5.4 �䥦�����
���@�Ǩä��O�� Linus �o�檺�䥦��ɥX�{(�ڱN�٤���``�D�зǪ�'')�D �p
�G�A�ϥΤF���̡ALinus ����ɥi��|�ӵL�k���T�a����A ����A���O�o�N��
��٭�N�O�o�]���ӥh�ק��l�{���X�άO��ɡD�o�Ӥu�@���Ǫ̳q�`�O��
�Q���A �ҥH�p�G�A���Q�h�ק��l�{���X(���G�q�`���j�n)�A�b�ϥ� Linus ��
��ɤ��e���٭�o�ǫD�зǪ���ɡA�έ��s�w�˷s���{���X�D �M��ոճo�D
�зǪ���ɯण��ΡD�p�G����ܡA����n���A�N�~��ϥ��ª��֤ߡA �յ�
�ק��ɨϨ��ΡA�n���N����(�i��O�^�D)�s���D�зǭ�ɥX�{�D
�D�зǪ���ɦ��h���M? �A���i�ി�gť�L���̡D�ڨϥ� Bill Paul �����{�{
��ɨӭק�ڪ�������x�A�]���ڰQ���|�{�{�����(�o�ӭ�ɸg�`���s��
�֤ߦӧ�s)�D �ѩ�j�������s���]���X�ʵ{�����w�g�Q�o�i���i���J�ҲէΦ�
�A�]���\�h�D�зǪ���ɪ����n�ʤw�v�����C�D
6. ���[���M��
�A�� Linux �֤ߦ��\�h�b��l�{���X�����̭��èS���������S�ʡF �o�ǯS�ʤ@
��O�g�ѥ~�Ӫ��n��ӧQ�ΡA�b�o�̦C�X�@�����̴��M���G
6.1 kbd
Linux ������x���ۤ�A�ү�Y���h���S��D�o�]�A�����r���A���s��M�A��
��L�A������ܼҦ�(���s�����֤�)����O�����D kbd �o�M�n��̦�����ϥ�
�̰��o�ǰʧ@���䴩�{���A�٥[�W�@�j�諸�r���H�δX�G���H�A�Υ���L���@
���L��M��D ���i�b��m�֤߭�l�X���P�@���x���D
6.2 util-linux
Rik Faith ( [15]
[email protected]) �����F�@�j�� Linux ���u��A�s��
util-linux�D �{�b�O�� Nicolai Langfeldt ( [16]
[email protected])
�Һ��@�D �i�q sunsite.unc.edu �� [17]/pub/Linux/system/misc ���o�D ���]
�A�F�� setterm�Ardev �H�� ctrlaltdel �P�֤ߦ�����u��D �N�� Rik �һ���
�A���n�Q�����Q�N�⥦�ˤW�h! �A���ݭn�w�˦��M���C�@�ӪF��A�ӥB�p�G
�A�o�˰����ܥi��|�ް_�Y�������D�D
6.3 hdparm
���ܦh�n��@�ˡA�o���g�O�@�Ӯ֤߭�ɤΨ�䴩�{���D �o�ǭ�ɳQ��J��
�~�֤ߤ��A�ӥΨӳ̨ΤƥH�νվA�A�w�Ъ��䴩�{���@��O���}�o�檺�D
6.4 gpm
gpm �O general purpose mouse ��²�g�D �o�ӵ{���i�H��A�ϥΤ��P�������
���b������x�����ŶK�A�H�ΰ��@�Ǩ䥦���Ʊ��D
7. �@�dz���
7.1 make clean
�p�G�A���s�֤߷|���@�ǯu���ܩ_�Ǫ��ơA���i��O�]���b�sĶ�֤߫e�A�ѤF��
�M�� make clean�D �g���q�A���֤ߤ����`�a�Y���_�Ǫ���X�J���D�A�@����
�i��������IJv�������@�Ө��A�i�H�O���ơD �̦n�]�n�T�w�A���� make dep
�D
7.2 ���j�νw�C���֤�
�p�G�A���֤ߦ��ΤF�j�q���O����A�Ϊ̥��u���O�ܤj�ܤj�A�]�Ϊ̬O�Y�ϥΧA
���s�� 786DX6/440 �ӽsĶ�o���ٹ��O�û��sĶ�������ܡA ���i��O�]���A
�t�m�F�Ӧh�����n���F��(�]���X�ʵ{���A�ɮרt�ε���)�D �p�G�A���|�Ψ�Y��
�F��A���N���n�t�m���A�]�����u���|���ΰO����D �֤߹L��s�~�̩��㪺�g��
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�n���O�Q�g���������«� Fujitsu Eagles �w�СA�ˬd�@�U�A���֤߰t�m�D
�A�i�H��X�A�����W�����O���骺�ƶq�A�M�� /proc/meminfo �̭���
``total mem'' �� `free' ���O�ұo���O����ƶq�ӱo���֤ߨϥΤF�h�ְO����
�D �A�]�i�H���� `dmesg' (�Ϊ̤]�i�H�d�ݮ֤ߪ��O���ɡA���@�w�b�|�A���t��
��)�D�ݰ_�ӴN���o�@��G
Memory: 15124k/16384k available (552k kernel code, 384k reserved, 324k
data)
�ڪ� 386 (�t�m�ܤ֩U��)��ܦp�U�G
Memory: 7000k/8192k available (496k kernel code, 384k reserved, 312k
data)
�p�G�A`����'�o��@�j���֤ߦ��t�Ϋo����A���A�A�i�H�ո� `make bzimage'�D
�A�i�ॲ���w�˷s���� LILO �Ӱ��o��ơD
7.3 �֤ߵL�k�sĶ
�p�G���S���Q�sĶ�A����i��O���ӭ�ɥ��ѤF�A�Ϊ̬O�A�q�Y�Ӧa�讳�쪺
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�ӡA�p�G�֤ߨS��sĶ�A�o��ܦb�Y�Ǧa�観�Y�������~�A���s�w�ˬY�Ǥu��i
��O�������D
�Ϊ̥i��A�� ELF �sĶ�� (gcc 2.6.3 �ΥH�᪺) �ӽsĶ 1.2.x ���֤ߡD �p�G
�sĶ�L�{���A�o��@�j�諸 xxxx undefined ���T���A�o�i��O�A�����D�D �ץ�
����k�j��������²��D�N�o�X��[�� arch/i386/Makefile ������:
arch/i386/Makefile:
AS=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/as
LD=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/ld -m i386linux
CC=gcc -b i486-linuxaout -D__KERNEL__ -I$(TOPDIR)/include
�M�᭫�s���� make dep �P zImage�D
�b�ּƱ��p�U�Agcc �i��|�ѩ�w����D�ӷ��D���~�T���|�� ``xxx exited
with signal 15'' ������A�ӥB�|�ݰ_�ӫܩ_�ǡD �ڥ��Ӥ��Q���o�I���A���L
�b�ڨ��W�]�o�L�@�� - �ڦ��@���a�� cache �O����A�sĶ���ɱ`�|�H���a��
���D �p�G�A�������D���ܥ��յۭ��s�w�� gcc�D�p�G�A�N�~�� cache ����A��
�֤@�� RAM ����֤ߴN�sĶ���\�F�A�A�j���u�|ı�o�i�áD
�i�D�H�̥L���w�馳���D�`�|�ϤH�x�Z�D���L�A�o���O�ڵo�����D �o�O�@��
FAQ -- �i�H�b [18]
http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/ ���E
7.4 �s�����֤ߦ��G����Ұ�
�A�S������ LILO �A�άO�S�����T���t�m���D���@���ڴ��g�I�쪺���D�O�X�b�t
�m�ɸ̡A �ڥΤF `boot = /dev/hda1' �Ӥ��O `boot = /dev/hda' (�o�b��}�l
�ɯu���O�ܰQ���A���O�@���A���F�@�ӥi�H�Ϊ��t�m�ɡA���Ӥ��ݭn�h�A�h����
��)�D
7.5 �A�ѤF���� LILO�A�Ψt�ήڥ�����Ұ�
���I�{�b�̦n����k�O�κϤ��ҰʡA�åB�dzƥt�@�i�i�H�Ұʪ��Ϥ�(���O`make
zdisk'�ɰ����Ϥ�)�D �A�o���D�A���ڥؿ�(/)�Ҧb�����ΰϥH�Υ�����
��(second extended, minix ����)�D �b�U�����Ҥl���A�A�]�o���D�A��
/usr/src/linux ��l�{���X�b���Ӥ��ΰϡA�����榡�A�H�Υ��@��|���b����D
�b�o�ӨҤl���A �ڥؿ� / �O /dev/hda1�A�ӫ��� /usr/src/linux �����ΰϬO
/dev/hda3�A�@��|���b /usr �U�D ���̳��O second extended �ɮרt�ΡD�i�H
�B�@���֤߬M���s�� zImage �A��b /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot ���U�D
�o�ӥD�N�O�o�˪��A���Y���@�ӥi�H�B�@���֤߬M���s�� zImage�A�i��i�H�⥦
�Φb�s���Ϥ��W�D �t�~�@�Ӥ��@�w�|��n���ܳq��k(�o��A���t�Ϋ��զ���
���)�b�����o�ӨҤl����|�Q�ר�D
�����A�q boot/root �Ϥ��Ϊ̬O��ϺϤ��}���A�M��N�����i�B�@�֤ߪ����ΰ�
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mkdir /mnt
mount -t ext2 /dev/hda3 /mnt
�p�G mkdir ���O��ܸӥؿ��w�g�s�b�A�����������z�|���D �{�b�Acd �����i
�B�@�֤ߪ��a��D�`�N:
/mnt + /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot - /usr = /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot
��@�i�榡�ƹL���Ϥ���i ``A:'' �Ϻо�(�T�w���O�A�� boot/root �Ϥ�!)�A
��M���ɶɭ˨�Ϥ��̥h�A�M��t�m�A���ڥؿ����ΰ�:
cd /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot
dd if=zImage of=/dev/fd0
rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/hda1
cd ��ڥؿ� / �åB���U�з� /usr ���ΰ�:
cd /
umount /mnt
�A�{�b���ӥi�H�q�o�i�Ϥ����`���}���F�D�b�o���}���ᤣ�n�ѰO���� lilo (��
�O�䥦�A���g�����������)!
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�H�B�@���֤ߦb��b / (�Ҧp /vmlinuz)�A�A�]�i�H�ϥΥ��D ���w�Ҧ�������
��W�����Ҥl�@�ˡA�ӧڪ��֤߬M���O /vmlinuz�A�u�n��W�����Ҥl���o�ǧ�
��: �� /dev/hda3 �令 /dev/hda1 (/ ���ΰ�)�A �� /mnt/src/linux �令
/mnt�A�åB�� if=zImage �令 if=vmlinuz�D �ܩ�e������`�N�p��ɥX
/mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot �����ӳ����i�H�����D
�N LILO �ϥΦb�j���w�ФW(�W�L 1024 �ϬW)�i��|�����D�D �аѨ� LILO
mini-HOWTO �Ψ䥦������D
7.6 �t��� `warning: bdflush not running'
�o�i�H��O�@�Ӭ۷��Y�������D�D�q 1.0 ���H�᪺�֤߶}�l(�j���O�b 1994 �~
�|��G�Q�饪�k)�A ���ӷ|�g���ʦa��s�ɮרt�νw�İϪ��{���s�� `update'
�Q�ɯũΨ��N���F�D ���o `bdflush' ����l�{���X(�A���ӥi�H�q�A���o�֤ߪ�
�a����)�A �M��sĶ��(�A�i��|�Ʊ�b�ª����֤ߤU����sĶ�Φw��)�D ���|
�H `update' ���W�w�˥��ۤv�åB�b���}���H��A�s�֤���ӷ|�B�@�}�n�D
7.7 �t�λ� undefined symbols �ӥB�L�k�sĶ
�A�i��@ ELF �sĶ��(gcc 2.6.3 �ΥH�᪺)�ӥB�O 1.2.x (�Χ�)�֤߭�
�l�X�D �@��ץ�����k�O�N�o�X��[�� arch/i386/Makefile ������:
AS=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/as
LD=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/ld -m i386linux
CC=gcc -b i486-linuxaout -D__KERNEL__ -I$(TOPDIR)/include
�o�|�H a.out �{���w�ӽsĶ 1.2.x �֤ߡD
7.8 �L�k��ڪ� IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM ���`�u�@
�ܩ_�ǡA�@�j��H�L�k��L�̪� ATAPI ���о��u�@�A�i��O�]�����Ӧh�Ʈe���X
���D
�A�����о��O�b�@�S�O IDE �ɭ��W���ߤ@�]�ơA�������Q�վ㬰 ``master'' ��
``single''�D �o�i��O�̱`�������~�D
Creative Labs �{�b�N IDE �ɭ����L�̭��ĥd�̡D �M�ӡA�o�N�ɭP�@�Ӧ���
�����D�A���M���ǤH�u���@�� IDE �ɭ��A�\�h�H�b�D���O�W����Ӥ��ت� IDE
�ɭ�(�q�`�b IRQ15)�A �]���@�ѨM����k�O�N�n�Q�d���ɭ��զ��ĤT�� IDE (��
�H�i�D�ڬO IRQ11)�D
�o�b 1.2.x �� Linux �֤ߤW�|�����D�A�]�������䴩�ĤT�� IDE �ɭ�(�q
1.3.x �t�C�w�}�l�䴩�A�����٦b�o�i���A�ӥB���|�۰ʰ���)�D �n�ѨM�����D
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1.3.x ���֤�(�Ҧp 1.3.57 �N��)�A�\Ū drivers/block/README.ide �ɮסD ��
�̦���h����T�����D
7.9 �t�������� obsolete routing requests ���_�ǰT��
���o�s���� route �{���Ψ䥦�P route ������{���D
/usr/include/linux/route.h (�o�O /usr/src/linux �U���@��ɮ�)�w�g���F��
��D
7.10 ������\��L�k�b 1.2.0 �W�u�@
�ܤ֤ɯŨ� 1.2.1 ���D
7.11 ``Not a compressed kernel Image file'' (�D���Y�֤߬M����)
���n�Φb /usr/src/linux ���ͪ� vmlinux �����A���Ұʮ֤߬M��;
[..]/arch/i386/boot/zImage �~�O���T���D
7.12 �ɯŦ� 1.3.x ��b����x�ݾ��W�����D
�N����x�]�w�� /etc/termcap ���� dumb �אּ linux�D �A�i��|�����W�[�@��
terminfo�D
7.13 �֤ߤɯū��G�L�k�sĶ�F��
Linux ���֤߭�l�{���X�]�t�F�\�h���t�J��(�N�O�� .h �������ɮ�)��������
�Ǫ� /usr/include �ҰѦҡD ���̳q�`�γo�ؤ�k�Q�Ѧ�(�䤤 xyzzy.h �O�b
/usr/include/linux �U):
#include <linux/xyzzy.h>
���`���p�U�A�b /usr/include �U�|���@�s�� linux ���s����A���֤߭�l�X��
include/linux �ؿ�(�@��t�Φb /usr/src/linux/include/linux)�D �p�G�o��
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�D ���M�A�i�H�� chmod ���O�ӭץ��A���L��e������k�O���s�Ѷ}�t�J�ɡD �A
�i�H�@�}�l�A�Ѷ}��ӭ�l�X���P�ˤ�k�A���L�h�[�F�@�ӰѼ�:
blah# tar zxvpf linux.x.y.z.tar.gz linux/include
�Ъ`�N: �p�G /usr/src/linux �s�����b���� ``make config'' �|���ؤ��D
7.14 �W�[�W��
�U���@�ǽd�ҫ��O�i�D�A�p��W�[�֤ߴ��Ѫ��W��:
echo 4096 > /proc/sys/kernel/file-max
echo 12288 > /proc/sys/kernel/inode-max
echo 300 400 500 > /proc/sys/vm/freepages
8. �ɯŦ� 2.0.x ���`�N�ƶ�
�֤� 2.0.x ���b�w�ˤW�ޤJ�F�\�h�����ܡD �b��l�{���X�̪�
Documentation/Changes �ɮץ]�t�F�ɯŦ� 2.0.x ��������D����T�D �A�i��
�ٻݭn�ɯŤ@����䪺�M��A�Ҧp gcc�Alibc �P SysVInit�A�ç��ܤ@�Ǩt���
�סD���L�A�]�O��i�D
9. �i���J�Ҳ�
�i���J�Ҳկ��`�ٰO����A�ӥB�ܮe���]�w�D �Ҳժ��d��w�g�]�t�F�ɮרt��
�A�A�Ӻ��d�X�ʵ{���A�ϱa���A�L���X�ʵ{���A�٦���h�D
9.1 �w�˼Ҳդu��
�Ҳդu��i�H�q�A���o�֤ߪ��a����A�p modules-x.y.z.tar.gz; ��ܻP�A��
�e�֤ߪ����۵��εy�C���̱��� x.y.z�D �� `tar zxvf
modules-x.y.z.tar.gz' �Ѷ}�D cd �쥦���ͪ��ؿ�(modules-x.y.z)�A�ݤ@�U
README�A�M���Ӧw�˫��ܰ��� (�q�`��²��A�N�� make install �����)�D
�M��A�b /sbin ���ӷ|���o�ǵ{�� insmod, rmmod, ksyms, lsmod, genksyms,
modprobe, �H�� depmod�D �p�G�A�Q���ܡA�i�H�� insmod �̪��d���X�ʵ{
��``hw''�Ӵ��ճo�Ǥu��; �Ѩ� INSTALL �ɸ̪��Ӹ`�����D
insmod ���O�N�@�ӼҲմ��J�B�椤���֤ߡD�Ҳճq�|�H .o ������; �W�����쪺
�d�ҵ{���N�s�� drv_hello.o�A�]���n���J���ҲաA�N�� `insmod
drv_hello.o'�D �n�F�ѥثe�֤ߥ��b�ϥΪ��ҲաA�� lsmod ���O�D��X�ݰ_��
���o��:
blah# lsmod
Module: #pages: Used by:
drv_hello 1
`drv_hello' �O�o�Ҳժ��W�١A���ΤF�@�� (4K) ���O����A�ӥB�ثe�S���䥦
���֤Ҳը̿�D �n�������ҲաA�� `rmmod drv_hello'�D�`�N rmmod ��
�n���O�ҲզW�١A�Ӥ��O�ɮצW��; �N�O�A�q lsmod ���O�C�X�Ӫ��D��l�u�㪺
�@�Φb�u�W��U�����������D
9.2 �P�֤ߵo�檺�Ҳ�
�b 2.0.30 �����A�X�G�Ҧ����F�賣�i�H�ܦ��i���J�ҲաD �n�ϥΥi���J�ҲաA
�����T�w�A�S���N��t�m�쥿�`���֤߸̡A�]�N�O���A�b `make config' �ɤ��O
�^�� y�D �sĶ�s�֤ߨåΥ��Ӷ}���D�M��A�A�� cd �� /usr/src/linux�A�M��
���� `make modules'�D �o�N�sĶ�Ҧ��A�����w�b�֤߰t�m�̪��ҲաA�ñN��s
���� /usr/src/linux/modules�D �A�i�H�����Ѧ��ؿ��ϥΡA�άO���� `make
modules_install' �N��w�˨� /lib/modules/x.y.z�A�䤤 x.y.z �O�֤ߪ����D
�o��B�z�ɮרt�ΤW�S�O�K�Q�D�A�i��ä��g�`�ϥ� minix �� MS-DOS ���ɮרt
�ΡD �Ҧp�A�p�G�ڹJ��@ MS-DOS ���n�Ф��A�ڷ|�� insmod
/usr/src/linux/modules/msdos.o�A�æb�ϥΧ������ rmmod msdos ���O�N��h
���D ���L�{�j���i�H�`�ٮ֤� 50K ���k���O����D��� minix �ɮרt�Φ��@�I
�n�`�N���N�O�A ���F�n�ϥ�``��ϺϤ�''�A�A����`�O�����N���t�m��֤ߤ��D
10. �䥦�t�m�ﶵ
���`�]�A�F�b�t�m�@�`�����C�X���֤߰t�m�ﶵ(�b make config ��)�D �j����
���]���X�ʵ{���å��C�X�D
10.1 General setup (�@��]�w)
Normal floppy disk support (�@��n�Ф䴩) - �N�O�o�ӡD �A�i��|�Q�ݤ@�U
drivers/block/README.fd �o��ɮ�; �� IBM Thinkpad ���ϥΪ̨ӻ��S�O���n
�D
XT harddisk support (XT �w�Ф䴩) - �p�G�A�Q�Φѥj�����K�줸 XT ���
���ܡD
PCI bios support (PCI bios ���䴩) - �p�G�A�� PCI�A�A�i��|�Q���}���ﶵ
�D ���n�p�ߡA�Y���ª� PCI �D���O�b���ﶵ�U�i��|���D��h��� PCI �y
�Ʀb Linux �U�ϥΪ���T�i�H�b [19]PCI-HOWTO �̧��D
Kernel support for ELF binaries (�֤ߤ䴩 ELF �����) - ELF �O�@�طs��
�G�i����ɡD Linux ���G���¦���V�e�i�A�ҥH�A�i��|�n�o�ӡD
Set version information on all symbols for modules - �b�L�h�A�֤ҲջP
�C�ӷs�֤ߤ@�_�Q�sĶ�D �p�G�A�^�� y�A���i����A�ϥΤ��P patchlevel �U�s
Ķ���ҲաD �Ѩ� README.modules �����Բӻ����D
10.2 Networking options (���ﶵ)
���ﶵ�b [20]NET-3-HOWTO (�άO NET-����-HOWTO)���y�z�D
11. ���Z�M�ޥ�
11.1 ���� make �άO patch ���O����X
�p�G�A�Q�n�O���o�� `make' �άO `patch' ���O�쩳���F�Ǥ���A �A�i�H���
������X���ɨ�@��ɮץh�D�����A�n���D�A�Ϊ��O�O���@�� shell�G `grep
root /etc/passwd' �M��M��ݰ_�ӹ� `/bin/csh' �@����F��D
�p�G�A�ϥΪ��O sh �άO bash�A
(command) 2>&1 | tee (output file)
�N�|��@�� (command) ����X��� `(output file)' �o��ɮץh�D
�p�G�O csh �� tcsh�A��
(command) |& tee (output file)
�o�ӻy�k�D
�p�G�O rc (�`�N�G�A���Ӥ��|�O�� rc)�A�y�k�O
(command) >[2=1] | tee (output file)
11.2 �����֤ߦw��
���F�ϥγn�Ф��A�٦��ƺئb�����®֤ߪ����p�U���շs�֤ߪ���k�D �����䥦
�� Unix �t�ΡALILO �㦳�q���a��Ұʮ֤ߪ���O�D (���L�p�G�A���j���w��
�A�W�L 500 MB ���A�аѦ� LILO ������N�i��ް_�����D�D) �]���A�p�G
�A�b LILO �t�m�ɮפ��ι��o�˪�
image = /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage
label = new_kernel
�A�i�H�b�����®֤� /vmlinuz �����p�U��ܰ���s�sĶ���֤�(��M�A�b���槹
lilo ��)�D �s LILO �Ұʷs�֤߳�²�檺��k�N�O�b�Ұʮɫ��U shift ��(��A
�b�ù��u�ݨ� LILO ��)�A �o�|���A�@���ܲŸ��D���ɧA�i�H��J
`new_kernel' �ӱҰʷs�֤ߡD
�p�G�A�Q�b�t�Τ��P�ɫO���ƺؤ��P���֤߭�l�{���X(�p�ߡA�o�|�α��j�q���w
�ЪŶ�)�A �̴��q����k�N�O�N��R�W�� /usr/src/linux-x.y.z�A�䤤 x.y.z
�O�֤ߪ����D �M��A�i�H�βŸ��s����``���''�@����l�X; �Ҧp�A�� `ln
-sf linux-1.2.2 /usr/src/linux' �|� 1.2.2 �����ثe���֤߾�D ���b�إ�
�Ÿ��s�����e�A���T�w ln ���O�̫�@�ӰѼƤ��O�@�ӯu�����ؿ�(�ª��Ÿ��s��
�S����Y); �_�h���G�i�ण�|�O�A�ҹw�����D
11.3 �֤ߧ�s
Russell Nelson ( [21]
[email protected]) �`���F�s���֤ߪ����ܡD �o�ǬO²
�u���A�ӥB�A�b�ɯūe�i���ӥ��ݤ@�U�D�i�H�q�ΦW FTP �� ftp.emlist.com
�� [22]pub/kchanges�A
12. �䥦�i�������Ϊ� HOWTOs
* Sound-HOWTO: ���ĥd�P�u��
* SCSI-HOWTO: �Ҧ���� SCSI ����d�P�]�ƪ���T
* NET-2-HOWTO: ���
* PPP-HOWTO: �S�O��� PPP ���
* PCMCIA-HOWTO: ���O���q�����X�ʵ{��
* ELF-HOWTO: ����O ELF�A�p���ഫ���K
* Hardware-HOWTO: �䴩�w�骺���n
* Module-HOWTO: ��h�P�֤Ҳզ����
* Kerneld mini-HOWTO: ��� kerneld
* BogoMips mini-HOWTO: �A�i��|�����쪺
13. ���
13.1 �@��
Linux Kernel-HOWTO ���@�̤κ��@�H�O Brian Ward (
[23]
[email protected])�D �бN���סA�ɥR�P�H����(��
��ڨӻ��O�S�O���n��)�D
�A�i�H�q�o�� URL ���ڪ���:
[24]
http://www.math.psu.edu/ward/
[25]
http://blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at/~bri/
���M�ھ��i��a�h�B�z�q�l�l��A���аO��ڨC�ѳ�����j�q���H��A�ҥH�i��
�n��@�I�ɶ��~�|�^�ЧA�D �S�O�O�H�H�Ӱݧڰ��D���A�о��q�D�`�M���P�Ժɦa
�y�z�A���T���D �p�G�A�����O�Y�ӵL�k�B�@���w��(�������)�A�ڻݭn���D�A��
�w��t�m�O����D �p�G�A�n�^�����~�A���n�u�O��``�ڳo�˸զ������ڷ|���~�T
��''; �ڻݭn���D�o�ӿ��~�T���O����D �ڥi��]�Q���D�A���֤ߡAgcc�Alibc
�������O����A�p�G�A�u�O�i�D�ڧA�Ϊ��O�o�өΨ��ӮM��A���S����ΡD �ڤ�
���N�A�ݧ�²�檺���D; �аO��A�p�G�A���ݡA�A�N�û����|�o��ѵ��D �ڭn�P
�¨C�ӵ��ڦ^�X���H�̡D
�p�G�A�g�H���ڦ��b�@�q�X�z���ɶ����S���o��^��(�T�P���Χ�[)�A����i��
�ڤ��p�߬屼�F�A���H��νѦp�����(��p)�D �ЦA�դ@���D
�ڦ���\�h�H��O���w����D���D�o�S���D�A���ФF�ѧڨä��O��x�@�ɤW��
���w�骺�H�ӥB�ڤ]�����D�گ��h�֦��D �ڭӤH�ϥΪ������� IDE �P SCSI
�w�СASCSI ���о��A3Com �P WD ���A�Ӻ��d�A��C�ƹ��A PCI �D���O�ANCR
810 SCSI ����AAMD 386DX40 w/Cyrix ���U�B�z���AAMD 5x86�AAMD 486DX4
�P Intel 486DX4 �B�z�� (�o�u�O�ڦb�ϥΦӥB��x���w��K�n�A�ä��O��ij�A
���p�G�A�Q�n�ΡA�w��Ӹ߰� :-) )�D
0.1 �������� 1994 �~�Q��T��D�����i�H SGML, PostScript, TeX, roff �P
�¤�r�榡���o�D
13.2 �w�w�ؼ�
``���Z�M�ޥ�'' �@�`�Ӥ֤F�D�ڧƱ��αq�O�H�o�쪺��ij���X�R�D
``���[���M��'' �@�`�]�O�D
�ٻݭn��h������/���^�_��T�D
13.3 �^�m��
�]�t�F�@�p���� Linus �� README �ɮ� (kernel hacking �ﶵ)�D�P�� Linus!
[email protected] (Ulrich Callmeier): patch -s and xargs.
[email protected] (Daniel Quinlan): corrections and additions in
many sections.
nat@
[email protected] (Nat Makarevitch): mrproper, tar -p, many
other things
[email protected] (Axel Boldt): collected descriptions of kernel
configuration options on the net; then provided me with the list
[email protected] (Steve Lembark): multiple boot suggestion
[email protected] (Keith Briggs): some corrections and
suggestions
[email protected] (Ryan McGuire): makeables additions
[email protected] (Eric Dumas): French translation
[email protected] (Yasutada Shimazaki): Japanese
translation
[email protected] (Juan Jose Amor Iglesias): Spanish translation
[email protected] (Martin Wahlen): Swedish translation
[email protected] (Zoltan Vamosi): Hungarian translation
[email protected] (Bartosz Maruszewski): Polish translation
[email protected] (Michael J Donahue): typos, winner of the
``sliced bread competition''
[email protected] (Richard Stallman): ``free'' documentation
concept/distribution notice
[email protected] (David Kastrup): NFS thing
[email protected] (Eric Raymond): various tidbits
���H�H���ڰݰ��D���H�]���ܤj���U�D
13.4 ���v�n���A�\�i�A�Ѧp�����
Copyright © Brian Ward, 1994-1997.
Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this manual
provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved
on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
identical to this one. Translations fall under the catagory of
``modified versions.''
Warranty: None.
Recommendations: Commercial redistribution is allowed and encouraged;
however, it is strongly recommended that the redistributor contact the
author before the redistribution, in the interest of keeping things
up-to-date (you could send me a copy of the thing you're making while
you're at it). Translators are also advised to contact the author
before translating. The printed version looks nicer. Recycle.
References
1. mailto:
[email protected]
2.
http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/
3.
http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/
4. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/Hardware-HOWTO.html
5.
ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus
6.
ftp://ftp.edu.tw/OS/Linux/kernel
7.
http://www.linux.org/
8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/Kernel-HOWTO.txt.html#other-options
9. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/HOWTO/SCSI-HOWTO.html
10. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/Kernel-HOWTO.txt.html#pitfalls
11. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/Sound-HOWTO.html
12. mailto:
[email protected]
13.
http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/config_help.html
14.
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/config/krnl_cnfg_hlp.x.yz.tgz
15. mailto:
[email protected]
16. mailto:
[email protected]
17.
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/misc
18.
http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/
19. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/HOWTO/PCI-HOWTO.html
20. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.24048/HOWTO/NET-3-HOWTO.html
21. mailto:
[email protected]
22.
ftp://ftp.emlist.com/pub/kchanges
23. mailto:
[email protected]
24.
http://www.math.psu.edu/ward/
25.
http://blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at/~bri/