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Proc::Simple 1.32
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NAME
Proc::Simple -- launch and control background processes
SYNOPSIS
use Proc::Simple;
$myproc = Proc::Simple->new(); # Create a new process object
$myproc->start("shell-command-line"); # Launch an external program
$myproc->start("command", # Launch an external program
"param", ...); # with parameters
$myproc->start(sub { ... }); # Launch a perl subroutine
$myproc->start(\&subroutine); # Launch a perl subroutine
$myproc->start(\&subroutine, # Launch a perl subroutine
$param, ...); # with parameters
$running = $myproc->poll(); # Poll Running Process
$exit_status = $myproc->wait(); # Wait until process is done
$proc->kill_on_destroy(1); # Set kill on destroy
$proc->signal_on_destroy("KILL"); # Specify signal to be sent
# on destroy
$myproc->kill(); # Kill Process (SIGTERM)
$myproc->kill("SIGUSR1"); # Send specified signal
$myproc->exit_status(); # Return exit status of process
Proc::Simple::debug($level); # Turn debug on
DESCRIPTION
The Proc::Simple package provides objects mimicing real-life processes
from a user's point of view. A new process object is created by
$myproc = Proc::Simple->new();
Either external programs or perl subroutines can be launched and
controlled as processes in the background.
A 10-second sleep process, for example, can be launched as an external
program as in
$myproc->start("/bin/sleep 10"); # or
$myproc->start("/bin/sleep", "10");
or as a perl subroutine, as in
sub mysleep { sleep(shift); } # Define mysleep()
$myproc->start(\&mysleep, 10); # Launch it.
or even as
$myproc->start(sub { sleep(10); });
The *start* Method returns immediately after starting the specified
process in background, i.e. there's no blocking. It returns *1* if the
process has been launched successfully and *0* if not.
The *poll* method checks if the process is still running
$running = $myproc->poll();
and returns *1* if it is, *0* if it's not. Finally,
$myproc->kill();
terminates the process by sending it the SIGTERM signal. As an option,
another signal can be specified.
$myproc->kill("SIGUSR1");
sends the SIGUSR1 signal to the running process. *kill* returns *1* if
it succeeds in sending the signal, *0* if it doesn't.
The methods are discussed in more detail in the next section.
A destructor is provided so that a signal can be sent to the forked
processes automatically should the process object be destroyed or if the
process exits. By default this behaviour is turned off (see the
kill_on_destroy and signal_on_destroy methods).
METHODS
The following methods are available:
new (Constructor)
Create a new instance of this class by writing
$proc = new Proc::Simple;
or
$proc = Proc::Simple->new();
It takes no arguments.
start
Launches a new process. The "start()" method can be used to launch
both external programs (like "/bin/echo") or one of your
self-defined subroutines (like "foo()") in a new process.
For an external program to be started, call
$status = $proc->start("program-name");
If you want to pass a couple of parameters to the launched program,
there's two options: You can either pass them in one argument like
in
$status = $proc->start("/bin/echo hello world");
or in several arguments like in
$status = $proc->start("/bin/echo", "hello", "world");
Just as in Perl's function "system()", there's a big difference
between the two methods: If you provide one argument containing a
blank-separated command line, your shell is going to process any
meta-characters (if you choose to use some) before the process is
actually launched:
$status = $proc->start("/bin/ls -l /etc/initt*");
will expand "/etc/initt*" to "/etc/inittab" before running the "ls"
command. If, on the other hand, you say
$status = $proc->start("/bin/ls", "-l", "*");
the "*" will stay unexpanded, meaning you'll look for a file with
the literal name "*" (which is unlikely to exist on your system
unless you deliberately create confusingly named files :). For more
info on this, look up "perldoc -f exec".
If, on the other hand, you want to start a Perl subroutine in the
background, simply provide the function reference like
$status = $proc->start(\&your_function);
or supply an unnamed subroutine:
$status = $proc->start( sub { sleep(1) } );
You can also provide additional parameters to be passed to the
function:
$status = $proc->start(\&printme, "hello", "world");
The *start* Method returns immediately after starting the specified
process in background, i.e. non-blocking mode. It returns *1* if the
process has been launched successfully and *0* if not.
poll
The *poll* method checks if the process is still running
$running = $myproc->poll();
and returns *1* if it is, *0* if it's not.
kill
The kill() method:
$myproc->kill();
terminates the process by sending it the SIGTERM signal. As an
option, another signal can be specified.
$myproc->kill("SIGUSR1");
sends the SIGUSR1 signal to the running process. *kill* returns *1*
if it succeeds in sending the signal, *0* if it doesn't.
kill_on_destroy
Set a flag to determine whether the process attached to this object
should be killed when the object is destroyed. By default, this flag
is set to false. The current value is returned.
$current = $proc->kill_on_destroy;
$proc->kill_on_destroy(1); # Set flag to true
$proc->kill_on_destroy(0); # Set flag to false
signal_on_destroy
Method to set the signal that will be sent to the process when the
object is destroyed (Assuming kill_on_destroy is true). Returns the
current setting.
$current = $proc->signal_on_destroy;
$proc->signal_on_destroy("KILL");
redirect_output
Redirects stdout and/or stderr output to a file. Specify undef to
leave the stderr/stdout handles of the process alone.
# stdout to a file, left stderr unchanged
$proc->redirect_output ("/tmp/someapp.stdout", undef);
# stderr to a file, left stdout unchanged
$proc->redirect_output (undef, "/tmp/someapp.stderr");
# stdout and stderr to a separate file
$proc->redirect_output ("/tmp/someapp.stdout", "/tmp/someapp.stderr");
Call this method before running the start method.
pid Returns the pid of the forked process associated with this object
$pid = $proc->pid;
t0 Returns the start time() of the forked process associated with this
object
$t0 = $proc->t0();
t1 Returns the stop time() of the forked process associated with this
object
$t1 = $proc->t1();
DESTROY (Destructor)
Object destructor. This method is called when the object is
destroyed (eg with "undef" or on exiting perl). If kill_on_destroy
is true the process associated with the object is sent the
signal_on_destroy signal (SIGTERM if undefined).
exit_status
Returns the exit status of the process as the $! variable indicates.
If the process is still running, "undef" is returned.
wait
The *wait* method:
$exit_status = $myproc->wait();
waits until the process is done and returns its exit status.
debug
Switches debug messages on and off -- Proc::Simple::debug(1)
switches them on, Proc::Simple::debug(0) keeps Proc::Simple quiet.
cleanup
Proc::Simple keeps around data of terminated processes, e.g. you can
check via "t0()" and "t1()" how long a process ran, even if it's
long gone. Over time, this data keeps occupying more and more memory
and if you have a long-running program, you might want to run
"Proc::Simple->cleanup()" every once in a while to get rid of data
pertaining to processes no longer in use.
NOTE
Please keep in mind that there is no guarantee that the SIGTERM signal
really terminates a process. Processes can have signal handlers defined
that avoid the shutdown. If in doubt, whether a process still exists,
check it repeatedly with the *poll* routine after sending the signal.
Shell Processes
If you pass a shell program to Proc::Simple, it'll use "exec()" to
launch it. As noted in Perl's "exec()" manpage, simple commands for the
one-argument version of "exec()" will be passed to "execvp()" directly,
while commands containing characters like ";" or "*" will be passed to a
shell to make sure those get the shell expansion treatment.
This has the interesting side effect that if you launch something like
$p->start("./womper *");
then you'll see two processes in your process list:
$ ps auxww | grep womper
mschilli 9126 11:21 0:00 sh -c ./womper *
mschilli 9127 11:21 0:00 /usr/local/bin/perl -w ./womper ...
A regular "kill()" on the process PID would only kill the first process,
but Proc::Simple's "kill()" will use a negative signal and send it to
the first process (9126). Since it has marked the process as a process
group leader when it created it previously (via setsid()), this will
cause both processes above to receive the signal sent by "kill()".
Contributors
Tim Jenness <
[email protected]> did
kill_on_destroy/signal_on_destroy/pid
Mark R. Southern <
[email protected]> worked on EXIT_STATUS
tracking
Tobias Jahn <
[email protected]> added redirection to
stdout/stderr
Clauss Strauch <
[email protected]> suggested the
multi-arg start()-methods.
Chip Capelik contributed a patch with the wait() method.
Jeff Holt provided a patch for time tracking with t0() and t1().
Brad Cavanagh fixed RT33440 (unreliable $?)
AUTHOR
1996, Mike Schilli <
[email protected]>
LICENSE
Copyright 1996-2011 by Mike Schilli, all rights reserved. This program
is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
same terms as Perl itself.
