NAME

   PICA::Data - PICA record processing

SYNOPSIS

       use PICA::Data ':all';
       $parser = pica_parser( xml => 'picadata.xml' );
       $writer = pica_writer( plain => \*STDOUT );

       use PICA::Parser::XML;
       use PICA::Writer::Plain;
       $parser = PICA::Parser::XML->new( @options );
       $writer = PICA::Writer::Plain->new( @options );

       use PICA::Schema;
       $schema = PICA::Schema->new();

       # parse records
       while ( my $record = $parser->next ) {

           # function accessors
           my $ppn      = pica_value($record, '003@0');
           my $ppn      = pica_match($record, '045Ue', split => 1, nested_array => 1);
           my $holdings = pica_holdings($record);
           my $items    = pica_items($record);
           ...

           # object accessors (if parser option 'bless' enabled)
           my $ppn      = $record->{_id};
           my $ppn      = $record->value('003@0');
           my $ddc      = $record->match('045Ue', split => 1, nested_array => 1);
           my $holdings = $record->holdings;
           my $items    = $record->items;
           ...

           # write record
           $writer->write($record);

           # write record via method (if blessed)
           $record->write($writer);
           $record->write( xml => @options );
           $record->write; # default "plain" writer

           # stringify record
           my $plain = $record->string;
           my $xml = $record->string('xml');

           # validate record
           my $errors = $schema->check($record);
       }

       # parse single record from string
       my $record = pica_parser('plain', \"...")->next;

       # guess parser from input string
       my $parser = pica_guess($string)->new(\$string);

DESCRIPTION

   PICA::Data provides methods, classes, and functions to process PICA+
   records <http://format.gbv.de/pica> in Perl.

   PICA+ is the internal data format of the Local Library System (LBS) and
   the Central Library System (CBS) of OCLC, formerly PICA. Similar
   library formats are the MAchine Readable Cataloging format (MARC) and
   the Maschinelles Austauschformat fuer Bibliotheken (MAB). In addition
   to PICA+ in CBS there is the cataloging format Pica3 which can
   losslessly be convert to PICA+ and vice versa.

   Records in PICA::Data are encoded either as array of arrays, the inner
   arrays representing PICA fields, or as an object with two keys, _id and
   record, the latter holding the record as array of arrays, and the
   former holding the record identifier, stored in field 003@, subfield 0.
   For instance a minimal record with just one field (having tag 003@ and
   no occurrence):

       {
         _id    => '12345X',
         record => [
           [ '003@', undef, '0' => '12345X' ]
         ]
       }

   or in short form:

       [ [ '003@', undef, '0' => '12345X' ] ]

   PICA path expressions (see PICA::Path) can be used to facilitate
   processing PICA+ records and PICA::Schema can be used to validate PICA+
   records with Avram Schemas
   <https://format.gbv.de/schema/avram/specification>.

FUNCTIONS

   The following functions can be exported on request (use export tag :all
   to get all of them):

pica_parser( $type [, @options] )

   Create a PICA parsers object (see PICA::Parser::Base). Case of the type
   is ignored and additional parameters are passed to the parser's
   constructor:

     * PICA::Parser::Binary for type binary (binary PICA+)

     * PICA::Parser::Plain for type plain or picaplain (human-readable
     PICA+)

     * PICA::Parser::Plus for type plus or picaplus (normalized PICA+)

     * PICA::Parser::XML for type xml or picaxml (PICA-XML)

     * PICA::Parser::PPXML for type ppxml (PicaPlus-XML)

pica_guess( $data )

   Guess PICA serialization format from input data. Returns name of the
   corresponding parser class or undef.

pica_xml_struct( $xml, %options )

   Convert PICA-XML, expressed in XML::Struct structure into an
   (optionally blessed) PICA record structure.

pica_writer( $type [, @options] )

   Create a PICA writer object (see PICA::Writer::Base) in the same way as
   pica_parser with one of

     * PICA::Writer::Binary for type binary (binary PICA)

     * PICA::Writer::Generic for type generic (PICA with self defined data
     separators)

     * PICA::Writer::Plain for type plain or picaplain (human-readable
     PICA+)

     * PICA::Writer::Plus for type plus or picaplus (normalized PICA+)

     * PICA::Writer::XML for type xml or picaxml (PICA-XML)

     * PICA::Writer::PPXML for type ppxml (PicaPlus-XML)

pica_path( $path )

   Equivalent to PICA::Path->new($path).

pica_match( $record, $path, %options )

   Equivalent to PICA::Path->match_record($path, %options).

   Extract the subfield values from a PICA record based on a PICA path
   expression and options (see PICA::Path). Also available as accessor
   match($path, %options).

pica_value( $record, $path )

   Extract the first subfield values from a PICA record based on a PICA
   path expression. Also available as accessor value($path).

pica_values( $record, $path )

   Extract a list of subfield values from a PICA record based on a PICA
   path expression. The following are virtually equivalent:

       pica_values($record, $path);
       $path->record_subfields($record);
       $record->values($path); # if $record is blessed

pica_fields( $record, $path )

   Returns a PICA record (or empty array reference) limited to fields
   specified in a PICA path expression. The following are virtually
   equivalent:

       pica_fields($record, $path);
       $path->record_fields($record);
       $record->fields($path); # if $record is blessed

pica_holdings( $record )

   Returns a list (as array reference) of local holding records. Also
   available as accessor holdings.

pica_items( $record )

   Returns a list (as array reference) of item records. Also available as
   accessor items.

ACCESSORS

   All accessors of PICA::Data are also available as "FUNCTIONS", prefixed
   with pica_ (see "SYNOPSIS").

match( $path, %options )

   Extract a list of subfield values from a PICA record based on a
   PICA::Path expression and options.

values( $path )

   Extract a list of subfield values from a PICA record based on a
   PICA::Path expression.

value( $path )

   Same as values but only returns the first value.

fields( $path )

   Returns a PICA record limited to fields specified in a PICA::Path
   expression. Always returns an array reference.

holdings

   Returns a list (as array reference) of local holding records (level 1
   and 2), where the _id of each record contains the ILN (subfield 101@a).

items

   Returns a list (as array reference) of item records (level 1), where
   the _id of each record contains the EPN (subfield 203@/**0).

METHODS

write( [ $type [, @options] ] | $writer )

   Write PICA record with given PICA::Writer::Base or PICA::Writer::Plain
   by default. This method is a shortcut for blessed record objects:

       pica_writer( xml => $file )->write( $record );
       $record->write( xml => $file ); # equivalent if $record is blessed

string( [ $type ] )

   Serialize PICA record in a given format (plain by default).

CONTRIBUTORS

   Johann Rolschewski, <[email protected]>

   Jakob Voß <[email protected]>

   Carsten Klee <[email protected]>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

   Copyright 2014- Johann Rolschewski and Jakob Voss

   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   under the same terms as Perl itself.

SEE ALSO

     * pica-validate command line script to parse, serialize, count, and
     validate PICA+ data.

     * Use Catmandu::PICA for more elaborated processing of PICA records
     with the Catmandu toolkit.

     * PICA::Record implemented an alternative framework for processing
     PICA+ records (deprecated!).

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