NAME
Oracle::Loader - Perl extension for creating Oracle PL/SQL and control
file.
SYNOPSIS
use Oracle::Loader;
$ldr = Oracle::Loader->new;
$ldr = Oracle::Loader->new(%args);
$ldr->init; # only sets vbm(N),direct(N),reset(Y)
$ldr->init(%args); # set variables based on hash array
$ldr->sync(%args); # syncronize variables
$ldr->disp_param; # display parameters
$ldr->crt_sql; # create PL/SQL file
$ldr->crt_ctl; # create control file
$ldr->crt_sql($crf,$fh,$apd,$tab,$rst);
$ldr->crt_sql($crf,$fn,$apd,$tab,$rst);
$ldr->crt_ctl($crf,$fh,$apd,$dat,$rst);
$ldr->crt_ctl($crf,$fn,$apd,$dat,$rst);
$ldr->create($typ,$cns,$sfn,$phm);
$ldr->load($typ,$cns,$ctl,$phm,$log);
$ldr->batch($typ,$cns,$sdr,$phm,$ext);
$ldr->report_results($typ,$cns,$sdr,$ofn,$ext);
$ldr->report_errors($typ,$cns,$sdr,$ofn,$ext);
$ldr->read_log($sub,$log,$rno);
DESCRIPTION
The Loader module creates data definition language (DDL) codes for
creating tables and control file to be used to load data into Oracle
tables. It creates DDL codes based on column definitons contained in an
array or read from a definition file. It also has reporting functions to
generate SQL*Load error reports and load result reports.
The column definition array could be built from Data::Describe module.
It is actually an array with hash members and contains these hash
elements ('col', 'typ', 'wid', 'max', 'min', 'dec', 'dft', 'req', and
'dsp') for each column. The subscripts in the array are in the format of
$ary[$col_seq]{$hash_ele}. The hash elements are:
col - column name
typ - column type, 'N' for numeric, 'C' for characters,
'D' for date
max - maximum length of the record in the column
wid - column width. It is the max of the column length. If
'wid' presents, the max and min are not needed.
min - minimum length of the record in the column
dec - maximun decimal length of the record in the column
dft - date format string, e.g., YYYY/MM/DD,
MON/DD/YYYY HH24:MI:SS
req - whether there is null or zero length records in the
column only 'NOT NULL' is shown
dsp - column description
The module will use column definitons to create DDL codes and control
file using *crt_sql* and *crt_ctl* methods.
METHODS
* the constructor new(%args)
Without any input, i.e., new(), the constructor generates an empty
object. If any argument is provided, the constructor expects them in
the hash array format, i.e., in pairs of key and value.
Input variables:
%args - configuration parameters. The args are
sql_fn - pl/sql file name
ctl_fn - SQL*Loader control file name
dat_fn - data file name for SQL*Loader
bad_fn - bad file name for SQL*Loader
dis_fn - discard file name for SQL*Loader
def_fn - column definition file name
def_ex - definition file name extent
log_fn - log file name for SQL*Loader
spool - spooling file name
dbtab - Oracle table name
dbts - Oracle tablespace name
dbsid - Oracle SID/Database alias
dbhome - Oracle home directory
dbconn - Oracle connection string
dbusr - Oracle user
dbpwd - Oracle password
ts_iext - tablespace initial extent
ts_next - tablespace next extent
db_type - database type: Oracle, MSSQL
append - Y/N/O to append to sql and ctl files
drop - Y/N to drop table in sql and
# to append in ctl files
vbm - Y/N to display more message
direct - using direct load method in SQL*Loader
overwrite - over write existing sql and ctl files
src_dir - directory where def files stored
DirSep - directory separator
commit - whether to create tables and load data in
batch load
reset - whether to reset values when new value is
passed in.
relax_req - relax constraint/requirement for creating tables
add_center - add center number to every plate
_counter - internal counter
study_number - study number
cols_ref - ref to column array
out_fh - output sql file handle
conn - connection array - ["DBI:Oracle:$db",$usr,$pwd]
Variables used or routines called:
None
How to use:
my $obj = new Oracle::Loader; # or
$obj = Oracle::Loader->new; # or
$obj = Oracle::Loader->new(
dbconn=>"usr/pwd\@db",def_fn=>'myDef.txt');
Return: new empty or initialized class object.
The *%args* can contain:
* init(%attr)
Input variables:
%attr - argument hash array
Variables used or methods called:
None
How to use:
# use default value to initialize the object
$self->init;
$self->init(%a); # use %a to initialize
Return: the initialized object.
This method initiates the parameters for the object.
* sync (%args)
Input variables:
%args - argument hash array
Variables used or methods called:
Debug::EchoMessage
set_param - get parameter value from an array
How to use:
# use default value to syncronile the object
$self->sync;
$self->sync(%a); # use %a to syncronize
Return: the initialized object.
This method syncronizes the parameters.
* read_definitoin ($dfn, $typ)
Input variables:
$dfn - definition file name. If not specified,
I<param->def_fn> method will be called.
$typ - definition file type. Not implemented at
this version.
Variables used or methods called: None.
param->def_fn - get definition file name
param->reset - reset parameters?
cols_ref - get/set column reference
How to use:
$self->read_definition($fn);
Return: none.
This method reads a column definition file and sets the
definition column array. It espects the definiton file to
contain one column definition per line with vertical bar
delimiting the definition. Here are the definitions:
1. SAS Dataset Name and Path|
2. ASCII File Name and Path|
3. Variable Name|
4. Variable Length|
5. Variable Type (1=num 2=char 3=date)|
6. Variable Date Format|
7. Variable Label|
8. All Values Exist?
Here is an example:
#SAS|ASCII|VarName|VarLength|VarType|DateFmt|VarLabel|NotNull
||STUDYNO|3|number||Study Number|not null
||CENTERNO|3|number||Center Number|
||PATIENTS|7|number||Center Patients|
||VISITS|7|number||Center Patients|
||RECORDS|7|number||Center Patients|
||Fax_In|6.1|number||Mean # Days from Visit to Fax In|
||DB_Entry|6.1|number||Mean # Days from Visit to DB entry|
||DB_Clean|6.1|number||Mean # Days from Visit to DB clean|
||clean_now|5.1|number||Percent Records Clean Now|
||job_id|9|number||Report Job number|not null
* crt_sql($arf,$ofn,$apd,$tab,$rst,$drp)
Input variables:
$arf - array ref containing column definitions.
If not specified, it defaults to I<cols_ref>.
$ofn - output file name. The file will contains
the sql codes. It defaults to I<out_fh> or
I<sql_fn>.
$apd - whether to append if the output file
exists. It defaults to I<param->append>.
$tab - database table name. It defaults to
I<param->dbtab>.
$rst - whether to reset parameters based on the
specified parameters here. It defaults to
I<param->reset>.
$drp - whether to drop the table before create it.
The default is 'Y'.
Variables used or methods called:
param - get parameters
How to use:
$self->crt_sql($arf, 'mysql.sql','Y', 'mytab');
Return: create PL/SQL codes for creating Oracle tables.
This method creates PL/SQL codes based on the columns defined in
the definition array. You can access the array reference as
${$arf}[$i]{$k}. The $k could be 'col', 'typ', 'wid', 'max',
'min', 'dec', 'dft', and 'req'. Some special keys are stored in
the first element of the array, i.e., ${$arf}[0]. They are
table_name - table name. It is used as the last
resource in getting a table name.
table_desc - table title/description used to
create table comments.
* crt_ctl ($arf, $ofn, $apd, $dat, $rst, $drp)
Input variables:
$arf - array ref containing column definitions.
If not specified, it defaults to I<cols_ref>.
$ofn - output file name. The file will contains
the sql codes. It defaults to I<out_fh>
or I<ctl_fn>.
$apd - whether to append if the output file
exists. It defaults to I<param->append>.
$dat - input data file name. It defaults to
I<param->dat_fn>.
$rst - whether to reset parameters based on the
specified parameters here. It defaults to
I<param->reset>.
$drp - whether drop records before appending
Variables used or methods called:
param - get parameters
How to use:
$self->crt_sql($arf, 'mysql.ctl','N', 'mytxt.dat');
Return: create control file to be used by sql*loader.
This method creates a SQL*Loader control file.
* check_infile ($ctl,$typ)
Input variables:
$ctl - control file name
$typ - routine type: load, create, etc.
Variables used or methods called:
echoMSG - echo messages
How to use:
$self->check_infile($inf);
Return: boolean, i.e., 1 for OK, 0 for not OK.
This method checks whether there is INFILE parameter in control
file, whether the infile exisit and has non-zero size.
* create ($typ, $cns, $sfn, $phm)
Input variables:
$typ - DB type: Oracle, MSSQL, etc. It defaults to
Oracle
$cns - connection string: usr/pwd@db
$sfn - sql file name
$phm - program (sqlldr) home directory
Variables used or methods called:
param - class method to get parameters
How to use:
$self->create;
$self->create('', 'usr/pwd@db');
Return: None.
This method creates the tables by running SQL*Plus or other
program corresponding to its database.
* load ($typ, $cns, $ctl, $phm, $log)
Input variables:
$typ - DB type: Oracle, MSSQL, etc. It defaults to
Oracle
$cns - connection string: usr/pwd@db
$ctl - control file name
$phm - program (sqlldr) home directory
$log - log file name
Variables used or methods called:
param - class method to get parameters
How to use:
$self->load;
$self->load('', 'usr/pwd@db');
Return: None.
This method loads that data into a corresponding table. For
Oracle, sqlldr is used to load the data into the table.
* batch ($typ, $cns, $sdr, $phm, $ext)
Input variables:
$typ - DB type: Oracle, MSSQL, etc. It defaults to
Oracle
$cns - connection string: usr/pwd@db
$sdr - source directory containing all the definition files
$phm - program (sqlplus, sqlldr, etc.) home directory
$ext - definition file extension such as "def", "var", etc.
It uses 'def_ex' if it is set, otherwise default to
'def'.
Variables used or methods called:
param - class method to get parameters
crt_sql - create PL/SQL codes
crt_ctl - create Oracle control file
How to use:
$self->batch;
$self->batch('', 'usr/pwd@db', '/my/load/dir');
Return: None.
This method calls *read_definition*, *crt_sql*, *crt_ctl*,
*create*, *load* methods to run through all the definition files
in a source directory.
* read_log ($typ, $ifn, $rno)
Input variables:
$typ - type of information that is extracted from the log file.
The types are: result or error
$ifn - log file name
$rno - record number
Variables used or methods called:
param - class method to get parameters
sort_array - sort a numeric array
compressArray - compress an array of numbers
into a list of range or comma
delimited numbers
How to use:
$self->read_log('','mylog.log');
Return: None.
This method reads a SQL*Loader log file and return loading
result or loading errors based on request.
* report_results ($typ, $cns, $sdr, $ofn, $ext)
Input variables:
$typ - database type: Oracle, MSSQL
$cns - connection string: usr/pwd@db
$sdr - source directory containing all the
definition files
$ofn - output file name
$ext - log file extension such as "log", "lst",
etc.
Variables used or methods called:
param - class method to get parameters
read_log - read an Oracle log file
How to use:
$self->report_results;
Return: None.
This method reads all the SQL*Loader log files in a load
directory and generates a nice report with the following fields:
1 - Success Rate
2 - Oracle table name
3 - Rows successfully loaded
4 - Rows not loaded due to data errors
5 - Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were
failed
6 - Rows not loaded because all fields were null
7 - Total logical records skipped
8 - Total logical records read
9 - Total logical records rejected
10 - Total logical records discarded
11 - Start time
12 - End time
13 - Elapsed time
14 - CPU time
* report_errors ($typ, $cns, $sdr, $ofn, $ext)
Input variables:
$typ - database type: Oracle, MSSQL
$cns - connection string: usr/pwd@db
$sdr - source directory containing all the
definition files
$ofn - output file name
$ext - log file extension such as "log", "lst",
etc.
Variables used or methods called:
param - class method to get parameters
read_log - read an Oracle log file
How to use:
$self->report_errors;
Return: None.
This method reads all the SQL*Loader log files in a load
directory and generates a nice error report with the following
information:
SQL*Loader error report
========================
# Output format:
# ORA-##### counts
# ORA-#####:table_name:colum_name (count) record range
FAQ
What are the parameters?
CSV = []
DirSep = /
Oracle = [DBI:Oracle:orcl,usrid,userpwd]
add_center =
append = N
bad_fn = /dlb/data/S083/load/s083p001.bad
cols_ref = ARRAY(0x1787a4)
commit = N
conn = ConnType::CSV,ConnType::Oracle
ctl_fn = /dlb/data/S083/load/s083p001.ctl
dat_fn = /dlb/data/S083/load/s083p001.dat
db_type = Oracle
dbconn = usrid/userpwd@orcl
dbhome = /export/home/oracle7
dbpwd = userpwd
dbsid = orcl
dbtab = p083p001
dbts = data_ts
dbusr = userid
def_fn = /dlb/data/S083/load/s083p001.def
direct = N
dis_fn = /dlb/data/S083/load/s083p001.dis
log_fn = /dlb/data/S083/load/s083p001.log
out_fh =
overwrite = Y
relax_req = Y
reset = Y
spool = /tmp/xx_tst.lst
sql_fn = /tmp/xx_tst.sql
src_dir =
study_number =
ts_iext = 21k
ts_next = 2k
vbm = Y
* database parameters
Currently only two connection types are available: CSV and
Oracle. None of them has been implemented to use in creating
tables or loading data. This consideration is intended to be
implemented in the future versions.
You can get the connection information using these methods:
# create the loader object
$ldr = new Oracle::Loader;
# get connection array reference
$a = $ldr->{conn};
# output the contents
print "@$a\n";
You can set the connection using these methods:
$ldr->{conn} = ["DBI:CSV:f_dir=/tmp"]; # or
$ldr->{conn} = ["DBI:Oracle:sidxx"), "usrid", "usrpwd"];
$ldr->sync;
Or
$ldr->{dbconn} = "usrid/usrpwd@db";
$ldr->sync;
Or
$ldr->{dbsid} = 'sidxx';
$ldr->{dbusr} = 'orausr';
$ldr->{dbpwd} = 'orapwd';
$ldr->sync;
Other database parameters:
# set Oracle tablespace name
$ldr->{dbts} = 'USER_DATA';
# set tablespace intial extent
$ldr->{ts_iext} = '10k';
# set tablespace next extent
$ldr->{ts_next} = '5k';
# set table name
$ldr->{dbtab} = 's083ae';
# set database type
$ldr->{db_type} = 'Oracle';
# database executable home directory
$ldr->{dbhome} = '/export/home/oracle7';
* input/output file names
There are two ways to run this program: in single or batch mode.
If it runs in single mode the input file name defined in
*def_fn* is used; otherwise, the definiton files in the source
directory are searched. The source directory is defined through
parameter *src_dir*. These are the parameters related to input
files:
# set definition file name
$ldr->{def_fn} = '/tmp/load/s083p001.def';
# set source directory containing all the definition files
$ldr->{src_dir} = '/data/S083/load';
The important parameter is *cols_ref*. This parameter is re-set
by running *read_definition* method. If we did not set *def_fn*
or *src_dir*, we can set *cols_ref* parameter directly, and the
action methods such as *crt_sql* and *crt_ctl* will use the
array referenced by *cols_ref* parameter to create SQL and
control files. You could use Data::Describe module to form
column definitions and pass the reference to *cols_ref* in the
Loader.
These are the parameters related to SQL file:
# set sql file name
$ldr->{sql_fn} = '/tmp/xx_tst.sql';
# set spool file name
$ldr->{spool} = '/tmp/xx_tst.lst';
The only parameters related to report file names are
*study_number* and *src_dir*. If no report file name is
specified in *report_results* or *report_errors* methods, the
report file name is formed using *study_number*. If no
*study_number*, then the directory name one level above
*src_dir* is used. For instance, if we have
$ldr->{study_number} = '90';
$ldr->{src_dir} = '/tmp/S083/load';
then the report file names are 'S090_ldr.rst' and 'S090_ldr.err'
for result report and error report respectively. The report
files will be resided under '/tmp/S083/load'. If we reset the
*study_number* to null, then the report file names will be
'S083_ldr.rst' and 'S083_ldr.err' for result and error reports
respectively.
These are the parameters related to control file:
# set control file name
$ldr->{ctl_fn} = '/tmp/load/s083p001.ctl';
# set data file name for SQL*Loader
$ldr->{dat_fn} = '/tmp/load/s083p001.dat';
# set discard file name
$ldr->{dis_fn} = '/tmp/load/s083p001.dis';
# set bad file name
$ldr->{bad_fn} = '/tmp/load/s083p001.bad';
# set log file name
$ldr->{log_fn} = '/tmp/load/s083p001.log';
If an output file handler is defined, the SQL codes or control
codes will be written to the file handler. The *sql_fn* or
*ctl_fn* will be ignored.
* boolean parameters
The boolean parameters are used to turn on or off some of the
features or functions this program have. They use Y or N (or
null). Here is a list of the parameters (the first one is the
default value):
add_center (N/Y): whether to add center number or
foreign key to all the tables.
append (N/Y): whether to append the output to
existing file such as SQL or
control file.
commit (N/Y): whether to actually create tables
and load data into the tables.
direct (N/Y): whether to use direct path in
SQL*Loader to load data into the
tables.
overwrite (N/Y): whether to over write existing files
if they already exist.
relax_req (Y/N): whether to relax the constraints
defined in the definition file. If
yes, then only the constraints in
column names containing 'ID' are
enabled.
reset (Y/N): whether to re-set the parameters if
new values are passed in through a
method such as I<crt_sql>, I<crt_ctl>,
I<load>, I<create>, etc.
vbm (N/Y): whether to display more information
about the progress.
* miscellaneous parameters
We only have one miscellaneous parameter, i.e., *DirSep*. It is
currently set to '/' for Unix system. It could be determined by
using Perl special variable - '$^O' ('$OSNAME'). Here is how to
change it to NT directory separater:
$ldr->{DirSep} = '\\';
How to create a Loader object?
You can create an empty Loader object using the following methods:
$ldr = Oracle::Loader->new();
$ldr = new Oracle::Loader;
If you have an hash array %p containing all the parameters, you use
the array to initialize the object:
$ldr->init(%p);
You can create your hash array to define your object attributes as
the following:
%p = (
'vbm' => 'Y', # use verbose mode
'cols_ref' => \@C, # array_ref for col defs
);
$ldr = Oracle::Loader->new(%p);
How to change the array references in the display object
You can pass data and column definition array references to display
objects using the object constructor *new* or using the *set*
methods:
$ldr = Oracle::Loader->new($arf, $crf);
$ldr->{data_ref} = \@new_array;
$ldr->{cols_ref} = \@new_defs;
How to access the object?
You can get the information from the object through all the methods
described above without providing a value for the parameters.
Future Implementation
Although it seems a simple task, it requires a lot of thinking to
get it working in an object-oriented frame. Intented future
implementation includes
* add MSSQL type so that it can create T-SQL codes and DTS codes
* a debugger option
A method can also be implemented to turn on/off the debugger.
* a logger option
This option will allow output and/or debbuging information to be
logged.
CODING HISTORY
* Version 0.01
12/10/2000 (htu) - Initial coding
* Version 1.00
02/15/2001 (htu) - major restructuring
* Version 1.01
02/15/2001 (htu) - quote Oracle key words
* Version 1.02
02/15/2004 - removed dependence from Data::subs for sort_array
and compressArray methods.
* Version 1.03
6/15/2004 (htu) - added pre-requisite module Class::Struct in
the test script.
* Version 1.04
7/19/2004 (htu) - removed some unrelated inline comments and try
to find out why it failed the test on CPAN while it runs ok on
my computer.
* Version 1.05
Commented out all the tests in Loader.t to see if it fails CPAN
tests.
* Version 1.06
The problem is the './t/Loader.t' in MANIFEST. CPAN takes it
when it is entered as 't/Loader.t'.
* Version 1.10
Remove Class::Struct implementaiton since this PM does not work
as expected with new Class::Struct.
* Version 1.11
Added Debug::EchoMessage as pre-requisit for testing.
SEE ALSO (some of docs that I check often)
Data::Describe, perltoot(1), perlobj(1), perlbot(1), perlsub(1),
perldata(1), perlsub(1), perlmod(1), perlmodlib(1), perlref(1),
perlreftut(1).
AUTHOR
Copyright (c) 2000-2001 Hanming Tu. All rights reserved.
This package is free software and is provided "as is" without
express or implied warranty. It may be used, redistributed and/or
modified under the terms of the Perl Artistic License (see
http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html)
