Subj : The Weekly ARRL Letter
To   : All
From : Sean Dennis
Date : Fri Feb 12 2021 09:05 am

  The ARRL Letter
  February 11, 2021

    * ARRL to Extend Field Day Rule Waivers from 2020, d Class D and E
      Power Limit
    * Orlando HamCation Special Edition Online Event and QSO Party Set
      for February 13 - 14
    * ARRL to FCC: ditional Volunteer Examiner Coordinators Not Needed
    * ARRL Podcasts Schedule
    * RadFxSat-2/Fox-1E Designated AMSAT-OSCAR 109 as Troubleshooting
      Continues
    * ARRL Learning Network Webinars
    * IARU Agrees On Preliminary WRC-23 Positions
    * Amateur Radio in the News
    * Article: Ham Radio Forms a Planet-Sized Space Weather Sensor
      Network
    * Announcements
    * A "Perfect Coronal Mass Ejection" Could Be a Nightmare
    * Club Gets Double Duty from Minnesota QSO Party 2021 Operation
    * The K7RA Solar Update
    * In Brief...
    * Just Ahead in Radiosport
    * Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  ARRL Headquarters will be closed on Monday, February 15, for Presidents
  Day and will re-open on Tuesday, February 16, at 8 AM EST.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  ARRL to Extend Field Day Rule Waivers from 2020, d Class D and E
  Power Limit

  The COVID-19 pandemic-modified ARRL Field Day rules from 2020 will
  continue this June with the addition of a power limit imposed on Class
  D (Home Stations) and Class E (Home Stations-Emergency Power)
  participants. The news from the ARRL Board's Programs and Services
  Committee comes as many clubs and groups are starting preparations for
  Field Day in earnest. Field Day 2021 will take place June 26 - 27.

  "This early decision should alleviate any hesitancy that radio clubs
  and individual Field Day participants may have with their planning for
  the event," said ARRL Contest Program Manager Paul Bourque, N1SFE.

  For Field Day 2021, Class D stations may work all other Field Day
  stations, including other Class D stations, for points. This year,
  however, Class D and Class E stations will be limited to 150 W PEP
  output.

  For Field Day 2021, an aggregate club score will be published -- just
  as it was done last year. The aggregate score will be a sum of all
  individual entries that attributed their score to that of a specific
  club.

  ARRL Field Day is one of the biggest events on the amateur radio
  calendar. Last summer, a record 10,213 entries were received.

  "With the greater flexibility afforded by the rules waivers,
  individuals and groups will still be able to participate in Field Day,
  while still staying within any public health recommendations and/or
  requirements," Bourque said.

  The ARRL Field Day web page contains complete rules and entry forms, as
  well as any updated information as it becomes available. Join the ARRL
  Field Day Facebook group. Read an expanded version.
  Orlando HamCation Special Edition Online Event and QSO Party Set for
  February 13 - 14

  The Orlando HamCation Special Edition online event and QSO Party will
  take place this weekend, February 13 - 14. The online event will
  include youth, technology, contesting, and vendor webinar tracks via
  Zoom. ARRL will also present two webinars on Saturday, February 13.

  The ARRL Member Forum at 1 PM EST, will be moderated by ARRL
  Southeastern Division Director Mickey Baker, N4MB. Presenters include
  ARRL CEO David Minster, NA2AA, and ARRL Director of Emergency
  Management Paul Gilbert, KE5ZW.

  Gilbert also will be the moderator for an Amateur Radio Emergency
  Service (ARES^(R)) presentation at 3 PM EST. The ARES presentation will
  include ARRL Northern Florida Section Emergency Coordinator Karl
  Martin, K4HBN, and Southern Florida SEC John Wells, W4CMH.

  The HamCation QSO Party -- a 12-hour on-air event, will also take place
  this weekend. Nine HamCation special event stations with 1 * 1 call
  signs will be on the air with combined suffixes spelling out HamCation
  (e.g., K4H, W4A, K4M, etc). Scores will be posted on www.3830Scores.com
  -- no logs are required.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  ARRL to Offer Weekend of Specials for Hams Missing Orlando
  HamCation^(R) 2021.  This weekend, February 13-14, was supposed to be
  the ARRL National Convention at Orlando HamCation. While members will
  have to wait until next year for our National Convention, ARRL will be
  hosting a special "At Home Expo" this weekend. Enjoy a special video
  from ARRL President Rick Roderick, K5UR; ARRL staff, and the HamCation
  committee. Look for limited offers including membership premiums,
  latest publications and products, 2021 Field Day gear, and our
  exclusive sheet full of ARRL logo stickers. All who make a weekend
  purchase or renew their membership will receive a free sticker sheet
  with their order, while supplies last. Visit our ARRL at Home page to
  check out all the offerings.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  ARRL to FCC: ditional Volunteer Examiner Coordinators Not Needed

  ARRL has told the FCC that no additional Volunteer Examiner
  Coordinators (VEC) are needed to oversee the administration of amateur
  radio exams by Volunteer Examiners (VEs). Examination opportunities
  have continued to be widely available throughout the US -- except for a
  couple of months during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic -- and
  adding VECs to the 14 now in place would "have no effect" on the number
  of available exams, ARRL said. ARRL's comments on February 4 were in
  response to a January 5 FCC Public Notice in WT Docket 21-2 seeking
  input on possible expansion of the VEC pool.

  "We found that even though 10 of the 12 months for calendar year 2020
  were times of severe disruption throughout the nation, including for
  FCC and ARRL Headquarters staff, amateur examination opportunities and
  numbers were strong," ARRL told the FCC.

  "Instead of increasing the number of VECs, we would encourage
  volunteers to become accredited as VEs and to volunteer to help the
  current VECs wherever possible," ARRL said. "Many of the VECs would
  welcome help." ARRL said VEs, not VECs, are responsible for
  administering amateur radio exams.

  The number of new and upgraded licenses has been in line with earlier
  years, "with noticeable increases in the 4 months following the
  lockdown that occurred in many areas in the early spring," ARRL pointed
  out.

  ARRL said, "Increasing the number of VECs would expand the complexity
  of VEC coordination and management, increase demand on FCC resources to
  interface with additional organizations, and raise the potential for
  abuse and fraud." Read an expanded version.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------


  ARRL Podcasts Schedule

  The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 14) takes a
  deeper dive into the subject of HF antenna tuners, including some
  shopping tips.

  The latest edition of Eclectic Tech (Episode 27) features a discussion
  of virtual audio cables, plus a chat with Clint Turner, KA7OEI, about
  extremely slow CW, otherwise known as QRSS.

  The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both
  podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android), as well
  as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  RadFxSat-2/Fox-1E Designated AMSAT-OSCAR 109 as Troubleshooting
  Continues

  Launched on January 17, the RadFxSat-2/Fox-1E CubeSat has been
  designated as AMSAT-OSCAR 109 (AO-109). The satellite, which carries a
  telemetry beacon and a linear transponder, along with radiation effects
  experiments, is a joint mission of AMSAT and the Institute for Space
  and Defense Electronics at Vanderbilt University. While the telemetry
  beacon has not yet been heard, the transponder is partially operational
  at reduced signal strength.

  "Work continues to recover the telemetry beacon and characterize the
  transponder with the goal of opening it for general use," AMSAT said
  this week. "Testing and characterization of RadFxSat-2/AO-109
  continues." On January 27, a ham in Nevada reported weakly hearing his
  CW signal via the spacecraft's transponder.

  AMSAT engineering and operations teams made the official AO-109
  designation after confirmation that the linear transponder was
  functional, although with a low-level downlink signal. Read an expanded
  version. -- Thanks to AMSAT News Service via Mark Hammond, N8MH

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  ARRL Learning Network Webinars

  Visit the ARRL Learning Network (a members-only benefit) to register,
  check on upcoming webinars, and to view previously recorded sessions.

  Interesting Stories about Ham Radio & Weather Spotting -- Rob Macedo,
  KD1CY

  One of the most critical ways amateur radio supports agencies such as
  the National Weather Service (NWS), National Hurricane Center, and
  emergency management is through weather spotting via the NWS SKYWARN
  program. This presentation reviews some interesting stories about how
  amateurs involved in SKYWARN have saved lives and property and why this
  is an important amateur radio activity.

  Thursday, February 11, 2021 @ 8 PM EST (0100 UTC on Friday, February
  12)

  Maxim Memorial Station W1AW Tour -- Joe Carcia, NJ1Q, W1AW Station
  Manager

  Maxim Memorial Station W1AW, located in Newington, Connecticut, was
  established to honor the memory of ARRL's co-founder and first
  president, Hiram Percy Maxim. Although the first radio station of ARRL
  was actually located in Hartford, Connecticut and active as W1MK, W1AW
  in Newington is known worldwide and considered the radio station most
  associated with Hiram Percy Maxim. Formally established in 1938 --
  nearly 2 years after the death of Hiram Percy Maxim -- W1AW has
  consistently been on the air, save for the time when the station was
  ordered off the air by the FCC because of World War II.

  Thursday, February 18, 2021 @ 3:30 PM EST (2030 UTC)

  Talking to Astronauts: An Elementary School's Exciting ARISS Experience
  -- Diane Warner, KE8HLD

  This is a story about Tallmadge Elementary School's participation in a
  once-in-a-lifetime ARISS (Amateur Radio on the International Space
  Station) school contact. Learn about their amazing journey leading up
  to the amateur radio contact with an astronaut on the International
  Space Station. The excitement of the entire experience was shared not
  just by the students, but included faculty, parents, the community, and
  local amateur radio operators. You will also learn how to begin the
  process of submitting your own ARISS contact proposal.

  Tuesday, March 2, 2021 @ 1 PM EST (1800 UTC)

  Visit the ARRL Learning Network (a members-only benefit) to register,
  check on upcoming webinars, and to view previously recorded sessions.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------


  IARU Agrees On Preliminary WRC-23 Positions

  The International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) has agreed on its
  preliminary positions for World Radiocommunication Conference 2023
  (WRC-23), according to Barry Lewis, G4SJH, Chair of IARU Region 1
  Spectrum Affairs.

  "The preparatory work for WRC-23 has started across all [three] regions
  in both the ITU�**R [Radiocommunication Sector] and the Regional
  Telecommunications Organizations (RTOs)," Lewis said. "The IARU has
  representatives in these RTOs, and the ITU�**R contributing to the
  studies and helping to develop the regional positions on all the WRC
  agenda items. It is vital that the amateur community presents its views
  in a consolidated and consistent manner on each WRC agenda item across
  all the regions."

  Lewis said the IARU ministrative Council has agreed on initial
  preliminary positions covering the six most important agenda items for
  the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services.

  The preliminary IARU positions:
    * Agenda Item 1.2 -- oppose the identification of 10.0 - 10.5 GHz for
      International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) in Region 2 (the
      Americas), as well as the introduction of a mobile service
      allocation in the region.
    * Agenda Item 1.12 -- support studies that include the need to
      protect the incumbent amateur service in the adjacent 50 - 54 MHz
      band. The agenda item calls for studies to establish a possible new
      secondary allocation for spaceborne radar sounders within a range
      of frequencies around 45 MHz.
    * Agenda Item 1.14 -- support retaining the 248 - 250 GHz primary and
      the 241 - 248 GHz secondary Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services
      allocations.
    * Agenda Item 1.18 -- support retention of the amateur secondary
      allocation of 3300 - 3400 MHz in Regions 2 and 3.
    * Agenda Item 9.1, Topic A -- The IARU said, "In considering
      potential new regulatory provisions for the recognition of space
      weather systems, additional constraints on incumbent services
      including the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services must be
      avoided."
    * Agenda Item 9.1 Topic B -- The IARU said, "Radio amateurs have
      successfully co-existed and innovated in the frequency range of
      1240 - 1300 MHz for many years, and IARU believes that the
      regulatory status of the Amateur and Amateur-Satellite Services in
      this range is already clear."

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  Amateur Radio in the News

  ARRL Public Information Officers, Coordinators, and many other
  member-volunteers help keep amateur radio and ARRL in the news.

  Ham Radio Forms a Planet-Sized Space Weather Sensor Network

  Eos, February 9, 2021

  Mississippi Valley Amateur Radio Holds Training in WXOW's Parking Lot

  ABC News 19 (Minnesota/Wisconsin), February 6, 2021

  When Scoutmasters Got Trained to be Amateur Radio Operators

  Net News Ledger (Canada), February 5, 2021

  Concord Student Wins Congressional App Challenge

  Patch News (California), February 4, 2021

  Share any amateur radio media hits you spot with us.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  Article: Ham Radio Forms a Planet-Sized Space Weather Sensor Network

  The article "Ham Radio Forms a Planet-Sized Space Weather Sensor
  Network," which appeared on February 9 in Eos, Earth & Space Science
  News, sprang from a project by the Ham Radio Science Citizen
  Investigation (HamSCI), founded by Nathaniel Frissell, W2NAF, of the
  University of Scranton, one of the paper's authors. The other authors
  are Kristina Collins, KD8OXT, who led the project, and David Kazdan,
  AD8Y, both of Case Western Reserve University (W8EDU). The article
  posits that, with their experience dealing with ionosphere-influenced
  propagation, radio amateurs have an empirical knowledge of space
  weather and offer a ready-made volunteer science community.

  The article covers the methods and research being used to monitor the
  effects of solar activity on Earth's atmosphere, telecommunications,
  and electrical utilities -- and the valuable data being crowdsourced
  from amateur radio signals.

  "To fully understand variability on small spatial scales and short
  timescales, the scientific community will require vastly larger and
  denser sensing networks that collect data on continental and global
  scales," the article asserts. "With open-source instrumentation cheaper
  and more plentiful than ever before, the time is ripe for amateur
  scientists to take distributed measurements of the ionosphere -- and
  the amateur radio community is up for the challenge."

  "The reach of these crowdsourced systems, and the support of the
  amateur community, offers tremendous opportunities for scientific
  measurements," the article notes.

  The research acknowledges a handful of HamSCI collaborators -- from
  organizations and universities -- and is supported by National Science
  Foundation grants. HamSCI's Personal Space Weather Station initiative
  aims to develop a network of specially equipped amateur stations that
  will allow amateurs to collect useful data for space science
  researchers. Ham radio operators and researchers, through HamSCI, are
  designing hardware for a distributed network of personal space weather
  stations, the article explains.

  The 2021 HamSCI virtual workshop will take place March 19 - 20. Read an
  expanded version.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------


  Announcements
    * CQ has announced that Trent Fleming, N4DTF, of Germantown,
      Tennessee, has been named CQ magazine's VHF-Plus Editor. He
      succeeds Tony Emanuele, K8ZR. Fleming's first column will appear in
      the April 2021 issue of CQ.
    * Michel Godart, F8GGZ, plans to celebrate United Nations World Radio
      Day, February 13, with special call sign TM23JMR (Journee Mondiale
      de la Radio). Activity will be on 1.8 through 14 MHz, SSB and CW.
    * Tom Callas, KC0W, has announced that he's activated Saipan (KH0)
      for the first time on 60 and 160 meters FT8. "The 160-meter pileups
      have been massive," he reports. Do not call on his transmit
      frequency.
    * Members of the West Bengal Radio Club (VU2WB) in India are
      celebrating United Nations World Radio Day, February 13, with the
      special call sign AT2WRD. Operation will continue until February
      20.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  A "Perfect Coronal Mass Ejection" Could Be a Nightmare

  A new study in the research journal Space Weather considers what might
  happen if a worst-case coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth -- a
  "perfect solar storm," if you will.

  In 2014, Bruce Tsurutani of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Gurbax
  Lakhina of the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism introduced the "perfect
  CME." It could create a magnetic storm with intensity up to the
  saturation limit, a value greater than the Carrington Event of 1859,
  the researchers said. The interplanetary shock would arrive at Earth
  within about 12 hours, the shock impingement onto the magnetosphere
  would create a sudden impulse of around 234 nanoteslas (nT), and the
  magnetic pulse duration in the magnetosphere would be about 22 seconds.
  Orbiting satellites would be exposed to "extreme levels of flare and
  interplanetary CME (ICME) shock-accelerated particle radiation," they
  said. The event would follow an initial CME that would "clear the path
  in front of it, allowing the storm cloud to hit Earth with maximum
  force."

  The CME's 12-hour travel time would allow little margin for
  preparation. The CME would hit Earth's magnetosphere at 45 times the
  local speed of sound, and the resulting geomagnetic storm could be as
  much as twice as strong as the Carrington Event. Power grids, GPS, and
  other services could experience significant outages.

  More recent research led by physicist Dan Welling of the University of
  Texas at Arlington took a fresh look at Tsurutani and Lakhina's
  "perfect CME," and given improvements in spaceweather modeling, he was
  able to reach new conclusions.

  Welling's team found that geomagnetic disturbances in response to a
  perfect CME could be 10 times stronger than Tsurutani and Lakhina had
  calculated, especially at latitudes above 45 to 50�. Read an expanded
  version.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  Club Gets Double Duty from Minnesota QSO Party 2021 Operation

  The Mississippi Valley Amateur Radio Association (MVARA) fielded a team
  to the parking lot of a local TV station to take part in the Minnesota
  QSO Party over the February 7 - 8 weekend. Not only did the group get
  some emergency exercise training but garnered positive publicity for
  amateur radio from the station's news team. Using special event call
  sign W0M, 10 radio amateurs -- including one newly minted

                                     Scott Neader, KA9FOX (left), and
                                     Bill Kleinschmidt, N9FDE, on the
                                     air.

  General-class ham who's still awaiting his call sign -- pitched in. The
  operation took place in an emergency communications bus, with
  everything set up like a Field Day operation, although in the Minnesota
  winter.

  "MVARA recently acquired a full-sized emergency communications bus that
  needed some TLC," said Scott Neader, KA9FOX -- one of the operators.
  "The club has been refurbishing it over the last year and was looking
  for an opportunity to operate from the bus to test out some of the
  recent improvements, as well as to test our ability to set up a viable
  HF communications center in less-than-ideal conditions."

  "As a bonus to operating at the TV station, the news department
  couldn't resist checking out what we were doing, and we wound up being
  a part of the 10 PM news broadcast," Neader said.

  Judging from the statistics the club posted on 3830.com, the operation
  was a great success. "We had a blast and are looking forward to more
  operations like this, as well as being able to use the communications
  bus as a mobile tool to educate students and the general public about
  amateur radio...and to support our communities with any emergency
  communication needs, as they may arise," Neader said.

  The W0M team claimed 203,392 points, with 908 (392 CW + 516 SSB)
  contacts in 57 US states and Canadian provinces and 54 out of 87
  Minnesota counties in 10 hours of operating. Read an expanded version.

  The K7RA Solar Update

  Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Sunspots are gone, with none seen
  since February 2 and 3. Spaceweather.com reports that a small
  proto-sunspot "is struggling to form" at the edge of the sun's
  southeast quadrant near the eastern horizon. They also report that 56%
  of the days so far in 2021 have been spotless. For all of 2020, 57% of
  the days were spotless.

  Average daily solar flux was 72.8 over this reporting week, down from
  74.2 last week. Average planetary A index increased from 6.7 to 7.7,
  and average daily middle latitude A index rose from 4.6 to 6. These are
  still low, quiet numbers, quite favorable for conditions on 80 and 160
  meters, particularly during winter.

  Predicted solar flux for the next 30 days is 72 on February 11 - 18; 78
  on February 19 - 22; 76 on February 23 - 25; 74 on February 26; 73 on
  February 27 - March 1; 72 on March 2 - 7; 74 on March 8 - 10, and 76 on
  March 11 - 12. Flux values may rise to 78 again after the middle of
  March.

  Predicted planetary A index is 5 on February 11 - 15; 10 on February 16
  - 18; 5 on February 19 - 20; 20, 16, and 12 on February 21 - 23; 5 on
  February 24 - 28; 18 and 14 on March 1 - 2; 5 on March 3 - 4; 8, 20,
  and 10 on March 5 - 7, and 5 on March 8 - 12.

  Sunspot numbers for February 4 - 10, 2021 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0,
  with a mean of 0. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 73.9, 72.8, 72.5, 73.2,
  73.6, 70, and 73.7, with a mean of 72.8. Estimated planetary A indices
  were 7, 6, 7, 21, 6, 4, and 3, with a mean of 7.7. Middle latitude A
  index was 7, 3, 4, 18, 6, 3, and 1, with a mean of 6.

  A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL
  website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the
  ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"
  and check out K9LA's Propagation Page.

  A propagation bulletin archive is available. For customizable
  propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio website.

  Share your reports and observations.
  In Brief...

  ARRL Member Sean Donelan, KM6NGN, of Concord, California, is the winner
  of the 2020 Congressional App Challenge (CAC) for California's 11th
  District, according to an announcement from US Representative Mark
  DeSaulnier (CA-11). Donelan, a 9th grader at Northgate High School,
  designed and created NetHam: The Public Service Event Coordinator's
  Third Hand. "My app is a radio that partially automates the more
  arduous and monotonous tasks of being the main operator of an amateur
  radio voice net. These tasks include automated sign-in of operators,
  easy tracking of participants without lengthy radio conversations, and
  an operator attention-keeper/attention-caller," Donelan told ARRL. "The
  point of these features is to allow a radio net control station to
  focus on the more important task of relaying pertinent information
  around a radio network, rather than focusing on constantly reciting and
  editing operator and event participant rosters."

  A scientific paper has linked Jupiter with solar cycles. The paper,
  published in Solar Physics, predicts that the Solar Cycle 25 maximum
  will take place in 2026 and reach an amplitude similar to that of Solar
  Cycle 24. "This article deals with the prediction of the upcoming solar
  activity cycle, Solar Cycle 25. We propose that astronomical ephemeris,
  specifically taken from the catalogs of aphelia of the four Jovian
  planets, could be drivers of variations in solar activity, represented
  by the series of sunspot numbers (SSN) from 1749 to 2020," the abstract
  reads. "We conclude with a prediction of Solar Cycle 25 that can be
  compared to a dozen predictions by other authors: The maximum would
  occur in 2026.2 (� 1 year) and reach an amplitude of 97.6 (� 7.8),
  similar to that of Solar Cycle 24."

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

  Just Ahead in Radiosport
    * February 13 -- Asia-Pacific Spring Sprint, CW
    * February 13 -- Feld Hell Sprint
    * February 13 -- RSGB 1.8 MHz Contest (CW)
    * February 13 - 14 -- The HamCation QSO Party
    * February 13 - 14 -- CQ WW RTTY WPX Contest
    * February 13 - 14 -- SARL Field Day Contest (CW, phone, digital)
    * February 13 - 14 -- Dutch PACC Contest (CW, phone)
    * February 13 - 14 -- SKCC Weekend Sprintathon (CW)
    * February 13 - 15 -- YLRL YL-OM Contest (CW, phone, digital)
    * February 13 - 14 -- OMISS QSO Party (Phone)
    * February 13 - 14 -- AWA AM QSO Party
    * February 14 -- PODXS 070 Club Valentine Sprint
    * February 14 -- Balkan HF Contest (CW, phone)
    * February 15 -- CQC Winter QSO Party (CW)
    * February 15 -- 4 States QRP Group Second Sunday Sprint (CW, phone)
    * February 15 -- RSGB FT4 Contest Series
    * February 17 -- AGCW Semi-Automatic Key Evening
    * February 20 - 21 -- ARRL International DX Contest (CW)

  Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions

  Many conventions and hamfests have been canceled or postponed due to
  the coronavirus pandemic. Check the calendar of canceled events on the
  ARRL website.
    * February 13 - 14 -- Orlando HamCation Special Edition (online)
    * March 13 - 14 -- QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo

  Find conventions and hamfests in your area.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------

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