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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
What Speaker Johnson’s historically small majority looks like after | |
Arizona’s special election | |
By Clare Foran and Annette Choi, CNN | |
Updated: | |
11:34 PM EDT, Tue September 23, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
House Democrats will add to their ranks after Adelita Grijalva won | |
Arizona’s special election on Tuesday. | |
That will bring the partisan breakdown in the House to 219 Republicans | |
and 214 Democrats, with two seats still vacant. | |
With his historically narrow majority, Speaker Mike Johnson can only | |
lose two Republicans on any party-line vote. | |
The outcome of the election is also expected to give GOP Rep. Thomas | |
Massie and Democratic Rep. Ro Khanna the 218 signatures they need to | |
force on the release of more files related to the Jeffrey Epstein case. | |
At the start of the 119th Congress, Johnson was already facing the | |
narrowest House majority in nearly 100 years. The tight margin has | |
created a major challenge for congressional Republicans as they seek to | |
enact Trump’s legislative priorities, leaving little room for error. | |
Republicans won 220 House seats the majority since the outset of the | |
Great Depression, almost a century ago. | |
At the start of the new session of Congress, however, the partisan | |
breakdown stood at 219 to 215, because former GOP Rep. Matt Gaetz of | |
Florida | |
Passing a bill in the House requires a majority of all members present | |
and voting. The magic number is 218 if every member shows up to vote | |
and all 435 seats are filled, but that can change if there are | |
vacancies or absences. A tie vote in the House is a fail. | |
How the House majority ranks in history | |
The last time a minority in the House held 215 or more seats was after | |
the 1930 elections, when Republicans won 218 seats, Democrats won 216 | |
and the Farmer-Labor Party won one. | |
The 72nd Congress — which took place in the early years of the Great | |
Depression era — officially started in March 1931, but did not | |
actually convene to conduct legislative business until months later, in | |
December 1931. | |
At the official start of that term, in March, the House margin had | |
narrowed even further — to 217 seats for Republicans to 216 for | |
Democrats with one seat for the Farmer-Labor party and one vacancy as a | |
result of the death of one Republican. | |
In an unusual turn of events, however, the partisan breakdown by the | |
time Congress convened when a series of additional deaths and ensuing | |
special elections flipped control of the chamber to Democrats, though | |
the margin remained narrow. | |
According to , the 65th Congress had the closest party split in | |
American history, but in that case, the partisan division was so narrow | |
that neither party secured an outright majority in the House based on | |
election results, . As a result, a handful of third-party lawmakers | |
played a decisive role when the House convened to elect a speaker. | |
Challenges created by a narrow majority | |
Johnson won the speakership in a nail-biter of a vote at the start of | |
the 119th Congress. | |
The election took place with the majority at 219 to 215, which meant | |
that Johnson could only lose a single Republican vote if every lawmaker | |
voted and all Democrats voted against him. | |
The partisan breakdown in the House has shifted several times since | |
then as a result of vacancies that have arisen due to lawmaker deaths | |
and resignations. | |
Johnson has at times had a bit more breathing room and congressional | |
Republicans have gone on to pass major legislation – most notably | |
Trump’s in July – but not without challenges uniting their | |
conference. | |
GOP leaders lost two Republican votes on final passage of the tax and | |
spending cuts bill in the House. Reps. Thomas Massie of Kentucky and | |
Brian Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania voted alongside Democrats against the | |
measure. | |
The next major legislative fight facing Congress will be over | |
government funding with a shutdown deadline looming at the end of | |
September. | |
This story and headline have been updated with additional developments. | |
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