.-') _ .-') _ | |
( OO ) ) ( OO ) ) | |
.-----. ,--./ ,--,' ,--./ ,--,' | |
' .--./ | \ | |\ | \ | |\ | |
| |('-. | \| | )| \| | ) | |
/_) |OO )| . |/ | . |/ | |
|| |`-'| | |\ | | |\ | | |
(_' '--'\ | | \ | | | \ | | |
`-----' `--' `--' `--' `--' | |
lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Western recognition won’t change the reality on the ground: A | |
Palestinian state has never seemed further away | |
By Ivana Kottasová, CNN | |
Updated: | |
9:55 AM EDT, Sun September 21, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
The quest for Palestinian independence gained a major boost on Sunday | |
as diplomatic heavyweights, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, | |
formally recognized a State of Palestine ahead of the United Nations | |
General Assembly. | |
France is expected to follow suit at the UN General Assembly this week, | |
with President Emmanuel Macron stating in July that the country would | |
recognize a Palestinian state, leading the way for other key | |
international powers to join them. | |
Formal recognition by three G7 countries – two of which are also | |
permanent members of the United Nations Security Council – along with | |
Portugal, Belgium and others – will mark a symbolic milestone for the | |
Palestinian cause. But the current situation on the ground makes it | |
almost impossible to imagine that a two-state solution, through which a | |
sovereign Palestinian state would exist alongside Israel, could become | |
a reality. | |
Many analysts and activists say this is the result of decades of | |
Israeli policy aimed at sabotaging the two-state solution by building | |
Jewish settlements on Palestinian land and undermining the Palestinian | |
Authority (PA), which governs parts of the territory. | |
Others point a finger at the PA, which remains among Palestinians and | |
is seen by many as weak, corrupt and lacking legitimacy. | |
Yossi Mekelberg, a senior consulting fellow at the London-based think | |
tank Chatham House and a professor of international relations, said | |
that a Palestinian state is the furthest it has been from becoming | |
reality since the Oslo Accords established a peace process more than | |
three decades ago. | |
“And in the sense of the relations between Israel and Palestinians, | |
it’s the worst situation, probably, since 1948 (when Israel declared | |
independence),” he told CNN. | |
The government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the most far-right | |
in Israel’s history, has become very vocal and steadfast in its | |
rejection of a Palestinian state. Ideas previously pushed by fringe, | |
far-right segments of Israeli society have become mainstream, with | |
ministers openly calling for the annexation of the occupied West Bank | |
and for the expulsion of Palestinians from Gaza. | |
Israel’s far-right Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich left no room for | |
doubt earlier this year, when he said that the approval of thousands of | |
new Jewish housing units in the West Bank will “permanently bury the | |
idea of a Palestinian state, because there is nothing to recognize and | |
no one to recognize.” | |
This shift has caused alarm among proponents of a two-state solution. | |
“They are very loud and clear about not ever wanting to see a | |
Palestinian state and doing whatever they need to do to obstruct it and | |
I think that this is what largely spurred the UK, Australia, France… | |
to take the step now,” said Julie Norman, an associate professor at | |
University College London and a senior associate fellow at the Royal | |
United Services Institute (RUSI), a British defense and security think | |
tank. | |
This reasoning is clear in the case of the UK, where an influential | |
demanded the government recognize the State of Palestine now “while | |
there is still a state to recognize.” | |
Ever-expanding settlements | |
The UN considers East Jerusalem, the occupied West Bank and Gaza to be | |
Palestinian territories, and the land that would make up the future | |
Palestinian state. | |
But East Jerusalem has long been annexed by Israel and decades of | |
expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank have turned the | |
would-be-state into a collection of disjointed Palestinian pockets cut | |
off from each other by checkpoints, roads and swathes of land | |
controlled by the Israeli military. | |
Some 700,000 Israeli settlers, most of whom are Jewish, now live in the | |
occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem, in settlements considered | |
illegal under international law. | |
That number is likely to rise. In recent months, the Netanyahu | |
government has approved a massive expansion of settlements, including | |
E1, a controversial project to build thousands of new homes that would | |
effectively cut the West Bank in two. Announcing the revival of the | |
long-stalled E1 scheme in August, Smotrich .“The Palestinian state is | |
being erased from the table not with slogans, but with actions,” he | |
said. | |
Lior Amihai, executive director of Peace Now, an Israeli | |
non-governmental organization that advocates for a two-state solution | |
and monitors the expansion of settlements and violence in the West | |
Bank, told CNN the situation there has never been so dire. | |
“Our researchers on the ground are finding new outposts on a weekly | |
basis, roads are being erected and created illegally on a regular | |
basis. The annexation is already happening,” he said. | |
“Settler violence that leads to the expulsion of Palestinian | |
communities, violence against women, children, elderly men, is | |
happening on a record scale, on a regular basis, and without any | |
accountability, if not with the support of Israeli law enforcement | |
authorities like the military and the police.” | |
According to the UN, some 1,000 Palestinians have been killed in the | |
occupied West Bank since the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on October 7, | |
2023. | |
Gaza, meanwhile, has been reduced largely to rubble by nearly two years | |
of relentless bombardment and ground operations launched by Israel | |
following the attacks. | |
One in 10 people living in Gaza has been killed or injured in the war, | |
according to a former chief of the Israeli military, . Many | |
international experts, including the International Association of | |
Genocide Scholars, two leading and an have concluded that Israel has | |
committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. | |
Security question | |
Both Israel and its closest and most powerful ally, the United States, | |
have criticized the moves by the UK, Canada, Australia and others to | |
recognize a Palestinian state. | |
But the US and Israel are becoming increasingly isolated. The countries | |
set to recognize Palestinian statehood will be joining more than 140 | |
nations that already do so. And while the recognition was previously | |
limited to mostly non-Western countries, this has changed in the past | |
few years, with more European and Caribbean nations taking the step. | |
Several Israeli officials, including Netanyahu, have accused them of | |
“rewarding terrorism,” an accusation by the US State Department. | |
Elliott Abrams, who has served in three Republican administrations, | |
including during Trump’s first term, said that he believed the | |
countries’ decisions to recognize Palestinian statehood were | |
motivated by domestic political pressures. | |
“This does absolutely nothing to benefit one single Palestinian. It | |
is a result of domestic political pressure from the left and from | |
Muslim groups… these are democracies, and they are reacting to the | |
desires of voters. But it’s not going to help Palestinians at all,” | |
he told CNN. Abrams, currently a senior fellow for Middle Eastern | |
Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, is among those who argue | |
that the two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is no | |
longer viable – partly because, he said, Israel cannot allow it. | |
“The critical question for Israel is, especially after October 7, | |
security. Israel now has the ability to go in and out of the West Bank | |
at will, against Hamas and other terrorist groups. If Palestine were a | |
sovereign state, (Israel) would lose that ability, so I don’t think | |
there’s a real possibility any longer for a Palestinian state,” he | |
said. | |
But according to both RUSI’s Norman and Amihai of Peace Now, | |
Israel’s security is precisely the reason why an independent | |
Palestinian state is necessary. | |
“As long as there is occupation, as long as there is Israeli control | |
over the territories, there’s always going to be some kind of | |
resistance to that, whether it’s Hamas or another body,” Norman | |
said. | |
“This is going to be necessary for Israel’s security. It is not | |
rewarding Hamas, if the way that this is being framed is that Hamas has | |
to disarm to allow this to go forward,” she said, pointing to the New | |
York Declaration approved by the UN General Assembly in recent days. | |
The resolution, which outlines steps towards a two-state solution and | |
backs a Hamas-free government for Palestine, says that governance, law | |
enforcement and security must lie solely with the PA, with appropriate | |
international support. | |
Hamas has ruled in Gaza since taking over following a brief civil war | |
with rival faction Fatah, which dominates the PA, in 2007. It has not | |
held an election since then. | |
As for whether the plan is workable, Amihai has a simple answer. | |
“It’s always a question of price and the alternatives. If the | |
alternative is to have an apartheid state without security, without | |
democracy, then it’s not an alternative,” he said. | |
“And of course, even evacuating half a million settlers (from the | |
occupied West Bank) is a price worth paying in order to have democracy | |
for all people, freedom for all people and security for all people,” | |
he said. | |
“The Israeli government are now taking an enterprise of destruction | |
of the livelihood of 2 million Palestinians in Gaza, and are | |
fantasizing about transferring them elsewhere. That is a much bigger | |
project than establishing or providing the possibility to establish | |
Palestinian statehood.” | |
Symbols matter | |
Analysts across the board recognize that at present, the reality on the | |
ground makes a functioning Palestinian state impossible – even if | |
they disagree on whether that’s because Israel has spent decades | |
torpedoing the two-state solution, or because the PA is considered | |
dysfunctional and corrupt. | |
But many say that even though the recognition by the UK, France and | |
others won’t change that reality in the short term, it could start | |
moving the needle. | |
Ardi Imseis, an associate professor of international law at Queen’s | |
University in Canada, former UN official in the Middle East and author | |
of the 2023 book “The United Nations and the Question of | |
Palestine,” said the step is not just symbolic. | |
“Although the act of recognition is a political one, once it is | |
given, very clear legal consequences flow that impact the recognizing | |
state’s obligations under international law,” he told CNN. | |
Among these, he said, are the obligations to respect the territorial | |
integrity and political independence of the recognized state and to | |
accept the inherent right of self-defense by the recognized state if it | |
is subject to an unlawful use of force. | |
“These three norms are fundamental to the maintenance of | |
international peace and security. And in Palestine, each of them is | |
being violated by Israel,” he said, pointing to the 2024 advisory | |
opinion by the International Court of Justice, the UN’s top court, | |
that Israeli occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem is illegal. | |
Whether these latest countries’ recognition of Palestinian statehood | |
will be followed by any meaningful action is unclear, given the many | |
decades of failures by the international community to back up peace | |
plans with concrete measures. | |
The New York Declaration outlines steps for Israel, the PA and the | |
international community to take, including the possibility of imposing | |
restrictions on those who try to undermine them. Mekelberg of Chatham | |
House said that if these materialize, it could make a real difference. | |
European states in particular could put much more pressure on Israel | |
through trade restrictions, as the European Union is by far Israel’s | |
largest trading partner. “They could cause a lot of economic misery. | |
For example, every time there is an announcement of new settlements, | |
there should come some reaction that has economic and diplomatic | |
impact,” he explained. | |
The EU has sanctioned some violent settlers and said it would review | |
its association agreement with Israel. Earlier this week, the EU | |
Commission proposed against “extremist ministers and violent | |
settlers” and removing some of the country’s trade concessions, | |
which would effectively mean putting new tariffs on Israel. | |
The recognition, Mekelberg said, also goes both ways, placing greater | |
obligations on the Palestinian Authority. “From the Palestinian point | |
of view, it’s a responsibility. If you are a state, you behave | |
differently, or you should behave differently, and this has to be | |
tested, because at the end of the day, both sides have to make | |
concessions.” | |
<- back to index |