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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Intel officials are split on whether Russia deliberately flew drones | |
into Poland but agree Putin is getting more aggressive | |
By Katie Bo Lillis, Isabelle Khurshudyan, Natasha Bertrand, CNN | |
Updated: | |
9:16 AM EDT, Fri September 19, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
In the week since NATO fighter jets scrambled to that had crossed into | |
alliance airspace in Poland, US and Western intelligence officials have | |
been unable to determine whether the incursion was accidental or an | |
intentional effort by Russia to probe Western air defenses and gauge | |
NATO’s response. | |
Officials cautioned that either way, the episode still represents a | |
worrying signal that the Kremlin’s willingness to pique NATO — | |
perhaps at the risk of escalating the conflict — has grown. | |
“It doesn’t mean it’s not dangerous,” a senior Western | |
intelligence official said. “There’s certainly something that has | |
changed in the way that the Kremlin is thinking about their risk | |
tolerance on targeting.” | |
But intelligence gathered about the drones themselves — their flight | |
pattern and their technical specifications — has been mixed and | |
difficult to interpret. | |
Ukraine and Poland have both said publicly that they are convinced the | |
incursion was deliberate — an assessment shared by multiple European | |
nations. | |
But President Donald Trump last week told reporters it “could have | |
been a mistake,” earning him a public rebuke from Polish Prime | |
Minister Donald Tusk, who said “we know” the incursion was no | |
mistake. | |
In conversations with a dozen senior US and Western military, | |
intelligence, diplomatic and congressional officials, it was clear that | |
there is no consensus view across the NATO alliance. | |
One senior US military official in the region put the odds that Russia | |
intentionally entered NATO airspace at “50-50.” | |
Absent clear intelligence out of Russia — one of the intelligence | |
community’s hardest targets — it’s a nearly impossible case to | |
adjudicate with high confidence, outside analysts said. That puts NATO | |
in the uncomfortable position of determining how to respond to an | |
unprecedented incident without a clear sense of what Russia intended. | |
“We just don’t have sufficient intel one way or another,” said | |
another US source familiar with the intelligence. | |
Although the senior Western intelligence official said that the drones | |
flight pattern suggested that the drones were lost and attempting to | |
reacquire a GPS signal — suggesting they had simply been knocked off | |
course by Ukrainian jamming — other indicators could be interpreted | |
either way. | |
The fact that many of the Russian drones were unarmed dummies could | |
mean that Russia wanted to probe Polish air defenses without running | |
the risk of any casualties. But many of the drones Russia sends into | |
Ukraine in any attack are dummies, designed to spoof and exhaust | |
Ukrainian air defenses, experts say. This, too, could be coincidental. | |
And the sheer number of drones that veered into Poland is hardly | |
dispositive, senior officials and outside analysts said, because the | |
drones are often programmed in bulk and in attacks of this size, it’s | |
logical that 19 or 20 might encounter Ukrainian electronic war defenses | |
and respond identically. In the last several weeks alone, there have | |
been at least four salvos from Russia into Ukraine that involved more | |
than 400 projectiles in the air at once, the senior Western | |
intelligence official noted. | |
Privately, some officials have formed an opinion. The senior Western | |
intelligence official told CNN that they were “leaning” towards an | |
assessment that the incident was unintentional, even as they condemned | |
it as a worrying sign that the Kremlin has become more reckless. The US | |
source familiar with the intelligence agreed. | |
Yet, another US military official and one congressional official | |
familiar with the intelligence said it appeared intentional. | |
Ukrainian officials contacted by CNN acknowledged that Kyiv deploys | |
electronic warfare and jamming during Russian aerial attacks, which can | |
cause enemy drones to go off their programmed course. Another Russian | |
drone veered into Romania earlier this week. But a senior official | |
added that he had “never witnessed such huge deviations” in more | |
than three years of war. | |
“This is the balance. Are we dismissing this or are we thinking this | |
is a significant escalation in the sense that Russia is now directly | |
probing its potential adversaries air defenses?” said Samuel Bendett, | |
an expert in Russian military technology. | |
Ukrainians concerned military support may be diverted to NATO members | |
Though Ukrainian officials had initially hoped the Russian drone | |
incident would spark a strong response from Western allies, Kyiv has | |
emphasized that surging more air defense systems and munitions to the | |
country should be the priority. Ukraine has appealed for more US made | |
Patriot systems, and some officials now fear that materiel might now be | |
redirected to NATO allies on its border. | |
If the incursion was intentional, said the congressional official | |
familiar with the intelligence, it was likely designed to do a number | |
of things: probe Western defenses to gauge the reaction time, learn | |
more about how NATO responds, map the routes used by the West to ship | |
weapons into Ukraine and identify future targets — and of course, | |
antagonize the West. Russia might hope that raising the specter of | |
civilian casualties in a NATO country could create fissures in public | |
support for the war in Ukraine, noted the senior Western intelligence | |
official. | |
But even if it was unintentional, the senior Western intelligence | |
official said, the episode suggested that Russia is more willing to | |
risk an accidental strike on NATO, either through sloppy targeting or | |
inadequate electronic warfare defenses or something else. That | |
heightens the risk of a dangerous miscalculation that could end in | |
direct conflict. | |
“Whether it was intentional or not, it is absolutely reckless, it is | |
absolutely dangerous,” NATO Secretary Mark Rutte said over the | |
weekend, while cautioning that the assessment remained ongoing. | |
But part of what makes Russia’s intentions so difficult to parse is | |
the fact that Moscow often engages in provocative actions behind a | |
shady gauze of plausible deniability. The episode might have, in fact, | |
been designed to appear inadvertent, multiple officials and outside | |
experts said. | |
The Russian military has said only that there were “no plans to | |
target facilities on the territory of Poland.” And according to | |
Bendett, one Russian UAV expert has noted that Russia’s armed drones | |
have military grade antennas and sensors that were able to overcome | |
Ukrainian electronic warfare tactics, while the dummy drones that flew | |
into Poland, with cheaper GPS and other sensors, were not. | |
Poland has said that Belarus, whose territory the drones were launched | |
from, also sent warning that off-course drones were headed for its | |
airspace. | |
Both of those things are why the senior Western intelligence official | |
says they believe the episode was an accident. | |
“Usually if the Russians intended something like this, they don’t | |
talk about it,” this person said. | |
But of course, those two data points could also have been part of an | |
elaborate smokescreen. Russia may have been looking for “a way to see | |
what’s up in a way that would be easy to walk back, dismiss, and have | |
everybody say, ‘This was not an intentional strike,’” Bendett | |
said — an incursion that was “intentional to make it look | |
unintentional.” | |
“These are the logical and intellectual questions we’re all | |
wrestling with,” he said. “A lot in NATO and Eastern Europe are | |
saying this was likely intentional precisely because we would all be | |
saying, ‘Well, an attack of 800 drones and 20 were off course? Yeah, | |
that’s a margin of error that’s acceptable in such a large | |
attack.’” | |
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