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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
How the world’s most elderly country is fighting heat in a deadly | |
double crisis | |
By Jessie Yeung, Hanako Montgomery and Yumi Asada, CNN | |
Updated: | |
8:00 AM EDT, Fri September 19, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Whenever he’s home, 84-year-old Toshiaki Morioka carries an alarm | |
device that measures temperature and humidity, which can summon | |
emergency responders at the press of a button. He takes it to bed, to | |
the kitchen, even to the bath. | |
That’s because he knows he could easily fall victim to heatstroke – | |
which kills hundreds of elderly Japanese each year, and which has | |
impacted tens of thousands this summer amid record-breaking | |
temperatures. | |
The alarm device is part of a government push to combat a deadly double | |
emergency: the collision of Japan’s climate crisis and its aging | |
population. | |
While elderly people everywhere are especially vulnerable to the | |
effects of extreme heat, Japan’s problem is exacerbated by isolation | |
and other cultural factors. | |
Like millions of other Japanese elders, Morioka lives alone and worries | |
no one would know if he suddenly became ill. Heatstroke can come with | |
little warning for older people. | |
“Just day-to-day living is tough,” he said. “When you get sick | |
– if you’re alone, there’s nothing you can do.” | |
Japan isn’t the only country facing this predicament. and also just | |
had their hottest summers on record, while much of Europe faced its , | |
with human-caused climate change driving higher temperatures and more | |
extreme, unpredictable weather. | |
Many of these places are seeing . But Japan is widely considered the | |
world’s oldest and fastest-aging society – meaning other countries | |
will be watching closely for potential solutions as it races to protect | |
its elderly residents on the front lines of rising heat. | |
Deadly heat | |
This past summer has been Japan’s hottest on record, according to the | |
official In August, Japan recorded its at 41.8 degrees Celsius (107.24 | |
Fahrenheit). | |
The heat this year lasted for long, suffocating stretches. High | |
temperatures began in June and lasted into September, long past the | |
usual end of summer. In late August, central Tokyo sweltered through | |
nine consecutive days of temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius (95 | |
Fahrenheit) – the longest heat streak on record, according to the | |
meteorological agency. | |
Through the unrelenting summer, Japan’s hospitals have received waves | |
of elderly patients, including some who collapsed at home, or on the | |
street under the scorching sun. | |
Climate change, largely caused by the burning of planet-heating fossil | |
fuels, is making heat waves more common, intense and long-lasting. And | |
as global average temperatures continue to climb, severe heat – as | |
seen in Japan this summer – could be the new normal. | |
Hundreds of seniors already die of heatstroke every year in the | |
country. Between May and August, 90,000 people nationwide were taken to | |
the hospital for heatstroke – some of whom needed to be hospitalized | |
for weeks on end, according to Japan’s | |
The elderly “often don’t feel the heat as much, have more | |
difficulty regulating body temperature, and don’t notice thirst as | |
easily,” said Takashi Shimazaki, section manager of the health | |
department in Tokyo’s Nerima ward. “Because of that, there’s a | |
high chance they may develop heatstroke without even realizing it.” | |
Humans sweat to cool themselves down through the process of | |
evaporation. But “this mechanism actually becomes weaker for older | |
people,” making it harder for the elderly to cool down, said Qiang | |
Guo, an assistant professor at the University of Tsukuba who leads a | |
lab group researching climate change solutions. | |
In Japan, the problem is heightened by specific cultural and | |
demographic factors. For instance, said Guo, the falling birth rate | |
means Japan has a shrinking workforce, with fewer young people | |
available to fill the gaps left by aging workers – who in turn are | |
forced to keep toiling instead of retiring. | |
“More than 70% of farmers in Japan are (aged) greater than 65, and | |
these older people are vulnerable to heat stress,” he said. “So, | |
when heat stress or a heat wave comes, it’s not only a public health | |
issue … but also it is an economic issue.” | |
Another factor that may baffle outsiders is a reluctance to use air | |
conditioners at home. | |
Out of the 101 suspected heatstroke deaths in Tokyo this summer, 66 | |
happened in rooms with air conditioners (ACs) that weren’t being | |
used, | |
It’s a long-standing problem that stems from both tradition and | |
necessity. | |
“There was a time when summers weren’t as hot as now, so many | |
(elderly) got used to living without air conditioning,” said | |
Shimazaki. “Those people may try to get by with just a fan even | |
during extreme heat.” | |
Others may avoid using ACs because they believe it’s not | |
environmentally friendly, or because they can’t afford to pay high | |
electricity bills – especially if they’re living alone without | |
income, relying on welfare and government support. | |
That’s why Morioka, the 84-year-old in Tokyo, uses his AC sparingly. | |
His kids call to check on him and ask whether he’s using air | |
conditioning, he said – to which he responds, “Well, I want to, but | |
it costs money.” | |
But he’s still wary of getting heat stroke, “so at night I set the | |
AC with a timer. When the timer ends it shuts off, but then I wake up | |
in the middle of the night because it’s hot. Then I turn it on | |
again,” he said. “It’s that cycle, really.” | |
Widespread isolation | |
One of the biggest risk factors, however, is isolation. | |
Loneliness has been a national concern for years, extending across age | |
brackets – even prompting the government to appoint a Minister of | |
Loneliness and Isolation in 2021. | |
But the problem is especially acute for seniors, left vulnerable in | |
their sunset years without support networks. | |
As of 2020, more than 13% of Japanese households were people aged 65 | |
or above who lived alone, according to the National Institute of | |
Population and Social Security Research. That number is expected to | |
keep rising – making up one fifth of all households by 2050, the | |
institute predicted last year. | |
Many of these elderly live alone in small towns and in the countryside, | |
after their children flocked to urban centers like Tokyo, said Guo. | |
The consequences of elderly isolation have become clear in several | |
recent grim phenomena – such as the rise of “lonely deaths,” | |
where people go undiscovered for weeks, or longer, after dying. Of | |
76,000 deaths last year of people who lived alone and died at home, | |
more than 70% were aged 65 or older, , citing police figures. | |
Some seniors resort to desperate means, such as stealing food, to | |
survive. Others find they , preferring regular meals, free healthcare, | |
eldercare and companionship behind bars that they lack on the outside. | |
When it comes to heat, this isolation can be equally devastating. | |
Seniors may not have anyone to call upon if they start feeling ill – | |
and there’s nobody around to notice the symptoms for those who | |
don’t realize they’re suffering from heatstroke until it’s too | |
late. | |
Potential solutions | |
The clock is ticking for Japan to find solutions, with the impact from | |
its demographic crisis expected to last decades – and Asia warming | |
nearly twice as quickly as the rest of the world, according to the | |
World Meteorological Organization. | |
“I think that China and also South Korea will look at what measures | |
have been taken in Japan … and the effects, and whether they should | |
learn something,” said Guo. | |
Japan’s initiatives range from the practical to the innovative. For | |
instance, various cities including Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya have offered | |
subsidies for the elderly to buy AC units. They’ve also introduced | |
“cooling spots” – air-conditioned indoor public spaces designed | |
to help people rest and hydrate. | |
There are 270 such cooling spots in Tokyo’s Nerima ward alone, said | |
Shimazaki. These include both government facilities and local private | |
businesses that offer cool spaces in shops, pharmacies, community | |
centers, libraries, cafes and more. | |
Nerima has also installed an emergency alert system – which is what | |
Morioka uses in his home. These emergency alert devices, about the size | |
of a large electronic tablet, play a warning message when there is a | |
high risk of heatstroke, and allows users to make calls for help, said | |
Shimazaki. | |
There are other technological solutions being trialed, such as a | |
heatstroke prevention wristwatch that detects rises in body | |
temperature, which the Tokyo government is helping develop and | |
distribute. | |
But much of the government’s efforts focus on filling the biggest gap | |
in elderly lives: human company and attentiveness. | |
Many local authorities have launched community programs, enlisting | |
volunteers to go door-to-door and check in on the elderly. | |
Besides gauging their health and well-being, these volunteers offer | |
information such as advice on how to stay cool – part of a wider | |
awareness campaign that includes distributing pamphlets in public | |
spaces and holding free talks on the topic. | |
For Morioka, these home visits are a valued resource after his wife | |
died three years ago. He makes sure to drink water and wear a hat when | |
he goes outside during the summer – his way of honoring an old vow. | |
“It was a promise with my wife – to live until 99 (years old),” | |
he said, tearing up as he spoke to CNN inside his home. “We had said | |
we’d live a long life together, but we couldn’t.” | |
“With the heat, I go about life sweating like this, but … living | |
alone really is tough,” he said. | |
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