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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Censoring museums risks diminishing American exceptionalism, experts | |
warn | |
By Rebekah Riess, CNN | |
Updated: | |
7:00 AM EDT, Wed September 17, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
As museums across the country to scale back a purported | |
“overemphasis” on difficult subjects like slavery, experts warn | |
such moves could diminish American exceptionalism and limit national | |
progress while sidestepping the full historical picture visitors want. | |
“The Smithsonian is OUT OF CONTROL, where everything discussed is how | |
horrible our Country is, how bad Slavery was, and how unaccomplished | |
the downtrodden have been,” President Donald Trump in August as he | |
directed his attorneys to review the non-profit that runs the | |
nation’s flagship, federally funded . | |
“Nothing about Success, nothing about Brightness, nothing about the | |
Future,” he added, comparing the review to his . | |
came weeks after the Smithsonian began its own review to its | |
“nonpartisan stature” and on the heels of the launch of a to ensure | |
its “alignment with the President’s directive to celebrate American | |
exceptionalism, remove divisive or partisan narratives, and restore | |
confidence in our shared cultural institutions,” his aides wrote. | |
That order, though, may be misaligned with what American museum-goers | |
have told researchers: that they want a variety of perspectives and a | |
complete picture of their shared past – without evident omissions or | |
sugarcoating. | |
Beyond that, minimizing or cutting out so-called “bad” history | |
risks sucking the truth out of America’s story and losing compelling | |
pieces of a collective identity, experts told CNN. It could also | |
sideline key knowledge that drives civic advancement and elevates US | |
standing on the world stage, they said. | |
With leaders of the Smithsonian vowing to “continue to collaborate | |
constructively” with the Trump administration, experts in the museum | |
field are keeping a close eye on how their peers in Washington, DC, | |
meet this critical moment – while standing their ground against | |
threats of censorship trickling down from the White House. | |
“I have great confidence,” US museums pioneer Bryan Stevenson said, | |
“that this nation is great enough to learn the truth of its history | |
and still succeed.” | |
The dangers of censoring the ‘bad’ | |
The White House’s efforts to recast the focus of the Smithsonian – | |
with its 21 museums and National Zoo -– reflect Trump’s opposition | |
to what he described in a March executive order as a “revisionist | |
movement seeks to undermine the remarkable achievements of the United | |
States.” | |
“Under this historical revision, our Nation’s unparalleled legacy | |
of advancing liberty, individual rights, and human happiness is | |
reconstructed as inherently racist, sexist, oppressive, or otherwise | |
irredeemably flawed,” states the order titled, “Restoring Truth and | |
Sanity to American History.” | |
Minimizing parts of history deemed “bad,” however, does a | |
disservice to America’s central underdog narrative and lessens | |
national-level achievements, experts warned. | |
“It’s just not the same story without the backdrop,” said | |
Stevenson, executive director of the nonprofit which runs The Legacy | |
Museum, The National Memorial for Peace and Justice and Freedom | |
Monument Sculpture Park that address the US history of slavery, | |
lynching and racial segregation. | |
Stevenson points to exhibits at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of | |
African American History and Culture that focus on the accomplishments | |
of NBA legend Michael Jordan and “King of Pop” Michael Jackson, as | |
well as the extraordinary achievements of former President Barack Obama | |
and other African Americans who reached the pinnacles of success in | |
business, politics, sports and entertainment. | |
Similar figures – from Revolutionary era hero Crispus Attucks to | |
flight trailblazer Amelia Earhart – in a “National Garden of | |
American Heroes” Trump has championed. | |
“But you won’t appreciate the success of the Tuskegee Airmen, the | |
Navajo Code Breakers or other people of color who’ve done great | |
things if you don’t understand the burdens and the barriers and the | |
obstacles they had to overcome,” Stevenson said. | |
“We all like stories about people who suffer injuries but recover and | |
go on and achieve great things, people who fall down but get back | |
up,” he went on. “But you don’t skip the part about how they were | |
unfairly targeted, unfairly injured, unfairly held back. You have to | |
emphasize that to appreciate their achievement.” | |
US standing in the world is at risk | |
Key in the Trump administration’s review of the Smithsonian is the | |
notion that deep historical rifts continue to impact the country in a | |
negative way, the White House aide leading the process told Fox News | |
last month. | |
“There’s a lot of history to our country – both positive and | |
negative – but we need to keep moving forward,” Lindsey Halligan . | |
“We can’t just keep focusing on the negative. All it does is divide | |
us.” | |
But minimizing difficult or harmful parts of the nation’s history | |
could pose a broader potential consequence of “diminishing our | |
stature as a nation on the international stage,” said John Chrastka, | |
executive director of a nonpartisan organization working toward | |
“sustaining libraries as they evolve and grow in the 21st century.” | |
Most countries have history that is difficult, he said. Owning it, | |
especially alongside steps to try to make up for systemic injustice, | |
has become a global mark of distinction from to to . | |
“I don’t think that we can be a country that’s world-class,” | |
Chrastka said, “I don’t think we can be a nation that’s mature, I | |
don’t think we can be a nation that leads amongst other nations, if | |
we bury our own truths.” | |
People also need to understand the fulsome truth to make informed | |
decisions on a range of issues affecting daily life, Stevenson said. | |
“No one goes to the doctor and tells their doctor, ‘If I have high | |
blood pressure, if I have diabetes – don’t tell me! I forbid you | |
from telling me! I don’t want to know about it!’ Because that’s a | |
recipe for poor health, for early death,” Stevenson explained. “The | |
way we get better, the way we stay healthy, is by learning the truth | |
about our history, about our health, about our society, about what’s | |
a threat, what’s not a threat, and then confronting it and then | |
overcoming it.” | |
Taking a position that facets of US history weren’t “‘that | |
bad,’ even though it’s empirically proven to be ‘that bad’ … | |
really makes it much more difficult for us to have honest conversations | |
with each other as neighbors,” Chrastka added. | |
CNN has reached out to Halligan and the White House for further | |
comment. | |
Americans want a range of perspectives | |
Data from an annual survey of museum-goers, done over the past year in | |
partnership with the American Alliance of Museums, shows the majority | |
of participants supported and wanted museums to share inclusive | |
programming that tells multiple perspectives and gives a full picture | |
of the country’s history. | |
While there were significant differences in the responses of | |
conservative and liberal survey respondents, even then, the majority of | |
conservatives – in step with liberals – favored inclusive | |
programming, the survey conducted by Wilkening Consulting shows. | |
Additionally, a lot of written-in survey comments, along with | |
qualitative field work, indicated Americans and frequent museum | |
visitors recognized – and disliked – omissions in curation, said | |
Susie Wilkening, principal of Wilkening Consulting. | |
“They want to know what happened in the past, and they don’t want | |
it to be erased. They don’t want it to be sugarcoated. They don’t | |
want it to be glossed over. And when it does happen like that, they get | |
angry,” she said. | |
“When we omit parts or tell lies of a mission and not tell that | |
complete story, the public’s aware of it.” | |
When it came to historical facts, survey-takers tended to find | |
respondents who were less open to newly uncovered historical | |
perspectives had narrower parameters for what they considered | |
“credible facts,” while those who leaned toward more inclusive | |
museum programming had broader parameters. | |
“But historians and the people who are doing the work at museums are | |
in the business of making sure that the things that they’re | |
presenting in museums are backed up by evidence,” Wilkening noted, | |
making the case for an expanded view. | |
“People trust museums because they rely on independent scholarship | |
and research, uphold high professional standards, and embrace open | |
inquiry,” the American Alliance of Museums, which represents 35,000 | |
museums and professionals, said in responding to growing threats of | |
censorship at US museums. | |
US museum leaders refuse to retreat | |
Federal action like the pending White House reviews could also have | |
ripple effects at state and local levels, EveryLibrary . | |
“If the Smithsonian, a prestigious institution known for its | |
historical independence, can be compelled to align its content with | |
political agendas, smaller organizations such as local history museums | |
and public libraries will likely face increased pressure to modify | |
their collections, exhibitions, and programs to fit these prevailing | |
narratives,” its statement reads. | |
“These pressures can create a chilling effect across the entire | |
museum sector,” the American Alliance of Museums said in a statement. | |
In short, “it sets the national tone,” Chrastka told CNN. | |
Still, Chrastka is optimistic most museums will hold their own, he | |
said. During the Nazi regime and the Communist era, some German | |
librarians – and even the national library – collected so-called | |
“decadent books,” Western books and books considered outside the | |
official philosophy, he learned recently from a German colleague. | |
“I don’t think we’re at that point yet in the United States,” | |
Chrastka said. “But I’d like to hope that individual libraries, | |
individual museums and individual archives, taken collectively together | |
in states and regions, can continue to do their jobs, to do what would | |
they look at as being a statutory obligation to serve the public or an | |
obligation based on their mission, vision and values to serve the | |
public despite that kind of pressure that’s coming from the top.” | |
“We’re just going to continue doing public history work,” the | |
director of Two Mississippi Museums told reporters in August at an | |
event announcing a 70 years ago in the United States. | |
“One of the reasons why the Civil Rights Museum was created is to | |
tell the unvarnished truth about what happened in terms of the Civil | |
Rights Movement here in Mississippi, and that’s our mission,” | |
Michael Morris. “For us, you know, we’re just doing our jobs.” | |
Stevenson also has no intention of walking back any of what’s on | |
display the Legacy Sites: “We will not retreat one inch,” he said, | |
“from talking honestly about history, presenting honestly about | |
history.” | |
CNN’s Brian Stelter, Kit Maher, and Piper Hudspeth Blackburn | |
contributed to this report. | |
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