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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Biotech firm announces ‘pivotal step’ in effort to bring back the | |
dodo | |
By Katie Hunt, CNN | |
Updated: | |
9:56 PM EDT, Wed September 17, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
A plan to genetically engineer a version of the dodo, a that | |
disappeared 400 years ago and became the poster child for extinction, | |
has made some headway, according to Texas-based biotechnology firm | |
Colossal Biosciences. | |
The company’s scientists said they have succeeded in culturing | |
specialized cells from the rock dove — better known as the humble | |
pigeon. They plan to use the same or similar techniques to culture | |
cells from the dodo’s closest living relative, the Nicobar pigeon, | |
which is from the same family of birds. | |
Colossal is years away from its long-term goal of creating a living, | |
walking approximation of the dodo that would be indistinguishable from | |
its extinct forerunner, but it described the advance as a “pivotal | |
step.” | |
“This is the really important step for the dodo project, but also for | |
bird conservation, more broadly,” said Beth Shapiro, Colossal’s | |
chief science officer. “This was a negating step for the dodo | |
project. We needed this in order to move on, and now that we have it, | |
really, we’re off and running.” | |
The company sparked excitement, as well as controversy, when it | |
announced the birth of in April. Colossal scientists said they had | |
resurrected the canine predator last seen 10,000 years ago by using | |
ancient DNA, cloning and gene-editing technology to alter the genetic | |
makeup of the gray wolf, in a process the company calls de-extinction. | |
Similar efforts to bring back the woolly mammoth, the thylacine — | |
better known as the Tasmanian tiger — and another flightless bird, | |
the moa, are also underway. | |
Colossal also announced Wednesday that it had raised $120 million in | |
additional funding for its work for a total of $555 million since | |
launching in September 2021. | |
However, the techniques necessary to bring back a bird such as the dodo | |
are different from those the company used to create dire wolves because | |
birds develop in an egg and can’t be cloned in the same way as | |
mammals, making the process more challenging. | |
“So with birds, the slowest part of this process is that we have to | |
make two generations. We can’t clone the cells, so we have to make | |
moms and the dads separately and then breed them in order to get both | |
copies of the gene to be modified,” Shapiro said. “That is pretty | |
slow.” | |
Culturing a germ of hope | |
Colossal’s Wednesday announcement revealed its scientists have | |
figured out a way to grow a vital type of cell, known as a primordial | |
germ cell, which acts as a precursor of egg and sperm cells, from the | |
rock dove (Columba livia), better known as the common pigeon that lives | |
in cities around the world. | |
The company said it focused on the rock pigeon because the bird is | |
widely bred and distantly related to the dodo. Scientists have | |
previously been able to culture primordial germ cells, or PGCs, of | |
chickens and geese, a technique that has been used to create a . | |
“The first cell culture recipe was for chicken PGCs, and was | |
published nearly 20 years ago,” Anna Keyte, Colossal’s avian | |
species director, said in a news release. | |
“Unfortunately, that recipe has not worked on any other bird species | |
tested, even closely related species like quail. Colossal’s discovery | |
of a recipe for pigeons dramatically expands avian reproductive | |
technologies and is the foundation for our dodo work.” | |
The team tested more than 300 recipes before happening on the right | |
combination of growth factors, molecules and metabolites that allowed | |
the pigeon germ cells to grow for 60 days. Details of the research, | |
which hasn’t yet been peer-reviewed, were published Wednesday. | |
Shapiro said the next steps would be to attempt to use the cells to | |
create live rock pigeons birthed by a surrogate chicken, as a proof of | |
concept. | |
At the same time, Colossal is using a similar culture to grow the | |
primordial germ cells of the Nicobar pigeon, which is more closely | |
related to the dodo. The company noted that it has established a | |
breeding colony of the birds in Texas and begun to collect primordial | |
germ cells. | |
Beyond that, Colossal would need to be able to edit the germ cells of | |
the Nicobar pigeon with dodo traits, based on genomic information about | |
the extinct bird preserved in museum specimens. Then scientists would | |
inject the edited Nicobar pigeon PGCs into the embryos of regular | |
chickens — roosters and hens — that have been genetically modified | |
not to make their own germ cells. Chickens are preferable to pigeons as | |
surrogates because as flightless birds they are easier to keep and | |
because scientists already know how to genetically engineer them to be | |
sterile, the company said, making them more suitable to the task. | |
The ultimate goal is that the edited Nicobar pigeon PGCs will continue | |
to develop into functional eggs and sperm, and when the offspring of | |
those modified roosters and hens hatch, the resulting chicks’ eggs | |
and sperms cells will contain the Dodo-like genetic traits. | |
“Together, these advances — pigeon PGC culture and gene-edited | |
chickens that do not make their own PGCs — set the stage for using | |
surrogate chickens to help bring back dodo relatives, and eventually | |
the dodo itself,” the company said in a statement. | |
That whole process will take at least five to seven years, said Ben | |
Lamm, the company’s CEO. | |
Questioning ‘de-extinction’ claims | |
Critics say that while Colossal’s researchers are advancing the field | |
of genetic engineering, it’s not truly possible to resurrect an | |
extinct animal — any attempt could only create a genetically | |
modified, hybrid species. Suggesting otherwise risks undermining the | |
urgency of protecting existing species and ecosystems, according to | |
conservationists. | |
The company has said its aim is not to bring back something that’s | |
100% genetically identical to an extinct species but to create | |
functional copies with key traits. | |
“Dodos belonged to the pigeon and dove family. So, to the extent that | |
dodos shared many genes in common with the Nicobar pigeon, in theory it | |
would mean the scientists only have to insert the dodo-unique genes | |
into the germ cell, or edit the pigeon genes to make them dodo-like. | |
This could produce a dodo-like bird,” said Scott | |
MacDougall-Shackleton, cofounder and director of the Advanced Facility | |
for Avian Research at Western University in London, Ontario. | |
However, he said it is impossible to bring back extinct species, as | |
these animals were far more than a set of genes. “During development | |
our genome interacts with parental genomes, hormones and the | |
environment such that genes are turned on or off in complex ways that | |
we cannot know and cannot repeat for an extinct species,” he noted. | |
“Although it is impressive genetic engineering to insert genes from | |
extinct species into a current species, it is hyperbole to call it | |
de-extinction.” | |
Wider applications for Colossal’s work | |
The new technology developed by Colossal has valuable potential | |
applications in avian conservation, particularly in areas where | |
existing bird populations have little genetic variation, according to | |
Cock van Oosterhout, a professor of evolutionary genetics at the | |
University of East Anglia’s School of Environmental Sciences in the | |
United Kingdom. For van Oosterhout, however, the real utility is not in | |
resurrecting the dodo, but in applying the company’s findings to help | |
species recover. | |
Modifying the genes of endangered species could help them adapt better | |
to declining habitats or diseases that pose a threat, said van | |
Oosterhout, who has received a donation from Colossal for his work on | |
the endangered pink pigeon. | |
“Can we now find the resistant variant, maybe in an historic sample, | |
or maybe in a very closely related species that we know is resistant to | |
a particular pathogen, and can we edit this back into the general | |
population?” van Oosterhout asked. | |
Colossal’s “Jurassic Park-style flamboyant science” attracts | |
funders with deep pockets who wouldn’t ordinarily be interested in | |
biodiversity conservation, allowing the company to solve problems that | |
have long eluded many academic researchers, van Oosterhout added. | |
However, genome editing is just one small piece of a much larger puzzle | |
that is complex to solve, he said. “What we need to do as a society | |
is really prevent extinction, prevent habitat loss. Technology can’t | |
solve the biodiversity crisis. It might save a few species, but it’s | |
not a magic bullet.” | |
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