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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
‘Kissing bug’ disease is here to stay in the US, experts say. | |
Here’s why it’s spreading | |
By Jen Christensen, CNN | |
Updated: | |
6:00 AM EDT, Tue September 16, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Chagas disease, a potentially deadly condition caused by a parasite | |
carried by insects called kissing bugs, should now be considered | |
endemic in the United States, experts say – and without recognition | |
that it’s a constant presence in some parts of the country, more | |
people will suffer unnecessarily. | |
on the topic was published last week in the US Centers for Disease | |
Control and Prevention’s journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, and | |
the authors say they hope that growing global attention on the new | |
paper means Chagas could finally get the surveillance, prevention and | |
testing efforts and research funding it deserves in the United States. | |
“We’ve been waiting forever; all of us Chagas people have been | |
waiting for people to recognize this disease is in our communities,” | |
said Dr. Norman Beatty, coauthor of the report and at the University of | |
Florida College of Medicine’s Division of Infectious Diseases & | |
Global Medicine who has studied Chagas for the past decade. | |
The considers Chagas a , and says it is endemic – with a constant | |
presence or usual prevalence – in 21 other countries in the Americas, | |
not including the United States. Chagas is one of the leading causes of | |
heart disease in Latin America, and it causes more disability than | |
other insect-borne infections, even more than malaria and Zika, . | |
Chagas largely spreads when triatomine bugs, commonly known as kissing | |
bugs, bite a human while they’re sleeping. The bug defecates in that | |
bite or on a person’s face, and the person unwittingly wipes the | |
feces into their eyes, nose or mouth. The feces can carry a parasite, | |
Trypanosoma cruzi, that causes the disease. | |
Chagas through contaminated food or blood, organ transplants and | |
pregnancy. | |
Early symptoms can include fever, body aches, headaches, rash, vomiting | |
and tiredness. They may last weeks or even months after initial | |
infection. | |
According to the CDC, about 20% to 30% of people who’ve been | |
infected develop more serious problems like long-term digestive and | |
nervous system conditions, , stroke or death. | |
If it’s caught early, the disease can be cured with benznidazole or | |
nifurtimox, medicines that kill the parasite. But the drugs become less | |
effective the longer a person has been infected, and most people remain | |
unaware of the disease. Many doctors don’t think to look for it in | |
patients in the US, the new report noted. | |
In fact, some people who are infected find out some time later, when | |
they donate blood, since the US has been testing its blood supply for | |
Chagas since 2007. | |
Surveillance is limited, but that about 280,000 people in the US have | |
Chagas at any given time. It’s unclear how many have the more serious | |
form of the disease or how many deaths are caused by Chagas each year. | |
Scientists have found kissing bugs in 32 states, the new report says. | |
The blood-sucking insect mostly lives in warmer Southern states, but | |
with climate change causing more bug-friendly temperatures, there’s a | |
good chance they have spread farther. | |
Scientistst have identified at least 17 states with infected mammals, | |
including Virginia opossums, raccoons, banded armadillos, striped | |
skunks, coyotes and wood rats, according to the latest report. | |
Veterinarians have seen infections in zoo animals and pets, including | |
cats, dogs and a horse. | |
Doctors have reported Chagas cases in humans in eight states: Arkansas, | |
Arizona, California, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Tennessee and | |
Texas. There are probably more cases, the new report says, but doctors | |
are not required to report Chagas infections in most states. | |
It would be “momentous” for Chagas to be declared endemic in the | |
US, said Dr. Mario J. Grijalva, director of the Infectious and Tropical | |
Disease Institute and professor in the Department of Biomedical | |
Sciences at Ohio University. | |
“When you consider it a problem that belongs to others, it’s not | |
important. But when it’s a problem affecting people here, the | |
recognition that it is an endemic disease in the United States is a | |
game-changer, at least in terms of the public policy possibilities and | |
the awareness that is required to properly address this complicated | |
issue,” he said. | |
Grijalva knows firsthand what a difference it can make to have | |
awareness and a concerted health campaign. He spent his recent | |
sabbatical riding a motorcycle across Latin America to spread the word | |
about the condition, after making a . | |
In countries like Ecuador and Peru where Chagas is endemic but there is | |
no concerted government efforts to manage it, most people were unaware | |
of the disease, Grijalva said. But in Chile, Bolivia and Argentina - | |
all countries with robust health and public awareness campaigns – the | |
people he spoke with knew about Chagas, and many cases were being | |
well-managed. | |
“There has been a lot of effort to fight this in those countries,” | |
Grijalva said. “It can be fought, and there are a lot of | |
successes.” | |
Beatty hopes broader recognition of Chagas in the US will prompt | |
officials to step up surveillance efforts like what he’s seen in some | |
other countries. He also hopes health care providers learn to recognize | |
cases sooner and wishes the US would work to protect people from | |
kissing bugs like it does mosquitoes. | |
“We have mosquito control programs around the country, but we’re | |
essentially doing nothing about kissing bugs,” he said. | |
In the meantime, he said, people aiming to keep the insects away can | |
better seal their homes, use window screens and spray for bugs. | |
However, he has not found any particular spray specifically approved to | |
target kissing bugs in the US. | |
And in Florida, where he works and where about 30% of kissing bugs | |
seem to be positive for the parasites, Beatty said, people will often | |
send him bug photos or even drop the insects off at his hospital to be | |
tested. | |
“They’re scared,” he said – and they have a right to be. | |
Beatty said he tries to help his community as best he can. “There’s | |
not another doctor around here walking around with bugs in their | |
pockets,” he said. But with more awareness, he hopes others will step | |
up as well. | |
“I’m just one person,” Beatty said. “It’s a small team, and | |
we have limited resources.” | |
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