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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
RFK Jr.’s vaccine panel expected to recommend delaying hepatitis B | |
shot for newborns | |
By Jackie Fortiér, KFF Health News | |
Updated: | |
11:33 AM EDT, Tue September 16, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
A key federal vaccine advisory panel whose members were recently | |
replaced by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. | |
is expected to vote to recommend delaying until age 4 the hepatitis B | |
vaccine that’s currently given to newborns, according to two former | |
senior Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials. | |
“There is going to likely be a discussion about hepatitis B vaccine, | |
very specifically trying to dislodge the birth dose of hepatitis B | |
vaccine and to push it later in life,” said Demetre Daskalakis, of | |
the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. | |
“Apparently this is a priority of the secretary’s.” | |
The vote is expected to take place during the next meeting of the | |
CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, scheduled for | |
Sept. 18-19. | |
For more than 30 years, the first of three shots of hepatitis B vaccine | |
has been recommended for infants shortly after birth. In that time, the | |
potentially fatal disease has been virtually eradicated among American | |
children. Pediatricians warn that waiting four years for the vaccine | |
opens the door to more children contracting the virus. | |
“Age 4 makes zero sense,” pediatrician Eric Ball said. “We | |
recommend a universal approach to prevent those cases where a test | |
might be incorrect or a mother might have unknowingly contracted | |
hepatitis. It’s really the best way to keep our entire population | |
healthy.” | |
In addition to the hepatitis B vaccine, the panel and vote on | |
recommendations for the combined measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella | |
vaccine and covid-19 vaccines. Pediatricians worry changes to the | |
schedules of these vaccines will limit access for many families, | |
leaving them vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases. | |
Typically, ACIP would undertake an analysis of the data before | |
recommending a change to vaccine guidelines. As of the end of August, | |
this process had not begun for the hepatitis B vaccines, Daskalakis and | |
another former official said. | |
“This is an atypical situation. There’s been no work group to | |
discuss it,” Daskalakis said. | |
The second former senior official spoke to NPR and KFF Health News on | |
the condition of anonymity. | |
In response to questions from KFF Health News, HHS spokesperson Andrew | |
Nixon wrote, “ACIP exists to ensure that vaccine policy is guided by | |
the best available evidence and open scientific deliberation. Any | |
updates to recommendations will be made transparently with gold | |
standard science.” | |
The draft agenda for the upcoming ACIP meeting was released to the | |
public less than a week before it is scheduled to begin. | |
At the last ACIP meeting, in June, Martin Kulldorff, the chair and one | |
of seven new members handpicked by Kennedy, questioned the need to | |
vaccinate every newborn, citing only two of the many ways the virus can | |
spread. Kulldorff is a former Harvard Medical School professor who | |
became known for during the pandemic. | |
“Unless the mother is hepatitis B positive, an argument could be made | |
to delay the vaccine for this infection, which is primarily spread by | |
sexual activity and intravenous drug use,” he said. | |
The virus spreads via direct exposure to an infected bodily fluid like | |
blood or semen. The disease has no cure and can lead to serious | |
conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer later in life. The CDC | |
advisory panel may maintain the recommendation to inoculate newborns | |
whose mothers have hepatitis B or are considered at high risk of the | |
disease, the former officials said. | |
Protection from birth | |
In 1991, federal health officials determined it was advisable for | |
newborns to receive their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within | |
, which blocks the virus from taking hold if transmitted during | |
delivery. While parents may opt out of the shots, many day care centers | |
and school districts of hepatitis B vaccination for enrollment. | |
The prospect of ACIP’s altering the recommendation has left some | |
people living with the virus deeply unsettled. | |
“I am goddamn frustrated,” said Wendy Lo, who has lived with the | |
liver disease, likely since birth. Years of navigating the | |
psychological, monetary, medical, and social aspects of chronic | |
hepatitis B has touched almost every aspect of her life. | |
“I would not want anyone to have to experience that if it can be | |
prevented,” she said. Lo learned she had the disease due to a routine | |
screening to study abroad in college. | |
Lo credits the vaccines with protecting her close family members from | |
infection. | |
“I shared with my partner, ‘If you get vaccinated, we can be | |
together,’” she said. He got the vaccine, which protects him from | |
infection, “so I’m grateful for that,” she said. | |
The CDC estimates half of people with hepatitis B they are infected. It | |
can range from an acute, mild infection to a chronic infection, often | |
with . Most people with chronic hepatitis B were born outside of the | |
U.S., and Asians and Pacific Islanders Black people have the highest | |
rates of newly reported chronic infections. | |
When her children were born, Lo was adamant that they receive the | |
newborn dose, a decision she says prevented them from contracting the | |
virus. | |
The earlier an infection occurs, , according to the CDC. When | |
contracted in infancy or early childhood, hepatitis B is far more | |
likely to become a chronic infection, silently damaging the liver over | |
decades. | |
Those who become chronic carriers can also unknowingly spread the virus | |
to others and face an increased risk of long-term complications | |
including cirrhosis and liver cancer, which may not become evident | |
until much later in life. | |
Treatments like the antivirals Lo now takes weren’t available until | |
the 1990s. Decades of the virus’s replicating unchecked damaged her | |
liver. Every six months she gets scared of what her blood tests may | |
reveal. | |
“Now I’m in my 50s, one of my big concerns is liver cancer. The | |
vaccine is safe and effective, it’s lifesaving, and it protects you | |
against cancer. How many vaccines do that?” Lo said. | |
Thirty years of universal vaccination | |
After a vaccine was approved in the 1980s, public health officials | |
initially focused vaccination efforts on people thought to be at | |
highest risk of infection. | |
“I, and every other doctor, had been trained in medical school to | |
think of hepatitis B as an infection you acquired as an adult. It was | |
the pimps, the prostitutes, the prisoners, and the health care | |
practitioners who got hepatitis B infection. But we’ve learned so | |
much more,” said , a professor of infectious diseases at the | |
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and a former voting member of | |
ACIP. | |
As hepatitis B rates remained stubbornly high in the 1980s, scientists | |
realized an entire vulnerable group was missing from the vaccination | |
regime — newborns. The virus is from an infected mother to baby in | |
late pregnancy or during birth. | |
“We may soon hear, ‘Let’s just do a blood test on all pregnant | |
women.’ We tried that. That doesn’t work perfectly either,” | |
Schaffner said. | |
Some doctors didn’t test, he said, and some pregnant women falsely | |
tested negative while others acquired hepatitis B after they had been | |
tested earlier in their pregnancies. | |
In 1991, Schaffner was a liaison representative to ACIP when it voted | |
to for hepatitis B before an infant leaves the hospital. | |
“We want no babies infected. Therefore, we’ll just vaccinate every | |
mom and every baby at birth. Problem solved. It has been brilliantly | |
successful in virtually eliminating hepatitis B in children,” he | |
said. | |
In 1990, there were 3.03 cases of hepatitis B per 100,000 people 19 | |
years old or under in the U.S., according to the CDC. | |
Since the federal recommendation to vaccinate all infants, cases have | |
dramatically decreased. shows that in 2022 the rate among those 19 or | |
under was less than 0.1 per 100,000. | |
While hepatitis B is often associated with high-risk behaviors such as | |
injection drug use or having multiple sexual partners, note that it is | |
possible for the virus to be transmitted in ordinary situations too, | |
including among young children. | |
The virus can survive for outside the body. During that time, even | |
microscopic traces of infected blood on a can pose a risk. If the virus | |
comes into contact with an open wound or the mucous membranes of the | |
eyes, an infection can occur. This means that unvaccinated children not | |
considered at high risk can still be exposed in everyday environments. | |
Future access uncertain | |
If the CDC significantly alters its recommendation, health insurers | |
would no longer be required to cover the cost of the shots. That could | |
leave parents to pay out-of-pocket for a vaccine that has long been | |
provided at no charge. Children who get immunizations through the | |
federal program would lose free access to the shot as soon as any new | |
ACIP recommendations get approved by the acting CDC director. | |
The two former CDC officials said that plans were underway to push back | |
the official recommendation for the vaccine as of August, when they | |
both left the agency, but may have changed. | |
Schaffner is still an alternate liaison member of ACIP, and hopes to | |
express his support for universal newborn vaccination at the next | |
meeting. | |
“The liaisons have now been excluded from the vaccine work groups. | |
They are still permitted to attend the full meetings,” he said. | |
Schaffner is worried about the next generation of babies and the | |
doctors who care for them. | |
“We’ll see cases of hepatitis B once again occur. We’ll see | |
transmission into the next generation,” he said, “and the next | |
generation of people who wear white coats will have to deal with | |
hepatitis B, when we could have cut it off at the pass.” | |
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