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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
What immigration lawyers want you to know about ICE and criminal | |
warrants | |
By Zoe Sottile, CNN | |
Updated: | |
5:00 AM EDT, Sun September 14, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
As the Trump administration has continued its monthslong immigration | |
enforcement blitz, its tactics – including large-scale workplace | |
raids and the use of – have sparked condemnation from advocates and | |
civil rights groups. | |
Amid the ongoing campaign to deport of immigrants, “Know Your | |
Rights” trainings and programs have proliferated, with small fliers | |
popping up on the doors of businesses around the country. | |
“ICE and Homeland Security cannot enter without a warrant signed by a | |
judge,” read some of the fliers, reflecting a growing movement to as | |
immigration authorities have taken during President Donald Trump’s | |
second term. | |
The warrant guidance largely stems from the , which protects people – | |
citizens and noncitizens alike – from “unreasonable searches and | |
seizures.” | |
The amendment “ensures everyone’s privacy is protected, regardless | |
of immigration status,” said Ana Valenzuela, senior attorney at | |
Minsky McCormick & Hallagan, P.C., a Chicago-based immigration law | |
firm. | |
“Law enforcement does not have the right to just enter” a home or a | |
private business unless they have a warrant signed by a judge, | |
Valenzuela told CNN. | |
CNN talked with immigration lawyers about the different kinds of | |
warrants – and what an ICE agent needs to enter a person’s home or | |
business. | |
What is an administrative warrant? | |
The administrative warrants ICE may serve while making civil | |
immigration arrests are distinct from the criminal warrants local and | |
federal police typically use, immigration lawyers told CNN. | |
The administrative warrant typically used by ICE, a is a civil document | |
typically issued by the Department of Homeland Security. It usually | |
lists the person the agency is trying to find, according to Valenzuela, | |
and may include the person’s picture. This type of warrant can be | |
used to arrest a person in public, she said. | |
Administrative warrants are signed by authorized ICE officers – not | |
judges, according to , a professor at the University of Maryland | |
Francis King Carey School of Law who specializes in immigration law. | |
They don’t require the same evidence as a judicial warrant, Sweeney | |
said. | |
And an administrative warrant doesn’t allow an ICE officer to enter a | |
person’s home or a private business without consent, , an | |
Atlanta-based immigration lawyer, said. | |
“If ICE knocks on the door and says, ‘We want to come in,’ you | |
should ask for a judicial warrant,” Kuck explained. | |
They’re also not enforceable, according to Kuck. That means, for | |
instance, that if an immigration officer uses an administrative warrant | |
to request work documents from an employer, the company doesn’t have | |
to comply, he said. | |
Valenzuela added during trainings, she emphasizes that people should | |
not open the door to their home or private business to immigration | |
authorities. | |
“If they even crack the door open to obtain and review the warrant, | |
that cracking of the door is enough to give them consent to enter,” | |
she said. | |
What is a criminal warrant? | |
A criminal or judicial warrant, which can allow law enforcement to | |
search a specific location without consent, requires “probable cause | |
that you have committed a crime,” , a former ICE attorney and current | |
co-chair of the American Immigration Lawyers Association’s national | |
ICE committee, told CNN. A law enforcement officer must provide sworn | |
testimony to a judge, who then signs the warrant. | |
And the warrant has to be “very specific in terms of the exact | |
location that they intend to search,” according to Valenzuela – | |
down to the precise apartment number. A criminal search warrant is also | |
only valid for a specific time period. | |
Being an undocumented immigrant is a civil offense, not a crime. But | |
immigration authorities may still obtain criminal warrants in some | |
cases, like during large-scale workplace raids, including the recent | |
operation at , according to Kuck. | |
“For example, intentionally hiring individuals to work that don’t | |
have work authorization, that can be a crime,” Kuck said – allowing | |
authorities to obtain a criminal warrant to search a property. | |
For the Hyundai raid, authorities had obtained a search warrant that | |
named four specific individuals. But in total, 475 people, mostly | |
Korean nationals, were arrested, suspected of living and working in the | |
US illegally. The mass arrest marks the largest sweep yet in the | |
crackdown at US worksites. | |
Valenzuela described this as “collateral detention” – when | |
immigration authorities target specific people, but end up arresting | |
others as well. | |
Does ICE need a warrant to arrest you? | |
But, according to immigration lawyers, ICE can make warrantless | |
arrests. There are two main exceptions through the , according to | |
Gihon: If officers have personally witnessed someone violating | |
immigration law, or if there’s reason to believe the person is | |
removable and they may flee before a warrant can be obtained. | |
“That’s the exception that they almost always use when doing a | |
warrantless arrest – by virtue of being in the country in violation | |
of your status, you’re a flight risk,” he said. | |
And in practice, officers have needed little pretext to make arrests. | |
Just matching with a photo in an ICE database can lead to an arrest, | |
according to Gihon. | |
The approach has caused controversy and incurred accusations of racial | |
profiling. In Southern California, a judge said DHS was arresting | |
people without probable cause and to stop detaining people based solely | |
on race, spoken language or occupation. But the Supreme Court ruled | |
Tuesday that could continue. | |
ICE says that the agency doesn’t need judicial warrants to make | |
arrests. “Like all other law enforcement officers, ICE officers and | |
agents can initiate consensual encounters and speak with people, | |
briefly detain aliens when they have reasonable suspicion that the | |
aliens are illegally present in the United States, and arrest people | |
they believe are illegal aliens,” reads the website. | |
Kuck urged people to stay calm and quiet if approached by immigration | |
officers. A person disclosing their immigration status can later be | |
used against them during deportation proceedings, he said. | |
But even if someone refuses to speak to immigration officers, they can | |
still be arrested, he said. | |
‘Know Your Rights’ | |
Amidst the ongoing deportation campaign, “Know Your Rights” | |
trainings and programs have spread. | |
In Chicago, where is imminent, public school teachers and union members | |
distributed “Defend Your Rights” flyers to parents and students | |
Friday afternoon outside a west side elementary school. | |
The union said the goal of the flyering is to inform school families in | |
Latino and Black neighborhoods of their legal rights as the city | |
prepares for the possible deployment of National Guard troops and ICE | |
agents. | |
“We have so many Black and brown students here, we’ve gotten an | |
influx within the last two years of migrant students, so we want to | |
protect our students,” first grade teacher Latina King told CNN. | |
Sweeney emphasized when speaking to law enforcement, people always have | |
the right to walk away, unless they’re being detained. | |
“The advice is always that if you’re approached by an officer who | |
asks you a question, you should respond with a question of your own: | |
‘Officer, am I being detained?’” she said. | |
“If the officer refuses to answer, you should repeat the question, | |
because they have an obligation to answer that question and to let you | |
know whether you’re being detained,” she went on. | |
Gihon, meanwhile, said as the administration pushes to overturn | |
long-standing norms in immigration enforcement, making brazen public | |
arrests and going after immigrants , it’s harder than ever for | |
immigration lawyers to provide universal advice. | |
“It’s tough because you could give absolutely perfect advice and it | |
could be totally wrong based upon a change in policy or how the courts | |
are enforcing things, unfortunately,” he said. | |
“It’s hard to try to predict the unpredictable.” | |
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