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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Targeted abroad and shunned at home: Chinese overseas students caught | |
in limbo | |
By Joyce Jiang, CNN | |
Updated: | |
11:08 PM EDT, Sat September 13, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
For Chinese students, a degree from a US university was once considered | |
a “golden ticket” to coveted jobs back home. But many are now | |
finding that geopolitics is blunting their ambitions. | |
The Trump administration’s threat of visa cancellations – later | |
shelved after a trade-truce phone call between the US president and | |
Chinese leader Xi Jinping in early June – has compounded already | |
swirling uncertainty for Chinese students in the US. | |
And at home, some graduates are finding their experience abroad is | |
raising red flags with employers, who are increasingly casting a | |
suspicious eye over graduates trained at foreign universities | |
worldwide. | |
With their parents footing the hefty bill, some Chinese students are | |
asking if studying abroad is now worth it, especially when the domestic | |
jobs market seems to be favoring homegrown talent. | |
Lian, a 24-year-old master’s degree graduate from southeastern China | |
who spent three years studying in the US, had dreams of working on Wall | |
Street – until his student visa was abruptly revoked last July. | |
Lian, who studied Economic Statistics at a Chinese university, lost his | |
visa under a legacy ban from President Donald Trump’s first term, | |
which effectively denies US visas for Chinese students and researchers | |
from universities believed to be linked to the Chinese military. | |
The move stranded Lian in China during his summer internship, forcing | |
him to dive into the “rat race” of the domestic jobs market. | |
None of his 70-something applications to state-backed banks and | |
financial firms landed him a role, with most not even passing the | |
initial CV screenings, Lian noted. | |
“There are likely political sensitivities at play,” he said, asking | |
CNN not to disclose which Chinese university he studied at because of | |
the sensitivities of the subject. | |
Lian thinks his experience in the US hindered his entry into the public | |
sector – and made applying for a role in a private company | |
unexpectedly challenging. | |
“Being caught up in the dispute between the two countries just left | |
you helpless,” said Lian, whose job-hunting finally paid off in March | |
with an offer from a private firm in Shanghai. | |
Spy concerns as a ‘social norm’ | |
China’s job market – in both the private and public sectors – | |
isn’t specifically shunning graduates from the US only, but a broader | |
group of foreign degree holders, even though they are increasingly | |
choosing to come back. | |
Since Xi took office in 2013, the annual number of overseas returnees | |
has steadily increased from about 350,000 to 580,000 in 2019, before | |
surpassing 1 million in 2021, according to data from the Ministry of | |
Education and the Center for China and Globalization, a Beijing-based | |
think tank. | |
But not all Chinese companies gave them a rousing reception at a time | |
of intense nationalism and national security suspicions under Xi. | |
In late April, Dong Mingzhu, chairwoman of China’s home appliances | |
giant Gree Electric told a shareholder meeting that the company “will | |
never use any returnees because there could be spies among them” – | |
a comment criticized on social media and for “stigmatizing” and | |
“stereotyping” the returning cohort. | |
The “spy suspicion” – a paranoia usually found in state-backed | |
firms – is especially jarring coming from a prominent private | |
business leader. And it adds insult to injury for Chinese overseas | |
graduates like Lian, who say they already feel unwelcome in China’s | |
public sector. | |
Since 2023, multiple provinces, including arguably the most | |
liberal-minded Guangdong in southeastern China and major cities like | |
Beijing, have barred foreign degree holders from signing up to the | |
“Xuandiaosheng” program, a government recruitment initiative that | |
selects elite graduates to groom as future senior cadres for the | |
government and the ruling Communist Party. | |
In the same year, nearly half of all Chinese overseas students sought | |
to enter state-backed firms or government organs – places offering | |
“iron rice bowl” jobs, coveted for their perceived security in a | |
sputtering economy – according to a co-released by Chinese Global | |
Youth Summit and Liepin, a major online recruitment platform in China. | |
“The public sector is becoming less welcoming to overseas | |
graduates,” said Alfred Wu, an associate professor at the Lee Kuan | |
Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore. He | |
pointed to widespread national security concerns as a key driver. | |
Wu explained that a climate of paranoia surrounding espionage has | |
become a “social norm” in China, largely thanks to a social media | |
campaign by the Ministry of State Security (MSS), China’s powerful | |
civilian spy agency, which regularly tells citizens that foreign spies | |
are everywhere. | |
Overseas graduates, in particular, have long been seen by the MSS as | |
“easy targets” to be recruited by foreign spy agencies, state media | |
said. | |
A recent series of propaganda videos published by the authority’s | |
social media account includes that details how a Chinese man was lured | |
by a foreign spy during his doctoral study abroad and ended up helping | |
them gather classified national secrets. | |
An ‘inward-looking’ China | |
For some Chinese employers, hiring domestic graduates not only means | |
fewer security worries – they’re also cheaper and a better fit for | |
the local culture and market. | |
Yuan Xin, a career development consultant in Shanghai, said some | |
Chinese companies prefer more “cost-effective” domestic students | |
perceived to have a stronger work ethic and a better grasp of the local | |
market. | |
“From what we’ve seen, most students who return after a one-year | |
master’s program indeed don’t have strong study skills and their | |
work skills are just like that,” said Yuan, arguing the “screening | |
mechanism” for domestic postgraduate programs is more rigorous than | |
those used abroad. | |
In China, students must pass a highly competitive national postgraduate | |
entrance exam and then study for at least two years before landing a | |
master’s degree. | |
Master’s degree holders have long dominated the returnee landscape, | |
accounting for nearly 80% of all returnees last year, according to an | |
annual survey by Zhilian Zhaopin, a leading recruitment platform in | |
China. | |
Yuan said graduates from Western countries, where work-life balance is | |
highly valued, “may not quite fit” the domestic workplace culture, | |
where “996” schedules – from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., six days a week | |
– are common. | |
The widespread belief that overseas graduates aren’t as committed or | |
capable as local ones strikes Ezio Duan as a “stereotype,” which he | |
said had a “real impact” on his job search last October. | |
Duan studied communication in the US for both his bachelor’s and | |
master’s degrees, and said he only landed three offers from around | |
400 formal job applications. Similar complaints about the | |
overgeneralization are widely shared by other returned postgrads | |
online. | |
Duan, who studied in the US for five years and is focused on private | |
firms in China, views the “widespread pressure of long working | |
hours” at home as “a real problem.” However, Lian, who was open | |
to working in state-backed corporations after a three-year stint in the | |
US, said he “won’t be very resistant” to workplace culture back | |
home. | |
But even the hardest-working Chinese overseas graduates may find it | |
difficult to overcome the shift in attitudes among domestic employers. | |
Wu, a scholar of Chinese public policy, says employers have become more | |
reluctant to hire overseas graduates like Duan and Lian under Xi’s | |
“inward-looking” policies. | |
“(Xi) aims to build a relatively closed system as there’s a major | |
narrative that he sees as a harsh reality – China-US rivalry,” Wu | |
said. | |
Wu said the “inward-looking” tendency has become clearer to the | |
public since 2018, when Xi scrapped presidential term caps, and since | |
he has beefed up domestic “self-reliance and security” amid a | |
China-US trade war. | |
“The emphasis on internal stability and control has, in many ways, | |
taken precedence over previous commitments to reform and openness,” | |
said Wu, noting that overseas students are a key embodiment of | |
China’s “opening door” policy. | |
“Those advantages we thought we had six years ago have completely | |
eroded over the past few years,” said communications graduate Duan. | |
“That’s something I really didn’t expect.” | |
This article has been updated. | |
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