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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Kavanaugh faces blowback for claiming Americans can sue over encounters | |
with ICE | |
By John Fritze, CNN | |
Updated: | |
4:00 AM EDT, Wed September 10, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Justice Brett Kavanaugh’s breezy suggestion this week that Americans | |
who are can sue agents in federal court is drawing pushback from civil | |
rights attorneys who note the Supreme Court’s conservative majority | |
has in recent years made those cases nearly impossible to win. | |
Writing to explain the Monday that allowed the Trump administration to | |
continue “roving” immigration patrols in Southern California, | |
Kavanaugh brushed aside concerns that masked ICE agents had pushed, | |
shoved and detained Hispanics – in one instance throwing a US citizen | |
against a fence and confiscating his phone. | |
“To the extent that excessive force has been used,” Kavanaugh wrote | |
in a 10-page concurrence, “the Fourth Amendment prohibits such | |
action, and remedies should be available in federal court.” | |
But in a series of recent decisions – including two that involved | |
incidents at the border – the Supreme Court has severely limited the | |
ability of people to sue federal law enforcement officers for excessive | |
force claims. Kavanaugh, who was nominated to the court by Trump during | |
his first term, was in the majority in those decisions. | |
“It’s bordering on impossible to get any sort of remedy in a | |
federal court when a federal officer violates federal rights,” said | |
Patrick Jaicomo, a senior attorney at the libertarian Institute for | |
Justice who has regularly represented clients suing federal agents. | |
Lauren Bonds, executive director of the National Police Accountability | |
Project, said that it can be incredibly difficult for a person | |
subjected to excessive force to find an attorney and take on the | |
federal government in court. | |
“What we’ve seen is, term after term, the court limiting the | |
avenues that people have available to sue the federal government,” | |
Bonds told CNN. | |
Sotomayor dissents | |
To stop a person on the street for questioning, immigration officials | |
must have a “reasonable suspicion” that the person is in the | |
country illegally. The question for the Supreme Court was whether an | |
agent could rely on factors like a person’s apparent ethnicity, | |
language or their presence at a particular location, to establish | |
reasonable suspicion. | |
A US district court in July ordered the Department of Homeland Security | |
to of making initial stops based on those factors. The Supreme Court on | |
Monday, without an explanation from the majority, put that lower court | |
order on hold – effectively greenlighting the administration’s | |
approach while the litigation continues in lower courts. | |
In a sharp dissent, Justice Sonia Sotomayor cited the stories raised by | |
several of the people in Southern California who had been caught up in | |
the crackdown. | |
“The government, and now the concurrence, has all but declared that | |
all Latinos, US citizens or not, who work low wage jobs are fair game | |
to be seized at any time, taken away from work, and held until they | |
provide proof of their legal status to the agents’ satisfaction,” | |
wrote Sotomayor, joined by fellow liberal Justices Elena Kagan and | |
Ketanji Brown Jackson. | |
Jason Gavidia, a US citizen, was approached in June by masked agents | |
who repeatedly questioned his citizenship status, pressing him to name | |
the hospital in which he was born, according to court records. When he | |
could not answer that question, he said, agents racked a rifle, took | |
his phone and pushed him up against a metal fence. | |
He was later released. | |
Another US citizen, Jorge Viramontes, was grabbed and escorted by | |
agents into a vehicle and held in a “warehouse area” for further | |
questioning, according to court documents. | |
Richard Re, a Harvard Law professor, viewed Kavanaugh’s remark in the | |
opinion differently. Maybe, , Kavanaugh was attempting to signal | |
something about where he thinks the law should go. | |
“When you have an important sentence that’s very ambiguous, it’s | |
usually deliberately so,” Re, who clerked for Kavanaugh when he was | |
an appeals court judge, told CNN. | |
“I think it’s not clear what to make of that remark,” Re said. | |
“It could suggest a genuine interest, on at least one pivotal | |
justice’s part, in revitalizing Fourth Amendment remediation.” | |
Limited recourse | |
The court has for years been limiting the ability of people who face | |
excessive force to sue federal agents, litigation that proponents say | |
can act as a check on such behavior. | |
In 2020, the court’s conservative majority from the family of a | |
15-year-old Mexican boy who was shot and killed across the border by a | |
Border Patrol agent. | |
Three years ago, the court similarly who owned a bed and breakfast near | |
the Canadian border and who said he was pushed to the ground as Border | |
Patrol agents questioned a guest about their immigration status. | |
Lawsuits against federal police are controlled by a 1971 precedent, | |
Bivens v.Six Unknown Named Agents, that involved federal drug agents | |
who searched the home of a man without a warrant. The Supreme Court | |
allowed that lawsuit, but in recent years it has significantly clamped | |
down on the ability of people to file suits in any other circumstance | |
besides the warrant involved in the Bivens case. The right to sue | |
federal agents, the court has maintained, should be set by Congress, | |
not the courts. | |
Americans may also sue the government for damages under the Federal | |
Tort Claims Act, if its employees engage in wrongdoing or negligence. | |
But federal courts have carved out a complicated patchwork of | |
exceptions to that law as well. Earlier this year, in a on the wrong | |
house, a unanimous Supreme Court allowed the family to sue, but also | |
limited the scope of a provision of the law that was aimed at | |
protecting people who are harmed by federal law enforcement. | |
The tort law, Bonds said, is “incredibly narrow, incredibly complex | |
and definitely not a sure thing.” | |
‘Shadow docket’ criticism | |
Kavanaugh’s opinion came as the court has faced sharp criticism in | |
some quarters for deciding a slew of emergency cases in Trump’s favor | |
without any explanation. | |
The Supreme Court has consistently sided with Trump recently, | |
overturning lower courts’ temporary orders and allowing the president | |
to fire the leadership of independent agencies, cut spending authorized | |
by Congress and pursue an aggressive crackdown on immigration while | |
litigation continues in lower courts. | |
Those emergency cases don’t fully resolve the legal questions at hand | |
– and the that could influence the final outcome of a case – but | |
they can have enormous, real-world consequences. | |
Emergency cases are almost always handled without oral argument and are | |
addressed on a much tighter deadline than the court’s regular merits | |
cases. | |
In that sense, Kavanaugh’s opinion provided some clarity about how at | |
least one member of the court’s majority viewed the ICE patrols. | |
He noted Sotomayor’s dissent and pointed out that the issue of | |
excessive force was not involved in the case. | |
“The Fourth Amendment’s reasonableness standard continues to govern | |
the officers’ use of force and to prohibit excessive force,” | |
Kavanaugh said. | |
What he didn’t explain, several experts note, is how a violation of | |
those rights could be vindicated. | |
“Sincerely wondering,” University of Chicago law professor William | |
Baude , “what remedies does Justice Kavanaugh believe are and should | |
be available in federal court these days for excessive force violations | |
by federal immigration officials?” | |
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