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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
India’s growing lion population should be cause for celebration, but | |
it’s also a deadly problem | |
By Aishwarya S. Iyer, Chris Lau, Esha Mitra, CNN | |
Updated: | |
5:00 AM EDT, Sun August 31, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Five-year-old Pulsing Ajnera was playing with his brothers in a field | |
near their home in the western Indian state of Gujarat, when a lion | |
“came out of nowhere,” his grieving father told CNN. | |
“This lion grabbed the child, my youngest, and left. My family tried | |
everything to rescue him. They threw stones at the lion and a few | |
wooden sticks as well, but (it) dragged him into the jungle,” Heera | |
Ajnera said. The boy’s body was later recovered. | |
Pulsing was one of seven people in India killed by lions in the year to | |
June 2025, taking the total number of fatal attacks in five years to | |
more than 20. Attacks on cattle have almost doubled during the same | |
period, Gujarat officials told CNN. | |
Sporting an unmistakable dark mane and unique folds of skin along their | |
bellies, Asiatic lions are slightly smaller than their African cousins. | |
They once prowled the Middle East and Asia but now Gujarat is home to | |
the world’s last population of wild Asiatic lions. | |
The lions were hunted to the brink of extinction in India, before a ban | |
on killing the cats was put in place in Gujarat a century ago. Recent | |
conservation efforts, have seen the state’s lion population rise by | |
30% to 891 in the last five years. | |
Conservationists say a large part of the success stems from a unique | |
human-lion relationship, where locals profit from the presence of | |
lions, and lions are given space to roam. But that symbiotic | |
relationship is being tested as the lion population grows. | |
“Lions have been found in basement parking lots of hotels…on top of | |
people’s homes. They are resting on terraces. They’re sitting there | |
and roaring,” said wildlife biologist Ravi Chellam, the coordinator | |
of conservation network the Biodiversity Collaborative. | |
“The minute a lion moves into human-dominated habitats, the | |
probability (of it attacking humans) just increases,” he said. | |
For more than a decade, Chellam and other conservationists have been | |
pushing the Gujarat government to move some lions to a second habitat | |
outside the state. | |
But Gujarat’s lions haven’t gone anywhere, and their numbers are | |
continuing to grow – creating the potential for conflict – despite | |
a Supreme Court ruling ordering the government to relocate them. | |
An expanding population | |
Gir National Park – a 545-square-mile protected area about the size | |
of Los Angeles City – was established in 1965 to protect endangered | |
species, including Asiatic lions. Most of Gujarat’s Asiatic lions now | |
live outside the park’s borders, mixing with humans in towns and | |
villages. | |
“Theoretically, it’s a success story because that was the whole | |
intention of a conservation project – to increase the number of | |
individuals of that species,” Gujarat-based conservationist Jehan | |
Bhujwala told CNN. | |
“But when you have too many animals, they claim space outside of the | |
protected area… and then they start coming into conflict with local | |
(people),” he said. | |
Bhujwala says India’s conservation model was never intended to | |
separate lions from humans, noting that villages are built within | |
national parks. | |
“They all coexisted, and that coexistence, that tolerance, is | |
something which is very unique to India’s conservation history,” he | |
said. | |
Local people rely on lions to generate tourism income, and in return | |
big cats feed on old cattle abandoned by local herders, wrote | |
Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala, the former dean of Wildlife Institute of | |
India, in an academic paper published last year. | |
Jhala and his co-authors said the lions also prey on pigs and nilgais | |
– a type of antelope - which helps eliminate animals the local | |
farmers consider to be pests. | |
The community has learned to live with lions because their economic | |
benefits outweigh the risks, said Jhala. | |
“Such a level of coexistence between people and a large carnivore is | |
not seen anywhere in the world,” he told CNN. | |
The tie with the local people runs deep. | |
“If there are Maldharis, there are lions. We are one,” said | |
Lakshman, a 32-year-old farmer from the local Maldhari community. | |
But Lakshman, who farms buffaloes and sells their milk to support his | |
five children and wife, said he had noticed an uptick in lion attacks | |
on cattle, which experts say have deepened grievances within the | |
pastoral community. | |
Conservationists warn the dynamic between lions and humans could soon | |
change if more is not done to address the lions’ growing population. | |
Stalled translocation plan | |
Chellam is among a group of conservationists who have been urging the | |
government to move some of the lions to Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, in the | |
central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. A survey he and other | |
scientists completed three decades ago found it to be a suitable | |
habitat for lion conservation. | |
The call was at the heart of a court battle jointly filed by the Centre | |
for Environment Law and the World Wide Fund for Nature India against | |
the government in 1994 to force local officials in Gujarat to act. In | |
2013, the Supreme Court of India ruled in favor of the environmental | |
groups, directing the Ministry of Environment to take “urgent steps | |
for the re-introduction of Asiatic Lions from Gir Forests to Kuno.” | |
It was to be initiated within six months, starting with the formation | |
of an expert committee. | |
Chellam, who’s on the committee, said the last meeting was held in | |
2016. He says by not convening regular meetings, the government is | |
dragging its feet on the Supreme Court order. | |
More than a decade after the ruling, the lions remain solely in | |
Gujarat. Further complicating the process is the arrival of cheetahs | |
imported from South Africa and Namibia to the Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary. | |
The first cheetahs arrived in India in after their extinction in the | |
country. Some cubs died soon after, but 31 are now living in Kuno, | |
indicating “successful population growth,” | |
The cheetah program is part of the Indian government’s push to | |
transform the country into a global leader in feline conservation. In | |
2023, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the International Big Cat | |
Alliance to save seven big cats – tigers, lions, leopards, snow | |
leopards, cheetahs, jaguars and pumas – | |
Chellam said the cheetahs’ presence in Kuno would further delay the | |
lion translocation – if it’s still the plan – by up to 20 years | |
– the time it takes for the cheetah population to settle before | |
another species can be brought in. | |
Gujarat’s Principal Chief Conservator of Forests Jaipal Singh | |
declined CNN’s request to comment on the latest developments. | |
Resistance to the translocation also comes from local authorities and | |
people in the tourism industry, who are wary of losing business and the | |
state’s exclusivity as the only place in India to see lions in the | |
wild, Chellam explained. | |
Efforts to keep lions in Gujarat | |
The Gujarat government has come up with an alternative to the Kuno | |
translocation. | |
It’s proposing to move some lions to the Barda Wildlife Sanctuary | |
within state borders, noting that 17 Asiatic lions had been sighted | |
there for the first time since 1879. | |
It’s also increased funding for lion protection by over 70% in the | |
last three years to $18.2 million in 2023-2024 – a sign of its | |
commitment to protecting the species. | |
But Chellam says Barda is too small and short on prey to sustain a | |
viable lion population. | |
It’s also too close to Gir National Park to prevent the spread of | |
disease, meaning a catastrophic pandemic could wipe out Gujarat’s | |
entire population of Asiatic lions. | |
“Having all your eggs in one basket is very risky. If there is a | |
disease outbreak, then there is trouble for you,” he said. | |
Pulsing’s father, Ajnera, used to think that humans could co-exist | |
with lions. He moved to the Amreli district, known for lion sightings, | |
seven years ago as a farm laborer. | |
His home was 200 meters away from the forest, and it never occurred to | |
him that lions would attack humans. “This generally does not happen | |
here,” he said. | |
Now, the grieving father has changed his mind. “We could not live | |
there anymore. We left the area and moved to another village 5 | |
kilometers (3 miles) away – out of fear,” he said. | |
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