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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
An unusual quartz-tipped tool killed a man 12,000 years ago. Scientists | |
are puzzling over who wielded it | |
By Mindy Weisberger, CNN | |
Updated: | |
3:44 PM EDT, Fri August 29, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
A well-preserved human skeleton that scientists recently excavated in | |
Vietnam dates back about 12,000 years ago to the Ice Age and contains | |
the oldest human mitochondrial DNA found in the region. It belonged to | |
a man who died when he was around 35 years old after being pierced in | |
the neck by a projectile with a tip made of quartz that showed signs of | |
human workmanship. | |
But the man didn’t die right away; analysis of his damaged cervical | |
rib bone revealed signs of tissue growth and an infection that likely | |
caused his death, scientists reported Tuesday in the journal . The man | |
may have lived for months after being wounded until he died and was | |
buried in a cave site named Thung Binh 1 in what is now , a UNESCO | |
World Heritage Site. | |
The circumstances of the man’s traumatic injury are unknown, but this | |
case may be the earliest evidence of conflict between hunter-gatherers | |
in mainland Southeast Asia, according to the study. His wound and his | |
survival for some time afterward offer a rare glimpse into the lives of | |
people in this region during the waning days of the about 2.6 million | |
to 11,700 years ago. | |
“Human skeletal material from the Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia | |
is relatively scarce,” said Hugo Reyes-Centeno, an assistant | |
professor of anthropology at the University of Kentucky and a fellow at | |
the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Studies, in an email. He was not | |
involved in the new research. | |
“We have abundant evidence of interpersonal violence in the , | |
particularly as populations adopt food-producing economies and | |
societies become more stratified, but fewer examples from the | |
Pleistocene of populations that were presumably practicing a foraging | |
economy,” he added. “This study adds to those rare examples.” | |
‘A major surprise’ | |
Researchers found the skeleton, which they dubbed “TBH1,” in | |
December 2017. The skull was shattered and flattened, but most of the | |
pieces appeared to be present — including all of the man’s teeth. | |
The pelvis and vertebrae were also fragmented. Recovery of TBH1’s | |
bony bits, conducted by an international team of collaborators, | |
continued through 2018 due to the extreme fragmentation of the remains | |
and less-than-ideal conditions in the cave, said lead study author | |
Chris Stimpson, a researcher and honorary associate at the University | |
of Oxford’s Museum of Natural History in the UK. | |
“It’s in the subtropics so there’s a lot of water, a lot of | |
calcium carbonate deposition,” Stimpson told CNN. “That makes the | |
sediment very, very sticky.” | |
Team members removed the skull and skeletal pieces in large blocks of | |
sediment to avoid damaging them further and then spent months piecing | |
them together in the lab. There wasn’t enough collagen in the bones | |
to determine how old they were, but radiocarbon dating of charcoal | |
samples near the burial suggested that the skeleton was 12,000 to | |
12,500 years old. | |
Skeletal analysis revealed a minor ankle injury, but the man’s | |
overall health was good before the trauma that caused his death. Review | |
of the mitochondrial DNA confirmed that the individual was male and | |
suggested a maternal lineage associated with local hunter-gatherers, | |
descended from humans who were among the earliest to migrate into the | |
region. | |
Since few well-preserved human skeletal remains from this period have | |
been uncovered in Southeast Asia, this near-complete find with its DNA | |
preserved was already significant. Discovering traumatic damage to the | |
man’s — an extra bone in the neck that rarely appears in humans — | |
“was a major surprise,” Stimpson said. | |
One more surprise lay in store for the scientists. Near the injured | |
cervical rib was a fragment of opaque quartz measuring 0.7 inch (18.28 | |
millimeters) long and weighing about 0.014 ounce (0.4 gram). It bore | |
carving marks commonly seen in stone tools from the period. But there | |
were no other quartz tools in the cave, making the projectile point | |
potentially an “exotic technology” that originated elsewhere, | |
according to the study. | |
“Given the difference in the tool causing the injury compared to the | |
tools found at the site, the study opens the intriguing possibility of | |
violence between members of different populations,” Reyes-Centeno | |
said. “But further archaeological work at the site and in the region | |
is necessary to fully reconstruct the circumstances of the | |
individual’s death.” | |
Based on the quartz fragment’s shape, scientists interpreted it as | |
the point of a projectile that pierced the man’s neck on the right | |
side and broke his cervical rib, ultimately leading to a fatal | |
infection. The position, size and type of injury hinted at a small but | |
fast-moving object; a larger object would have caused more serious | |
damage, and death probably would have been instantaneous, the study | |
authors reported. | |
While it’s possible that the broken bone represents a violent | |
encounter with an individual who was not local, scientists can only | |
guess at the circumstances that caused the man’s injury and what the | |
final weeks of his life were like. The archaeological record from this | |
time and place preserves little about how hunter-gatherers interacted | |
with each other, but the man’s survival after his injury and his | |
subsequent burial suggest that perhaps he did not suffer and die alone, | |
Stimpson said. | |
“It’s speculative,” he added, “but the fact that he managed to | |
hang on for a couple of months, and the fact that he was buried in the | |
manner and in the place that he was, you can infer that there were | |
folks looking out for him — in life and in death.” | |
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