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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
There’s a new world order in the Atlantic Ocean, and Hurricane Erin | |
gave us a frightening peek | |
By Andrew Freedman, CNN | |
Updated: | |
8:46 AM EDT, Fri August 29, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
When in the Atlantic Ocean last week, the alarming part wasn’t solely | |
how dangerous it had become as a Category 5 monster: It was also just | |
how typical such an ultra-rapid rate of intensification – winds | |
accelerating by 85 mph in 24 hours – has become. | |
Tropical cyclones have a greater propensity to rapidly intensify as the | |
planet warms, studies have shown, which could imperil coastal | |
populations that might have prepared for a tropical storm but suddenly | |
face a menacing major hurricane. | |
It’s every emergency manager’s nightmare scenario. | |
Rapid intensification is defined as an increase in a storm’s maximum | |
sustained winds by at least 35 mph in 24 hours, but in recent years, | |
and certainly with Hurricane Erin, storms have far exceeded this | |
threshold. Hurricane Milton, for example, had an intensification rate | |
of 90 mph in 24 hours while traversing the Gulf’s ultra-warm waters | |
last year, and Erin ranks in the upper echelon of historical Atlantic | |
basin storms as well. | |
A shocking number of Atlantic hurricanes have rapidly intensified in | |
recent years. Hurricanes Milton, Ian, Helene and Ida have all come in | |
the past few hurricane seasons, at the same time as the Atlantic has | |
broken records for hot ocean temperatures. | |
It’s not surprising that hurricanes are intensifying more rapidly, | |
experts told CNN — but every hurricane shouldn’t be expected to | |
explode into Category 5 status. | |
“There has been a notable increase in the proportion of (hurricanes) | |
that have been going through rapid intensification and extreme rapid | |
intensification” in the North Atlantic basin and globally, said Gabe | |
Vecchi, a climate researcher at Princeton University. | |
“Erin was extreme, even in a warmer world,” he said, but the odds | |
of its extremely rapid intensification rate “were made larger by | |
historical warming of the tropics.” | |
Like Vecchi, Daniel Gilford, a climate scientist at the nonprofit | |
research and communications group Climate Central, said the key link | |
between the increased proportion of rapidly intensifying hurricanes and | |
recent years lies in the warming oceans. | |
“There does seem to be consistent evidence suggesting that rapid | |
intensification events are becoming more frequent with climate change, | |
that as we continue to warm the planet, those sea surface temperatures | |
are allowing rapid intensification to take place more frequently,” he | |
said. | |
Climate Central looking at this connection soon after Hurricane Erin | |
reached Category 5 status. It found that warming oceans due to climate | |
pollution very likely made the difference in the storm reaching | |
Category 5 intensity instead of becoming only a Category 4 storm with | |
less destructive potential had it hit land. | |
But there are reasons to believe that rapidly intensifying hurricanes | |
won’t continue to get worse — or even become the norm. And | |
human-caused global warming might not be responsible for all the | |
current trends. For example, the maximum potential intensity of a | |
hurricane is governed not just by the temperature of the oceans but | |
also by atmospheric factors, including the difference between the | |
temperature of the lower and upper atmosphere, Kim Wood, an atmospheric | |
scientist at the University of Arizona, explained. | |
“I always like to include the caveat that warming waters (rising sea | |
surface temperatures) aren’t directly correlated with higher | |
intensification rates,” Wood said in an email. Because the upper | |
atmosphere has been warming too, this has increased atmospheric | |
stability, which is the equivalent of and the maximum intensity a storm | |
can reach if conditions are ideal. | |
Wood to determine how much more common rapid intensification rates are | |
becoming and found higher-end intensifiers like Erin are seeing some of | |
the largest jumps in frequency in the Atlantic, rather than storms that | |
strengthen right at the definition of rapid intensification (35 mph in | |
24 hours). | |
Also, not all of the warming in the North Atlantic Ocean during the | |
past several decades is directly attributable to global warming; it’s | |
partially — and somewhat paradoxically — tied to the reduction in | |
pollutants known as sulfate aerosols owing to clean air laws in North | |
America and Europe in particular. | |
At the end of the day, however, the warmer the world gets, the more | |
likely it is that fledgling tropical cyclones will take advantage of | |
hotter oceans and other ingredients to skyrocket in their intensity, | |
Gilford said. | |
“We’re living in a world where … there will be more Erins in the | |
future, and these types of events like Erin will happen more | |
frequently,” he said. | |
The forecasting challenge | |
Forecasters have improved their ability to predict rapid | |
intensification in recent years, but track forecasts are still far more | |
reliable than intensity projections. | |
Researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |
(NOAA) and affiliated organizations have been tackling the challenge of | |
anticipating when a storm may undergo rapid intensification, given the | |
need for coastal regions to make evacuation decisions well in advance | |
of landfall. | |
But, as was the case with Hurricane Erin, forecasts still can lag a | |
storm’s rapid shifts. | |
“Rapid intensification of hurricanes is hard to predict and makes a | |
storm have more damage potential very abruptly,” Vecchi said. This | |
makes rapidly intensifying storms “unusually dangerous.” | |
He said making further investments in improving forecast accuracy while | |
also reducing greenhouse gas emissions are both necessary to lessen the | |
risks these storms pose. could jeopardize some of the recent forecast | |
gains, as well as delay or scuttle future improvements. | |
“Global warming has made rapid intensification much more likely, and | |
we expect future warming to continue this trend,” Vecchi said. | |
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