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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Brightest fast radio burst ever detected could help solve an enduring | |
cosmic mystery | |
By Ashley Strickland, CNN | |
Updated: | |
6:26 PM EDT, Tue August 26, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Astronomers have spotted the brightest fast radio burst yet coming from | |
a nearby galaxy. Observations of this phenomenon, a powerful flash of | |
radio waves that lasts only about a millisecond, could shed light on | |
one of the most mysterious cosmic phenomena ever studied. | |
Fast radio bursts, or FRBs, were first discovered in 2007, but their | |
exact sources remain unknown. Since their identification, astronomers | |
have been tracing the bursts’ origin in the hopes of gathering clues | |
about what unleashes them and sends them across the cosmos. | |
Astronomers observed FRB 20250316A, nicknamed “RBFLOAT” for | |
“Radio Brightest FLash Of All Time,” on March 16. | |
The signal was traced to the galaxy NGC 4141 about 130 million | |
light-years away from Earth. The details of the detection, made with | |
the FRB-hunting Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, or | |
CHIME, and its newly operational, smaller array of telescopes, called | |
Outriggers, were published Thursday in . | |
“With the CHIME Outriggers, we are finally catching these fleeting | |
cosmic signals in the act — narrowing down their locations not only | |
to individual galaxies, but even to specific stellar environments,” | |
said lead study author Amanda Cook, a Banting postdoctoral fellow at | |
the Trottier Space Institute and Physics Department at McGill | |
University, in a statement. | |
After the burst was detected, scientists used the James Webb Space | |
Telescope to zoom in on where it originated. The observations add | |
evidence to a leading theory that magnetars, or the highly magnetized | |
remnants of dead stars, could be a source of fast radio bursts. A study | |
about Webb’s follow-up observations was also published on Thursday in | |
. | |
“This was a unique opportunity to quickly turn JWST’s powerful | |
infrared eye on the location of an FRB for the first time,” said | |
Peter Blanchard, lead author of the Webb study and research associate | |
in the Harvard College Observatory at the Center for Astrophysics | | |
Harvard & Smithsonian, in a statement. “And we were rewarded with an | |
exciting result — we see a faint source of infrared light very close | |
to where the radio burst occurred. This could be the first object | |
linked to an FRB that anyone has found in another galaxy.” | |
The new insights from both studies could also be used to help | |
astronomers solve another key mystery surrounding fast radio bursts by | |
determining whether they have a , like a cosmic heartbeat, or whether | |
there are different flavors of radio bursts that release a singular | |
bombastic signal before falling silent. | |
A CHIME in the nick of time | |
The CHIME radio telescope near Penticton, British Columbia, at the | |
Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, has enabled astronomers for | |
the past seven years to spot thousands of fast radio bursts when they | |
arrive at Earth after traveling across the cosmos. | |
Work was completed earlier this year to get Outriggers up and running | |
at sites in British Columbia, West Virginia and California with the | |
goal of tracing fast radio bursts to their specific locations with | |
enhanced precision. The Outriggers combine pinpointing capabilities | |
with a large field of view, said Wen-fai Fong, coauthor on the CHIME | |
study and associate professor of physics and astronomy at Northwestern | |
University’s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. | |
Astronomers had their chance to test the array’s “game-changing” | |
capabilities in March, just a couple of months after the Outriggers | |
came online, Fong said. | |
The RBFLOAT released as much energy as the sun produced in four days | |
— but in less than a second. | |
The Outrigger telescopes enabled the team to pinpoint the fast radio | |
burst’s point of origin to a region measuring about 45 light-years | |
across, an area smaller than a cluster of stars. The precision of the | |
location is like spotting a quarter from about 100 kilometers (62 | |
miles) away, Cook said. | |
Prior to the Outrigger telescopes’ capability to triangulate a fast | |
radio burst to its source, “it was like talking to someone on the | |
phone and not knowing what city or state they were calling from,” | |
said study coauthor Bryan Gaensler, dean of the University of | |
California, Santa Cruz science division. | |
“Now we know not only their exact address, but which room of their | |
house they’re standing in while they’re on the call.” | |
Zooming in on a galactic arm | |
Follow-up observations made with the 6.5-meter MMT telescope in Arizona | |
and the Keck II telescope’s Cosmic Web Imager in Hawaii revealed that | |
RBFLOAT came from the spiral arm of a galaxy, which is full of | |
star-forming regions. But it originated near, and not inside, a | |
star-forming region. | |
Some previous fast radio bursts appear to have come from magnetars, or | |
highly magnetized rotating neutron stars that release radio waves. | |
Scientists have long hypothesized that neutron stars, ultradense core | |
remnants left behind after massive stars explode, might be the origin | |
of fast radio bursts. | |
Magnetars typically form when gravity triggers a gigantic star to | |
collapse on itself. And star-forming regions are where young magnetars | |
can be found. | |
The fact that the burst was traced to a region outside a star-forming | |
clump could suggest that the “magnetar was kicked from its birth site | |
or that it was born right at the FRB site and away from the clump’s | |
center,” said study coauthor Yuxin (Vic) Dong, graduate student and | |
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow in the department | |
of physics and astronomy at Northwestern University. | |
Webb’s powerful gaze | |
Blanchard’s team used the Webb telescope to search for a signal in | |
infrared light that may have originated at the same cosmic location as | |
RBFLOAT. | |
Webb’s data revealed an object, named NIR-1, which could be a massive | |
star or a red giant — a sun-like star at the end of its life that has | |
brightened significantly. Neither star is considered a candidate for | |
the direct cause of a fast radio burst. But an unseen companion like a | |
neutron star could be siphoning material away from the larger star — | |
and that may have been enough to release a burst of radio waves, | |
Blanchard said. | |
It’s also possible that the infrared light that Webb detected was a | |
reflection of a flare caused by the same object that released the radio | |
burst, such as a magnetar. | |
“Whether or not the association with the star is real, we’ve | |
learned a lot about the burst’s origin,” Blanchard said. “If a | |
double star system isn’t the answer, our work hints that an isolated | |
magnetar caused the FRB.” | |
To repeat or not to repeat | |
Studying the immediate surroundings where both repeating and | |
non-repeating fast radio bursts occur can help astronomers determine | |
what causes the signals to repeat in the first place, Fong said. | |
While many fast radio bursts are known to repeat pulsations over | |
several months, the RBFLOAT did not release any repeat signals in the | |
hundreds of hours after it was initially observed. | |
RBFLOAT is the first non-repeating burst to be localized to such | |
precision, said Sunil Simha, coauthor on the CHIME study and a Brinson | |
postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University’s Center for | |
Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and the | |
University of Chicago’s Astronomy and Astrophysics Department. | |
“Since this represents the first non-repeating FRB with its local | |
environment fully mapped out, it remains to be seen if others will | |
follow suit, or if this was an oddball,” Fong said. | |
The results of both studies provide insight into the question of | |
whether all fast radio bursts eventually repeat, said Liam Connor, | |
assistant professor of astronomy at Harvard University. Connor has but | |
was not involved in either study. | |
“Before detecting FRB 20250316A, CHIME had been unknowingly | |
monitoring the source every day for seven years, because CHIME sees the | |
whole Northern Sky once per day,” Connor wrote in an email. | |
“Somehow, zero bursts were detected in thousands of transits, until | |
one of the brightest events of all time suddenly went off. If all FRBs | |
are repeaters, then clearly some are extremely sporadic and | |
unpredictable.” | |
Previously, cataclysmic theories, like the collision of massive | |
objects, have been ruled out for repeating fast radio bursts since the | |
source would be destroyed while producing the first burst, Dong said. | |
“We can reopen the door to those more explosive theories for RBFLOAT | |
and its kin,” she said. | |
Simha wants to build a database that shows where fast radio bursts have | |
originated, which could reveal what may be responsible for creating | |
them — and if they are all created equally. More data could show if | |
there are multiple ways to produce fast radio bursts, Blanchard said. | |
The CHIME telescope and its Outriggers continue monitoring the sky to | |
see whether other non-repeating fast radio bursts release another | |
signal. The telescope array is anticipated to help localize hundreds of | |
fast radio bursts a year. And the team will continue to monitor RBFLOAT | |
in case it has another outburst. | |
“Alternatively, maybe we never detect another burst from this source, | |
and start to see additional seemingly one-off bursts, potentially in | |
similar environments,” Cook wrote in an email. “Then we’re trying | |
to solve the mysteries of the origins of at least two different | |
populations. In either case, we are really excited to uncover the | |
mysteries the universe has in store for us.” | |
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