.-') _ .-') _ | |
( OO ) ) ( OO ) ) | |
.-----. ,--./ ,--,' ,--./ ,--,' | |
' .--./ | \ | |\ | \ | |\ | |
| |('-. | \| | )| \| | ) | |
/_) |OO )| . |/ | . |/ | |
|| |`-'| | |\ | | |\ | | |
(_' '--'\ | | \ | | | \ | | |
`-----' `--' `--' `--' `--' | |
lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Should the US be worried? India’s Modi set for rare China trip after | |
Trump’s tariff sting | |
Analysis by Rhea Mogul, CNN | |
Updated: | |
1:04 AM EDT, Wed August 27, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
A relationship frozen after a deadly clash high in the Himalayas five | |
years ago appears to be thawing under the heat of US President Donald | |
Trump’s economic pressure. | |
For the first time since 2018, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi will | |
travel to China this week to attend a summit hosted by Chinese leader | |
Xi Jinping, a visit that comes after Trump imposed punishing from | |
India. | |
In a moment of geopolitical whiplash, the two leaders – whose | |
soldiers fought a brutal hand-to-hand combat with fists, rocks and | |
clubs at their in 2020 – could now shake hands, prioritizing economic | |
stability over entrenched rivalry. | |
Alongside Modi, world leaders from Russia, Pakistan, Iran and Central | |
Asia will join Xi this weekend for what Beijing has said will be the | |
largest summit yet of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), a | |
Moscow and Beijing-founded regional security club aimed at reshaping | |
the global balance of power. | |
India’s presence at the event is the most telling example yet of the | |
warming ties between the two Asian powers – a budding realignment | |
that threatens to undo years-long US efforts to cultivate New Delhi as | |
a counterweight against a rising and increasingly assertive China. | |
While a thaw in India and China’s fractious relationship was already | |
underway, analysts say Trump’s “America First” policies are | |
making the two leaders, who have built their political brands on a | |
strong foundation of nationalism, explore a partnership of necessity. | |
Trump’s imposition of tariffs over India’s purchases of Russian oil | |
have been especially hard to swallow for Modi, who enjoyed with Trump | |
during the US president’s first term. | |
The threat of the levies “infused a certain amount of urgency” in | |
New Delhi’s pivot toward stabilizing its relationship with Beijing, | |
said Manoj Kewalramani, who heads Indo-Pacific studies at the | |
Takshashila Institution research center in the Indian city of | |
Bengaluru. However he said it wasn’t the “primary driver” for a | |
reset, with both India and China looking to stabilize their | |
relationship for their own national interests. | |
Successive White House administrations have worked to boost strategic | |
ties with India through technology transfers and joint military drills, | |
working with the world’s largest democracy to counter an increasingly | |
assertive China in the Indo-Pacific region. | |
Losing India would be “the worst outcome” | |
Following a meeting between Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Prime | |
Minister Modi in New Delhi last week, both sides recognized the recent | |
improvements in their strained relationship. | |
“India-China relations have made steady progress guided by respect | |
for each other’s interests and sensitivities,” the Indian leader | |
said. “Stable, predictable, constructive ties between India and China | |
will contribute significantly to regional as well as global peace and | |
prosperity.” | |
The view from Beijing, according to Yun Sun, director of the China | |
Program at the Stimson Center think tank in Washington, is that “this | |
detente was definitely started by Trump.” | |
“India is no longer able to pretend that it still has strong support | |
from (Washington),” Sun said. Therefore, Beijing’s view is that | |
because the US has “dialed back” India has to “recalibrate its | |
foreign policy and improve its relationship with China.” | |
But analysts say the summit is unlikely to usher in a fundamental | |
realignment. | |
“To me, it’s not a reset in the sense that India is saying ‘we | |
are done with America.’ That’s not going to happen,” said | |
Kewalramani. | |
“The United States remains (India’s) most important partner in the | |
world, but China is our largest neighbor,” Kewalramani said. “We | |
have to live with it.” | |
From brotherhood to rivalry | |
The trajectory of India-China relations has evolved from one of | |
post-colonial brotherhood to modern-day strategic rivalry. | |
India was one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations | |
with the People’s Republic of China in 1950, with that decade | |
characterized by a shared vision of Asian solidarity. That nascent | |
friendship was, however, shattered by the 1962 Sino-Indian War, a brief | |
but brutal conflict that established a legacy of deep mistrust and an | |
unresolved border dispute that remains the relationship’s festering | |
wound. | |
In the decades that followed, the countries’ leaders took steps to | |
build economic ties that saw bilateral trade grow, despite ongoing | |
tensions at their shared border. But the deadly 2020 Galwan Valley | |
clashes – which left at least 20 Indian and four Chinese soldiers | |
dead – violently upended this balance. | |
“The 2020 clashes are not simply something India can put behind | |
it,” said Farwa Aamer, director of South Asia Initiatives at the Asia | |
Society Policy Institute. “Instead, the aim here is to ensure no such | |
episodes repeat, and that is where rebuilding the relationship rests on | |
reaching a joint understanding on border stability.” | |
There has been a gradual normalization of ties between India and China | |
after Modi and Xi met on the sidelines of the BRICS summit in Russia | |
last October. The two sides agreed to restart direct flights cancelled | |
since the Covid-19 pandemic, Beijing recently agreed to reopen two | |
pilgrimage sites in western Tibet to Indians for the first time in five | |
years, and both started re-issuing tourist visas for each other’s | |
citizens. | |
A balancing act | |
India’s recalibration of ties with China is a textbook application of | |
its policy of strategic autonomy, which prioritizes national interests | |
over rigid bloc allegiance. | |
At the SCO summit, as well as China’s Xi, Modi will be in the | |
presence of the prime minister of traditional adversary Pakistan, with | |
whom India recently engaged in a deadly conflict, as well as | |
traditional partner Russia, whose continued oil sales to India since | |
its invasion of Ukraine have irked the US and pushed Trump to slap 25% | |
tariffs on Indian goods as punishment. | |
This engagement with a China-dominated bloc stands in stark contrast to | |
India’s deepening ties with the Quad – a security grouping with the | |
US, Japan, and Australia – that is widely seen as a democratic | |
counterweight to China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean. | |
With their border dispute locked in a stalemate, India is choosing to | |
insulate its diplomatic and economic imperatives from the security | |
conflict with China, according to Kewalramani from the Takshashila | |
Institution. | |
“While both sides know there are structural challenges and this | |
relationship will remain difficult, both sides realize that a | |
deterioration to the extent that it happened is in neither’s | |
interest,” he said. | |
The path to stability | |
India’s strategic recalibration toward China is rooted less in a | |
softening security posture and more in economic necessity. | |
Last year, China was India’s second-largest trading partner after the | |
US, with bilateral trade reaching $118 billion, according to data from | |
India’s department of commerce. India depends on China not just for | |
finished goods like electronics, but for the essential intermediate | |
products and raw materials that fuel its own industries. | |
Yet, this economic entanglement exists under the shadow of a tense | |
military reality. | |
Any talks between Modi and Xi would be complicated by the tens of | |
thousands of troops still deployed at their disputed Himalayan border | |
and this unresolved conflict remains the primary barrier to rebuilding | |
confidence. Last week, the two sides agreed to 10 points of consensus | |
on their border issue, including maintaining “peace and | |
tranquility,” according to a statement from China’s Ministry of | |
Foreign Affairs. | |
As Tanvi Madan, a senior fellow in the Center for Asia Policy Studies | |
in the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution, notes, | |
it’s “not clear that either side will really trust each other.” | |
The major test, she said, is whether the rhetoric from the two leaders | |
translates to de-escalation on the ground, something that has failed | |
before. | |
The future of the India-China relationship will be defined by their | |
ability to manage this delicate dance. | |
The future, said Asia Society’s Aamer, will bring “perhaps a more | |
stable relationship, where competition isn’t necessarily over, but | |
conflict is at bay.” | |
<- back to index |