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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
For the first time, a genetically modified pig lung was transplanted | |
into a brain-dead man | |
By Jen Christensen, CNN | |
Updated: | |
11:00 AM EDT, Mon August 25, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
A genetically modified pig lung was transplanted into a brain-dead man | |
and functioned for nine days, according to a newly published report. | |
There has been some recent success transplanting pig kidneys and hearts | |
into people, but this is believed to be the first attempt to transplant | |
a pig lung into a human. Doctors hope this could someday be an options | |
for people in need of organs, but experts say it won’t be any time | |
soon. | |
Authors from Guangzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital in | |
Ching didn’t identify the patient in the study, but he’s described | |
as a 39-year-old man who was declared brain-dead after a brain | |
hemorrhage. Doctors transplanted a pig lung into his body after getting | |
consent from the man’s family. The findings were published Monday in | |
the journal Nature Medicine. | |
With any human-to-human transplant or animal-to-human transplant – | |
also known as xenotransplantation – doctors watch carefully for | |
infection and rejection. | |
The patient received several medications to reduce the risk of | |
infection and rejection. The lung itself had also received six gene | |
edits, and the donor pig was kept in an extremely clean and strictly | |
controlled area for its entire life. | |
In the study, the researchers reported that they didn’t see immediate | |
signs of rejection after the transplant but problems arose after just a | |
day. | |
Widespread swelling developed throughout the man’s body as fluid | |
built up in his tissues, potentially due to a blood flow problem. In | |
addition to helping a person breathe, the lungs play a role in blood | |
circulation. | |
There were some signs of partial recovery just days after the | |
transplant, but despite all the precautions, doctors saw signs that the | |
man’s body was starting to reject the organ. | |
At the request of the man’s family, doctors terminated the | |
experiment. | |
“Although this study demonstrates the feasibility of pig-to-human | |
lung xenotransplantation, substantial challenges relating to organ | |
rejection and infection remain,” the researchers wrote in the new | |
study. They concluded that more research is needed before the procedure | |
could be done again repeated in a clinical trial. | |
The world has a tremendous need for donated organs. In the US alone in | |
2023 the waiting list for all organ transplants was twice as long as | |
the number . | |
Last year, there were more than in the US, but more than 103,000 people | |
were on waiting lists. people in the United States die every day | |
waiting for a transplant, according to the federal Health Resources and | |
Services Administration, or HRSA. | |
Pig valves have been transplanted into humans for the past 30 years; | |
organs are trickier, but doctors have seen limited success with | |
genetically modified pig hearts and pig kidneys. They’ve also | |
experimented with a genetically modified pig liver but had less | |
success, at least so far. | |
The most success to date has been with a man in Massachusetts, , who is | |
living with a genetically modified pig kidney that was transplanted at | |
Massachusetts General Hospital in January. | |
Experts say there’s a ways to go before pig lung transplants show as | |
much success. | |
“Nobody would sign up for a nine-day lung transplant,” said Dr. | |
Adam Griesemer, a a senior member of the xenotransplantation team for | |
NYU Langone’s Transplant Institute, who was not involved with the new | |
research. | |
Griesemer said transplants of pig lungs into other animal in past | |
experiments have shown similar results. | |
“I think it is very important to do these studies since you can’t | |
assume that the animal models are going to perfectly reflect what | |
happens in human recipients,” Griesemer said. | |
The researchers in China said they did the study, in part, because | |
there is “transformative potential” in xenotransplantation. | |
, chief of thoracic surgery and director of the , found the research | |
interesting but added that he thinks pig-to-human lung transplants | |
won’t be happening any time soon. | |
“We’ll learn something from this, but I’m not fully convinced | |
that this really opens up the doors to doing bigger trials, just based | |
on what we observed here,” he said. | |
Lungs are much more complicated to transplant than organs like kidneys, | |
he said. | |
The lungs play a critical role in blood filtration, temperature | |
regulation, platelet production, pH balance and immune defense, and | |
they have metabolic and endocrine functions. And unlike the kidney or | |
heart, the lungs are exposed to outside elements like viruses and | |
bacteria when they take in air. | |
Because they are so large and covered with proteins that aid in immune | |
defense, even with a lung transplant from another human, it’s | |
difficult to circumvent the body’s instinct to reject something | |
foreign, Bharat said. | |
“That’s a tough problem to solve. We haven’t really solved that, | |
even in human organs,” he said. “So you are just adding another | |
layer of complexity with pig antigens that can become another | |
problem.” | |
Although the researchers behind the new study suggested that the | |
man’s body did not show signs of immediate rejection of the pig lung, | |
but Bharat isn’t so sure after he looked at the X-ray images and CT | |
images they shared. | |
“There is a lot of damage,” Bharat said. “I don’t know if I’m | |
fully convinced that there was no hyper-acute rejection.” | |
At least where lung transplants are concerned, Bharat thinks, advances | |
in the use of a human’s own stem cells may be more promising than | |
transplanting a pig organ. | |
Griesemer said there is also research under way to use a pig lung as a | |
scaffold so scientists using stem cell therapy can swap out the pig | |
cells for human cells. | |
“In a sense, that would not really be a xenotransplant, because the | |
cells would be human, but the structure would be from a pig,” | |
Griesemer said. “So that’s another possibility for how medical | |
technology might solve this problem for people that need lung | |
transplant.” | |
Recent advances in and gene editing, along with a better understanding | |
of infection control, have led a handful of institutions to | |
breakthroughs transplanting other pig organs — all key steps that | |
could one day lead to an alternative organ supply. | |
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