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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
In Africa, Russia is swapping a ruthless paramilitary for a replica it | |
can control. What’s Putin’s game plan? | |
By Nimi Princewill, CNN | |
Updated: | |
4:24 AM EDT, Mon August 25, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Wagner, a feared Russian mercenary group that is notorious for staging | |
a failed mutiny against Moscow and accused of committing serious abuses | |
against civilians in Africa, is being replaced on the continent by | |
another Russian paramilitary. | |
Its successor, experts say, is the Kremlin-controlled Africa Corps. | |
For years, Wagner, which was funded by the Russian government and by | |
Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2023, has embodied Moscow’s | |
military offerings in the Sahel, a semiarid region of western and | |
north-central Africa that extends from Senegal to Sudan. | |
With Wagner’s exit from swathes of the region, which is beset by | |
recurring coups, armed rebellion and extremist insurgency, however, it | |
seems the Kremlin wants a controlled, but unofficial, army to replace | |
it. | |
Putin revealed at a in 2023 that the Kremlin had “concluded | |
military-technical cooperation agreements with more than 40 African | |
countries, to which we supply a wide range of weapons and equipment.” | |
The Kremlin is to some extent filling a vacuum left by Western troops, | |
who were between 2022 and this year as anti-Western sentiments | |
reverberate around the region. | |
At a time when the West has largely turned its attention elsewhere, | |
from wars in the Middle East and Ukraine to tensions with China, Russia | |
has become a sought-after security partner both within and outside the | |
Sahel. | |
In parts of the region, such as Mali, where Wagner , with dozens | |
reported killed in a rebel ambush a year ago, its forces have joined | |
local militaries in combat against insurgents. | |
What we know about the Africa Corps | |
Wagner’s successor is not self-run. Unlike the mercenary group, the | |
paramilitary Africa Corps is placed under the umbrella of the Russian | |
defense ministry, according to the group’s official Telegram channel. | |
The corps consists of elite combat commanders from Russia’s army. | |
“Priority” recruitment was also given to current and former Wagner | |
fighters, a post on the Africa Corps’ Telegram channel in January | |
2024. | |
Operatives of the Africa Corps have since joined the battlefield, with | |
Mali’s military against militia groups. | |
Wagner that it was leaving Mali, one of the troubled nations in the | |
Sahel, saying it had completed a three-and-a-half-year mission fighting | |
insurgents in the junta-led West African country. | |
A similar exit by Wagner has been mooted in the Central African | |
Republic (CAR), the nerve center of the group in Africa. | |
Wagner has operated in CAR since 2018 and has become the dominant force | |
in the Central African nation following the final . It is widely | |
credited in CAR with helping the nation stave off collapse. | |
Earlier this month, however, military officials in CAR that Russia’s | |
defense ministry had asked authorities in the nation to substitute in | |
the Africa Corps for Wagner and to pay for its services in cash. | |
Remuneration of Wagner for providing military services to CAR, which | |
include protecting its president, reclaiming territory seized by rebels | |
and keeping armed groups at bay, “is done in an extremely hidden and | |
discreet manner” by CAR’s government, Martin Ziguélé, an | |
opposition lawmaker who served as prime minister from 2001 to 2003, in | |
January. | |
As a result, it is not clear how Wagner’s services are paid for. | |
Still, previous CNN investigations that companies linked to ex-Wagner | |
leader Yevgeny Prigozhin had won concessions to mine gold and diamonds | |
in CAR, where nearly 70% of the population lives in extreme poverty | |
– the fifth highest in the world, according to a World Bank | |
assessment in 2023. | |
Prigozhin was northwest of Moscow in August 2023, two months after he | |
launched a failed rebellion against Russia’s military leadership. | |
Neither a government spokesperson nor CAR’s defense or communication | |
ministers responded to CNN’s request for comment on the alleged | |
planned pivot to the Africa Corps. CNN has also not heard back from | |
Russian authorities. | |
The communications minister, Maxime Balalou, told CNN in January that a | |
bilateral defense agreement “allowed Russia to provide us with | |
weapons,” as well as “handling and training for our defense and | |
security forces, (and) assisting our armed forces on the ground.” | |
The Africa Corps has already arrived in other parts of Africa, | |
according to the Africa Corps’ Telegram channel, operating in West | |
African nations and , both governed by juntas. | |
It is not known whether the corps functions in Central Africa’s | |
Equatorial Guinea, which hosts an estimated , according to a Reuters | |
report late last year. Equatorial Guinea has had the same ruler for 46 | |
years. | |
What does Putin want to do differently? | |
Russia’s move to replace Wagner in Africa could be a “strategic | |
rebranding by Moscow,” according to Héni Nsaibia, a senior analyst | |
at the crisis-monitoring group, the Armed Conflict Location & Event | |
Data Project (ACLED). | |
“With the Wagner name severely tarnished after the mutiny and | |
Prigozhin’s death, Russia is likely consolidating its foreign | |
military ventures under formal state control by erasing the | |
‘Wagner’ brand while retaining its core functions under a new name | |
like the Africa Corps,” Nsaibia said in written responses to CNN. | |
“In this way,” he added, “Moscow can distance itself from the | |
mercenary narrative while maintaining a strong presence in the | |
region.” | |
Institutionalizing its military engagement in Africa could benefit the | |
Kremlin in other ways, Nsaibia said. | |
“The Africa Corps is intended to give Moscow greater control over | |
operations, and potentially more international legitimacy, and fewer | |
legal and reputational risks,” Nsaibia explained. | |
Wagner has from human rights groups over accusations of human rights | |
abuses. | |
The European Union sanctioned the Wagner Group and individuals and | |
entities connected to it in and . Among those sanctioned in 2023 were | |
“the head of the Wagner Group in Mali, where Wagner mercenaries have | |
been involved in acts of violence and multiple human rights abuses, | |
including extrajudicial killings, as well as various high-profile | |
members of the group in the CAR,” the Council of the EU said. | |
United Nations experts also called in 2023 for an into alleged crimes | |
committed by the Wagner Group and the Malian military. | |
Their statement said, “the lack of transparency and ambiguity over | |
the legal status of the Wagner Group… create an overall climate of | |
terror and complete impunity for victims of the Wagner Group’s | |
abuses.” | |
Malian authorities pushed back against the allegations, that the | |
country “was unwavering in prosecuting and punishing proven | |
perpetrators of human rights violations.” | |
While many questions remain about Wagner’s operations in Africa, | |
there are mixed views about the impact its counterterrorism operations | |
with local armies have had on the continent. | |
“I don’t see what Wagner has brought to the battle (against | |
terrorists),” said security consultant Mamadou Adje. | |
“Since they (Wagner forces) joined the fight, jihadists have spread | |
across Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger with lots of civilian | |
casualties,” Adje, a retired Senegalese colonel who previously served | |
in Mali and Burkina Faso under West African regional bloc ECOWAS, told | |
CNN. | |
As for Wagner’s replacement with the Africa Corps in certain | |
countries, “I don’t see much changing on the battlefield,” Adje | |
said. | |
In Nsaibia’s view, Wagner helped Mali’s military “achieve some | |
tactical and strategic victories, notably the recapture of rebel | |
strongholds.” | |
Nonetheless, he said, the group leaves behind “a state on the brink | |
of collapse.” | |
Earlier this month, UN delegates that security across the Sahel “is | |
deteriorating rapidly,” and that terrorist activity in parts of the | |
region has intensified “in scale, complexity and sophistication, | |
including through the use of drones, alternative internet | |
communication, and increasing collusion with transnational organized | |
crime.” | |
Ahunna Eziakonwa, a UN Assistant Secretary-General and Africa Director | |
for the UN’s development program (UNDP), warns that the security | |
problems in the Sahel “are beyond the capacity of the national | |
governments,” and so global support is needed. | |
What matters, though, is that any help from external actors is | |
“well-meaning,” she told CNN, adding: “We’re not promoting any | |
kind of support in the military side or security side that undermines | |
human rights, irrespective of where it comes from.” | |
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