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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
A former FDA chief’s ‘brilliant’ move to test the agency’s | |
commitment to making America healthy | |
By Sarah Owermohle, Sandee LaMotte, CNN | |
Updated: | |
10:38 PM EDT, Thu August 7, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
The former head of the US Food and Drug Administration is testing the | |
Trump administration’s commitment to “Make America Healthy Again” | |
with a challenge to crack down on some of the key ingredients in | |
ultraprocessed foods. | |
In a petition filed Wednesday, the former FDA commissioner, Dr. David | |
Kessler, argued that the agency has the authority to declare that | |
certain sweeteners, refined flours and other additives are not | |
“generally recognized as safe.” Removing that designation, known as | |
GRAS, would force makers of ultraprocessed foods to remove products | |
from the market and reformulate recipes — or try to prove that those | |
ingredients are not harmful. | |
It would be a sweeping change to the food industry and a significant | |
shift in the Trump administration’s MAHA strategy. So far, US Health | |
and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has to remove | |
artificial dyes and other additives from their products. | |
“Kessler has given the FDA a way to define the vast majority of | |
ultra-processed foods. In doing so, he has handed RFK Jr a huge gift on | |
the path to regulating these products. It’s just what MAHA has asked | |
for. I hope they take it seriously,” Marion Nestle, the Paulette | |
Goddard professor emerita of nutrition, food studies and public health | |
at New York University, said in an email. | |
Kessler proposed that companies have 12 months to submit a petition to | |
keep those food additives in their products and then go on to prove | |
they are safe. | |
“It’s a very appropriate, worthy step to shift the burden of proof | |
where it belongs and have the industry meet that burden, or stop using | |
the substances.” said Michael Taylor, a former FDA food regulator and | |
current co-chair of the nonprofit STOP Foodborne Illness. “It’s | |
using the GRAS tool to really drive a serious safety conversation.” | |
HHS did not respond to a request for comment. | |
Federal health officials announced last month that they are looking for | |
input on how to define ultraprocessed foods, a first step in eventually | |
setting up new regulations, which could take months to years to | |
establish. Kessler’s petition could put pressure on that ultimately | |
lengthy timeline; the agency is required to respond to the request | |
within 180 days. | |
Kessler, a physician who served as FDA commissioner under presidents | |
Bill Clinton and George H.W. Bush, and advised President Joe Biden | |
during the Covid-19 pandemic, oversaw the agency when it began | |
requiring nutrition labels on food products. | |
He also spearheaded efforts for FDA to regulate tobacco in the 1990s | |
and sees parallels to that fight. | |
“What was key in tobacco was finding the regulatory hook,” Kessler | |
told CNN. “It was about asking the right legal question that would | |
frame the issue.” | |
That has been the tricky part of setting up any regulatory standards | |
for sugary and starchy foods, he said. | |
The term ultra processed foods has resonated with the public, he said, | |
but “it’s going to be hard to define, legally, what’s in it.” | |
But there is a pressing need to do that, he argues. The FDA allowed | |
these ingredients under GRAS regulations four decades ago, and rates of | |
obesity, diabetes, and heart disease have climbed in the years since, | |
he wrote in his petition. The argument echoes Kennedy’s own case for | |
MAHA reforms to food policy. | |
A ‘brilliant’ move on processed foods | |
The petition focuses on refined flours and starches — which the body | |
breaks down into sugars — that are subjected to food extrusion | |
technology, including wheat, corn, tapioca, oat and potato flour. It | |
also references refined sugars, including corn syrup, corn solids, | |
dextrose, xylose, maltose, and high-fructose corn syrups. Finally, the | |
petition targets any manufactured sugars, flours and starches that | |
contain additives commonly used in today’s ultraprocessed foods. | |
Tackling the issue of too much sugar is a key to better health, experts | |
CNN spoke with agree, but they say the real genius of Kessler’s | |
petition is his focus on additives. | |
“The food industry uses the emulsifiers, the stabilizers, the gels | |
and the rest to make inexpensive, high volume, industrially processed | |
foods,” said Christopher Gardner, director of nutrition studies at | |
the Stanford Prevention Research Center. | |
“If you take those tools away from industry it’s not that foods | |
will taste bad and icky,” Gardner said. “They won’t be as | |
addictive, as flavorful, as tasty — and industry has made these foods | |
as manipulatively flavorful and manipulatively tasty. That’s the | |
problem.” | |
Several food and nutrition experts heralded Kessler’s petition as a | |
bold move that would, if enacted by FDA, reshape the food industry. | |
“This is an important proposal that is based on the true meaning of | |
GRAS, which would exclude the majority of foods on our grocery | |
shelves,” said leading nutrition researcher Dr. Walter Willett, | |
professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard T.H. Chan School of | |
Public Health and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in | |
Boston. | |
The GRAS standard, created in 1958, was originally intended to narrowly | |
apply to commonly used ingredients in the nation’s food supply, such | |
as oil, vinegar and baking soda. Manufacturers that used those products | |
could rely on existing research to show their safety but are supposed | |
to file GRAS petitions for newer ingredients like refined sugars. | |
FDA updated its system in the late 1990s — amid a backlog of | |
petitions for new additives — allowing companies to voluntarily | |
notify the agency that they had determined their ingredients were | |
generally safe. | |
A conducted by the Environmental Working Group found that nearly 99% | |
of new chemicals used in food or food packaging since 2000 were | |
green-lit for use not by the FDA but by the food and chemical industry. | |
During that period, food manufacturers asked the FDA’s permission to | |
introduce a new substance only 10 times, according to the analysis. | |
Barry Popkin, the W. R. Kenan, Jr. Distinguished Professor at the | |
Gillings School of Global Public Health in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, | |
called Kessler’s petition “a brilliant move.” | |
“Knowing the FDA like he does - he’s put industry in a real | |
bind,” Popkin said. “They have to show that without a reasonable | |
doubt that carbohydrates, along with additives, are healthy, and do not | |
hurt health. And that’s next to impossible. | |
“It’s the strongest play a citizen can do to affect our food supply | |
that I’ve ever seen.” | |
But Kessler’s proposed changes are likely to meet significant | |
pushback from major food brands. | |
Michael Taylor was FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods in 2015 when | |
the agency revoked the GRAS status of partially hydrogenated oils, or | |
trans fats, citing extensive research about their links to risks of | |
heart disease and stroke. The agency gave companies three years to | |
comply and remove those oils from their products. | |
But at that time, “the handwriting was on the wall” for industry | |
and many companies had already stopped using those trans fats, Taylor | |
said. “Obviously the substances that [Kessler] is describing, it’s | |
a lot of … highly processed, fine carbohydrates, and a lot of | |
products.” | |
The petition lands as Trump administration officials, led by Kennedy, | |
prepare to release their second MAHA report. While the MAHA | |
Commission’s singled out potential drivers of chronic illnesses in | |
children — including ingredients in ultraprocessed foods — its | |
second installment is expected to lay out proposed policy changes. The | |
report is due by Tuesday. | |
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