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lite.cnn.com - on gopher - inofficial | |
ARTICLE VIEW: | |
Mountains are among the planet’s most beautiful places. They’re | |
also becoming the deadliest | |
By Laura Paddison, CNN | |
Updated: | |
7:00 AM EDT, Sat June 7, 2025 | |
Source: CNN | |
Jan Beutel was half-watching a , a mountain peak in the Swiss Alps, | |
when he realized its cacophony of creaks and rumbles was getting | |
louder. He dropped his work, turned up the sound and found himself | |
unable to look away. | |
“The whole screen exploded,” he said. | |
Beutel, a computer engineer specializing in mountain monitoring, had | |
just witnessed a glacier collapse. On May 28, an avalanche of millions | |
of tons of ice and rock barreled down the slope, burying Blatten, a | |
centuries-old village nestled in the valley below. | |
Local authorities had already evacuated the village after parts of the | |
mountain had crumbled onto the glacier; a 64-year old man believed to | |
have stayed remains missing. | |
But no one expected an event of this magnitude. | |
Successive rock avalanches onto the glacier increased the pressure on | |
the ice, causing it to melt faster and the glacier to accelerate, | |
eventually destabilizing it and pushing it from its bed. The collapse | |
was sudden, violent and catastrophic. “This one just left no moment | |
to catch a breath,” Beutel said. | |
The underlying causes will take time to unravel. A collapse of this | |
magnitude would have been set in motion by geological factors going | |
back decades at least, said Matthias Huss, a glaciologist at the Swiss | |
university ETH Zürich. | |
But it’s “likely climate change is involved,” he said, as warming | |
temperatures melt the ice that holds mountains together. It’s a | |
problem affecting mountains across the planet. | |
People have long been fascinated with mountains for their dramatic | |
beauty. Some make their homes beneath them — around live in mountain | |
communities — others are drawn by adventure, the challenge of | |
conquering peaks. | |
These majestic landscapes have always been dangerous, but as the world | |
warms, they are becoming much more unpredictable and much deadlier. | |
“We do not fully understand the hazard at the moment, nor how the | |
dangers are changing with climate change,” said David Petley, an | |
Earth scientist at the University of Hull in England. | |
Snowy and icy mountains are inherently sensitive to climate change. | |
Very high mountains are etched with fractures filled with ice — | |
called permafrost — which glues them together. As the permafrost | |
thaws, mountains can become destabilized. “We are seeing more large | |
rock slope collapses in many mountains as a result,” Petley told CNN. | |
Glaciers are also , especially in regions such as the Alps and the | |
Andes, which face the possibility of a glacier-free future. As these | |
rivers of ancient ice disappear, they expose mountain faces, causing | |
more rocks to fall. | |
There have been several big collapses in the Alps in recent years as | |
ice melts and permafrost thaws. | |
In July 2022, about 64,000 tons of water, rock and ice broke off from | |
the Marmolada Glacier in northern Italy after unusually hot weather | |
caused massive melting. The subsequent ice avalanche killed 11 people | |
hiking a popular trail. | |
In 2023, the peak of Fluchthorn, a mountain on the border between | |
Switzerland and Austria, collapsed as permafrost thawed, sending into | |
the valley below. | |
“This really seems to be something new. There seems to be a trend in | |
such big events in high mountain areas,” Huss said. | |
Melting glaciers can also form lakes, which can become so full that | |
they burst their banks, sending water and debris cascading down | |
mountainsides. | |
In 2023, a permafrost landslide caused a large glacial lake in Sikkim, | |
India, to break its banks, causing a catastrophic deluge that . Last | |
year, a caused destructive flooding in Juneau, Alaska — a now regular | |
occurrence for the city. | |
After two years in a row of destructive glacial flooding, Juneau is | |
scrambling to erect temporary flood barriers ahead of the next melting | |
season, the reported this week. | |
As well as melting ice, there’s another hazard destabilizing | |
mountains: rain. | |
Extreme precipitation is increasingly falling on mountains as rain | |
instead of snow, said Mohammed Ombadi, an assistant professor at the | |
University of Michigan College of Engineering. His research shows every | |
1 degree Celsius of global warming increases . | |
This pushes up the risks of flooding, landslides and soil erosion. | |
Northern Hemisphere mountains will become “hotspots” for extreme | |
rain, Ombadi said. | |
Heavy rainfall this month in Sikkim, a Himalayan state in northern | |
India, triggered a series of landslides, killing at least three people. | |
Images show carved into the mountain, with buildings and trees | |
obliterated. | |
Scientists do have tools to monitor mountains and warn communities. | |
“There are fantastic instruments that can predict quite accurately | |
when a rock mass (or) ice mass is going to come down,” Huss said. The | |
difficulty is knowing where to look when a landscape is constantly | |
changing in unpredictable ways. | |
“This is what climate change actually does… there are more new and | |
previously unrecognized situations,” Huss said. | |
These are particularly hard to deal with in developing countries, which | |
don’t have the resources for extensive monitoring. | |
Scientists say the only way to reduce the impact of the climate crisis | |
on mountains is to bring down global temperatures, but some changes are | |
already locked in. | |
“Even if we manage to stabilize the climate right now, (glaciers) | |
will continue to retreat significantly,” Huss said. Almost 40% of | |
the world’s glaciers are , according to a new study. | |
“We could have maybe avoided most of (the negative impacts) if we had | |
acted 50 years ago and brought down CO2 emissions. But we failed,” | |
Huss added. | |
The consequences are hitting as the numbers of people living in and | |
visiting mountains increases. “We’re just more exposed than we used | |
to be,” he said. | |
Ludovic Ravanel, an Alpine climber and geomorphologist who focuses on | |
mountains’ response to global warming, has a front line view of the | |
increasing dangers of these landscapes. | |
Mountains are the “most convincing” hotspots of climate change, he | |
told CNN. When he’s focused on the science, he keeps his emotions at | |
arm’s length. But as a father, and a mountaineer, it hits him. | |
“I see just how critical the situation is. And even then, we’re | |
only at the very beginning.” | |
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