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kokada.dev.atom.xml - sfeed_tests - sfeed tests and RSS and Atom files |
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kokada.dev.atom.xml (494691B) |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <feed xml:lang="en-us" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><title>kokada… |
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3 post</a>. It is mostly |
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4 because I ran out of things to write, but I expected this. This is proba… |
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5 more likely how I am actually going to post from now. At least, it shows… |
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6 my plan to have a <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/making-a-blog-for-… |
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7 time</a>, that is |
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8 easy to go back when I wanted is working fine, but I digress.</p> |
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9 <p>Going back to the theme of the today blog post, I needed to wri… |
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10 page</a> for the first time in years. I |
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11 hate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troff">troff</a>… |
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12 for man pages (similar to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTe… |
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13 documents). It is one of the weirdest languages that I ever saw, and eve… |
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14 example in Wikipedia shows that:</p> |
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15 <pre><code class="language-troff">.ND &quot;January 10, … |
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16 .AU &quot;Ms. Jane Smith&quot; |
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17 .AT &quot;Upcoming appointment&quot; |
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18 .MT 5 |
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19 .DS |
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20 Reference #A12345 |
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21 .sp 4 |
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22 Mr. Samuel Jones |
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23 Field director, Bureau of Inspections |
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24 1010 Government Plaza |
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25 Capitoltown, ST |
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26 .sp 3 |
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27 Dear Mr. Jones, |
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28 .sp 2 |
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29 .P |
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30 Making reference to the noted obligation to submit for state inspection … |
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31 .B now , |
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32 in |
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33 .I this |
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34 year of |
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35 .I this |
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36 decade, to prepare our industrial base for the interstate and internatio… |
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37 .P |
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38 Thank you for your consideration of our position. |
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39 .FC Sincerely |
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40 .SG |
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41 </code></pre> |
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42 <p>Keep in mind that the break lines are necessary every time you … |
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43 macro, like <code>.I this</code> (that I <em>think<… |
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44 as illegible as hell, and it is worse that the format lacks good tooling… |
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45 least I didn't find any good ones).</p> |
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46 <p>Most people when they need to write a man page nowadays ends up… |
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47 other format that generates a man page. For example, in the past I used |
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48 <a href="https://pandoc.org/">Pandoc</a> to convert Markdown… |
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49 Pandoc is a great project the result is sub-optimal at best: Markdowns a… |
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50 the end, designed for generating HTML (and a subset of it), and not man … |
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51 so you basically ends up fighting the format for it to do what you want. |
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52 Also, Pandoc is a big project, with a ~200MB binary (at least it is the … |
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53 Pandoc binary in Nix).</p> |
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54 <p>For this specific project I needed something small. I am trying… |
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55 of the most essential pieces inside NixOS, <code>nixos-rebuild<… |
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56 with a <a href="https://discourse.nixos.org/t/nixos-rebuild-ng-a-nixo… |
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57 Python</a> |
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58 (sorry Rust zealots!), called <code>nixos-rebuild-ng</code>.… |
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59 <p>Since this project will eventually (if successful) be in the cr… |
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60 NixOS, I want to reduce the number of dependencies as much as possible, … |
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61 something as big as Pandoc is out. I could use |
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62 <a href="https://asciidoc.org/">AsciiDoc</a>, but it is a bi… |
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63 (this may seem ironic, but <code>nixos-rebuild-ng</code> has… |
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64 that is optional). And I also hated the last time I tried to use it to g… |
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65 man pages: it more flexible than Markdown, but still far from optimal.&l… |
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66 <p>Thanks to Drew DeVault (creator of <a href="https://swaywm.o… |
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67 had the same issues in the past and created |
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68 <a href="https://drewdevault.com/2018/05/13/scdoc.html"><code&g… |
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69 page generator using a DSL inspired in Markdown, but specific to generat… |
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70 pages. The binary is written in C (and advantage in this case since it m… |
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71 is easier to bootstrap), is small (~1 Kloc) and has no dependencies, so … |
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72 fits the requirement.</p> |
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73 <p>While the language suffers from being a niche project for a nic… |
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74 <a href="https://man.archlinux.org/man/scdoc.5.en">man page</a&… |
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75 nice. It is terse though and lacks examples, and this is what this blog … |
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76 will try to accomplish.</p> |
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77 <p>To start, let's have a quick summary of the syntax, written in … |
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78 comments:</p> |
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79 <pre><code class="language-scdoc">; quick summary: |
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80 ; # new section |
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81 ; comments starts with ; |
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82 ; - this is a list |
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83 ; - sub-list |
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84 ; - *bold*: _underline_, force a line break++ |
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85 ; - [tables], \[ can be used to force an actual [ |
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86 ; . numbered list |
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87 ; please configure your editor to use hard tabs |
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88 ; see `man 5 scdoc` for more information about syntax |
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89 ; or https://man.archlinux.org/man/scdoc.5.en |
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90 </code></pre> |
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91 <p>I actually added this summary in the <code>.scd</code&… |
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92 I wrote, so it is easy for someone that never saw the format to start |
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93 collaborating.</p> |
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94 <p>And here an example of a (summarised) man page in <code>.… |
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95 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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96 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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97 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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98 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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117 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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118 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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119 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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120 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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121 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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122 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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123 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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124 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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125 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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126 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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127 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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128 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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129 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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130 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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131 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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132 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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133 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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134 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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135 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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136 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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137 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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138 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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139 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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140 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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141 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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142 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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143 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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144 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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145 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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146 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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147 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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148 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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149 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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150 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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151 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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152 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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153 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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154 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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155 </span></span></code></pre><p>And here is … |
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156 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
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157 file"></a></p> |
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158 <p>One of nice things that I found is how looking at the plain tex… |
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159 like the man page result already. And if you know Markdown, you can basi… |
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160 understand most things that is happening. There are a few differences, l… |
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161 <code>*bold*</code> instead of <code>**bold**</code… |
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162 end of the world.</p> |
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163 <p>Now, the format has its quirks. The first line being the name o… |
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164 and section in parenthesis is required, but this makes sense, since you … |
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165 this information for the corners. But for one, it requires the usage of … |
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166 tabs to create indentation, and the error messages are awful, in a situa… |
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167 that kind remembers me of <code>Makefile</code>. Also the ch… |
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168 means that the traditional <code>app [command]</code> needs … |
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169 <code>app \[command]</code>. I found this a strange choice s… |
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170 format that is only used for man pages, and using <code>[command]&… |
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171 optional is common, but at least it is easy to escape.</p> |
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172 <p>In the end, I think all that matters is the result. And for the… |
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173 all those years trying to write a man page, I am satisfied with the resu… |
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174 man page looks exactly as I wanted once rendered, and the <code>.s… |
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175 reasonable good that it can work as a documentation for someone that for… |
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176 reason or another can't use the man page (can't say the same for the tro… |
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177 version). Also, it is really easy for someone to just go there and updat… |
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178 man page, even without experience in the format (except for maybe the |
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179 requirement of tabs). So all in all, I really liked the format, and will… |
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180 again if I need to write another man page in the future.</p></summ… |
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181 wireless earbuds instead of wired earphones is the latency: it is bad, g… |
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182 up to seconds(!) depending on your particular combination of OS/earbuds/… |
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183 <p>There is a solution though: Bluetooth LE Audio, that is suppose… |
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184 multiple issues with the original design for Bluetooth Classic Audio, in… |
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185 a much lower latency, improved efficiency (e.g.: less battery power) and… |
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186 multiple streams of audio. LE Audio also includes a new default codec for |
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187 improved audio quality, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LC3_(c… |
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188 replaces the venerable <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBC_(co… |
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189 for audio.</p> |
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190 <p>However, the standard is a mess right now: a few wireless headp… |
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191 support it, but they're generally disabled by default and it is pretty m… |
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192 enable. And even after enabling it, getting it to work can be a pain.<… |
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193 <p>I have pretty much the best setup to use LE Audio right now: a … |
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194 released Pixel 9 Pro with Sony's |
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195 <a href="https://www.sony.ie/headphones/products/wf-1000xm5">WF-10… |
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196 after lots of tries I got it to work. You can see below the versions of |
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197 everything I am using:</p> |
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198 <ul> |
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199 <li>Android: 14</li> |
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200 <li><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.… |
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201 Connect</a>: |
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202 11.0.1</li> |
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203 <li>WM-1000XM5: 4.0.2</li> |
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204 </ul> |
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205 <p>The first thing you need to do is enable in &quot;Sound Con… |
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206 Priority&quot; in &quot;Device Settings -&gt; System&quo… |
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207 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
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208 Connect"></a></p> |
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209 <p>After this, you will need to pair your headset with the device … |
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210 do this as same as always: press and hold the button in case for a few s… |
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211 until a blue light starts to blink. However, this is where things starts… |
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212 janky: I couldn't get the headset to pair with Android again.</p> |
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213 <p>A few of the things that I needed to do (in no specific order):… |
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214 <ul> |
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215 <li>Remove the previous paired headset</li> |
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216 <li>Restart the Android</li> |
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217 <li>Clean-up &quot;Sound Connect&quot; storage (Long press… |
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218 &quot;Storage and Cache&quot; -&gt; &quot;Clear storage&… |
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219 </ul> |
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220 <p>If you can get the headset to connect, go to the &quot;Blue… |
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221 Android, click in the gear icon for the headset and enable &quot;LE … |
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222 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
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223 Settings"></a></p> |
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224 <p>If you can't, you may want to <a href="https://helpguide.son… |
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225 settings</a> |
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226 and try again from the start (that means pairing your device with &q… |
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227 Connect&quot; again, and you may want to try to clear the storage be… |
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228 <p>Yes, the process is extremely janky, but I think this is why bo… |
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229 Connect&quot; and Android marks this feature as beta/experimental. A… |
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230 to test the latency, but from my initial testing there are some glitches… |
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231 the audio is only used for a short period of time (e.g.: Duolingo only e… |
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232 the audio when the character is speaking). So I only recommend this if y… |
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233 to test how LE Audio will behave, since it is clear that this needs more |
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234 polish.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Quick bits: where does … |
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235 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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236 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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237 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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238 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
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239 is this stored? Well, I had to look at the Nix source code to find the a… |
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240 since I can't find this anywhere in the web or in ChatGPT (but I am sure… |
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241 now that I posted this it will eventually be searchable), and the answer… |
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242 found |
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243 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/c116030605bf7fecd232d0ff3b… |
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244 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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245 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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246 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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247 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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248 </span></span></code></pre><p>Where is <… |
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249 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/blob/c116030605bf7fecd232d0ff3b… |
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250 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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251 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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252 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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253 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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254 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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255 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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256 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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257 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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258 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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259 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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260 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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261 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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262 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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263 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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264 </span></span></code></pre><p>So we solved… |
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265 <ul> |
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266 <li>If <code>NIX_DATA_HOME</code> is set, the file wil… |
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267 <code>$NIX_DATA_HOME/trusted-settings.json</code></li> |
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268 <li>If <code>XDG_DATA_HOME</code> is set, the file wil… |
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269 <code>$XDG_DATA_HOME/nix/trusted-settings.json</code></li… |
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270 <li>Otherwise Nix will fallback to <code>$HOME/.local/share/… |
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271 </ul> |
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272 <p>By the way, if you don't know why you got this prompt, if <c… |
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273 <code>nixConfig</code> attribute inside <code>outputs&… |
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274 attribute (like <code>extra-substituters</code>) you will ge… |
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275 <a href="https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.23/command-ref/conf-file#conf-a… |
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276 in your Nix configuration (please <strong>do not do this</stron… |
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277 it may allow running possible unsafe options without asking you first).&… |
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278 <p>You can inspect the JSON file or delete it and Nix will prompt … |
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279 next time you run a <code>nix</code> command. And yes, savin… |
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280 controversial considering this is Nix, but having the power to set <c… |
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281 attributes is really powerful, and with great powers comes great |
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282 responsibilities.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>My coding exp… |
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283 everywhere you go. However, I like to talk about tools, and AIs, or more |
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284 specifically, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_m… |
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285 Models</a> (LLM), can be |
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286 really useful tools. Maybe someday we will have our AI overlords dominat… |
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287 everything (including my job), but right now I don't feel particularly |
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288 threatened given my experience with AIs.</p> |
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289 <p>Given that <a href="https://mashable.com/article/google-sear… |
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290 worse</a>, I am |
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291 slowly relying in LLMs more and more. This is the focus of this post, ba… |
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292 <a href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_good_the_bad_and_the_ug… |
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293 ugly</a> (by the |
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294 way, never saw this film) of LLMs, especially focused for solving coding |
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295 problems. I will take a look at the my chat history in |
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296 <a href="https://chatgpt.com/">ChatGPT</a> and see where it … |
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297 shined, and where it just completely wasted my time.</p> |
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298 <p>A disclaimer, I never bothered to buy a ChatGPT subscription be… |
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299 feel that the tool is useful enough (at least yet), so most of the examp… |
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300 here are either with <a href="https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/">G… |
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301 mini</a>, |
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302 since those where the models offered by free in ChatGPT.</p> |
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303 <p>An addendum, I have some experience with <a href="https://gi… |
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304 Copilot</a> (another LLM, but this one runs |
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305 inside your IDE or favorite text editor) in <code>$PREVIOUS_JOB<… |
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306 with it is even more underwhelming than what I am going to describe in t… |
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307 post: it was basically really good for generating fixture for tests and … |
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308 ok-ish to plain bad for everything else. Yes, that's would fit in a twee… |
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309 xeet?).</p> |
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310 <h2>The good</h2> |
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311 <p><a href="https://chatgpt.com/share/c58a1432-2761-4954-acac-c… |
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312 <blockquote> |
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313 <p>Is there any way that I can pass a context for a net.conn to ca… |
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314 Read()?</p> |
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315 </blockquote> |
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316 <p>This is one of the good cases where ChatGPT felt to me that I w… |
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317 an expert in Go. To start, I didn't even mention in my initial prompt th… |
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318 was talking about Go, but it correctly inferred so. Also, the solution o… |
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319 was great:</p> |
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320 <blockquote> |
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321 <ol> |
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322 <li><strong>Use a separate goroutine</strong> to handl… |
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323 <li><strong>Set a deadline</strong> on the connection … |
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324 the <code>Read()</code> when the context is canceled.</li… |
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325 </ol> |
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326 </blockquote> |
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327 <p>Before asking ChatGPT about this issue I had already coded my o… |
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328 solution that was something similar to this:</p> |
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329 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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330 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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347 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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348 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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349 </span></span></code></pre><p>Compared thi… |
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350 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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351 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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352 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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357 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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358 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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359 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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360 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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361 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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362 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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363 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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364 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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365 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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366 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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367 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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368 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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369 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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370 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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371 </span></span></code></pre><p>The ChatGPT … |
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372 <ol> |
|
373 <li>It doesn't close the connection socket allowing it to be reuse… |
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374 <li>It waits until the goroutine is finished to avoid leaks</li… |
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375 <li>It closes the channel after it finishes</li> |
|
376 </ol> |
|
377 <p>Now, I don't claim to be a Go expert (far from it), but this wa… |
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378 cases where I felt that I was being guided by someone that is coding in … |
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379 years.</p> |
|
380 <p>But it didn't end there, I asked:</p> |
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381 <blockquote> |
|
382 <p>If I want to reuse the connection, do I need to reset the SetRe… |
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383 </blockquote> |
|
384 <p>Since in this particular case I wanted the underlying connectio… |
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385 and ChatGPT correctly amended the code:</p> |
|
386 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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387 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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388 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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389 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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390 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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391 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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392 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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393 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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394 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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395 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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396 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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397 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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398 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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399 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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400 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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401 </span></span></code></pre><p>Also the exp… |
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402 <blockquote> |
|
403 <p>When you set a read deadline with <code>conn.SetReadDeadl… |
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404 the <code>Read()</code> call, this deadline remains in effec… |
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405 operations. This means that if you attempt another read operation after … |
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406 it could immediately fail with a timeout error if the deadline is still … |
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407 effect. |
|
408 To reuse the connection, you'll need to remove the deadline or set a new… |
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409 You can do this by calling <code>conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})… |
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410 any existing deadline.</p> |
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411 </blockquote> |
|
412 <p>I had one last question that I kind already knew the answer:<… |
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413 <blockquote> |
|
414 <p>Do we need to defer the clearing?</p> |
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415 </blockquote> |
|
416 <p>And ChatGPT correctly returned:</p> |
|
417 <blockquote> |
|
418 <p>Whether you need to defer the clearing of the read deadline dep… |
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419 your code is structured. If you want to ensure that the read deadline is |
|
420 always cleared after a context cancellation, even if the code panics or … |
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421 early, then deferring the <code>conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})&… |
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422 idea.</p> |
|
423 </blockquote> |
|
424 <p>This whole interaction was one of the best ones I ever had in C… |
|
425 it gave me an actual functional code with good explanation on what was |
|
426 happening. But still, it didn't talked at all about the gotcha of settin… |
|
427 read deadline and reusing the underlying connection, needing another pro… |
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428 give me this information.</p> |
|
429 <p>Also, there is one issue in ChatGPT solution though: we are dis… |
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430 values of the buffer once the context is done by returning <code>n… |
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431 the number of bytes read. In this particular case this is what I wanted,… |
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432 this is a possible issue that ChatGPT didn't talk.</p> |
|
433 <p>For comparison, |
|
434 <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61637359/how-to-use-cont… |
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435 is the best that I got searching in both DuckDuckGo and Google, that is … |
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436 kind based my first solution on. I still not sure where ChatGPT could gi… |
|
437 such a good answer for this question, because I just couldn't find anyth… |
|
438 remotely similar during my searches.</p> |
|
439 <h2>The amazing</h2> |
|
440 <p><a href="https://chatgpt.com/share/0c9a148f-4cfd-4b4e-aa84-7… |
|
441 <blockquote> |
|
442 <p>I want to write an extension to <a href="https://github.com/… |
|
443 me to rewrite <code>[link](../2024-07-30/post.md)</code> to |
|
444 <code>[link](https://kokada.capivaras.dev/slug)</code></p… |
|
445 </blockquote> |
|
446 <p>Here is the generated code:</p> |
|
447 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
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448 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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449 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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450 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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451 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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452 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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453 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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454 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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455 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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456 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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457 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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458 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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459 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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460 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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461 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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462 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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463 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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464 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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465 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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466 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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467 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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468 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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469 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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470 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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471 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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472 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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473 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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474 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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475 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
476 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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477 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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478 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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479 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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480 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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481 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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482 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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483 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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484 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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485 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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486 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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487 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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488 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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489 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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490 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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491 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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492 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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493 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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494 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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495 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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496 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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497 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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498 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
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499 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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500 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
501 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
502 </span></span></code></pre><pre class="chroma… |
|
503 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
504 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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505 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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506 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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507 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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508 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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509 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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510 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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511 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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512 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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513 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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514 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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515 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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516 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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517 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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518 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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519 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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520 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
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521 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
522 </span></span></code></pre><p>This one wil… |
|
523 the Markdown renderer that <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/making-a-… |
|
524 blog</a>, does not |
|
525 have good examples or documentation (at least I didn't found neither).&l… |
|
526 <p>So I was not really hopeful I would get any answers in ChatGPT,… |
|
527 put me in the correct path, the code was almost correct. It did had some… |
|
528 and missing imports, and there were some compilation errors that were ea… |
|
529 fixed. And when it registered the extension, it also added a |
|
530 <code>html.WithHardWraps()</code> renderer for no reason at … |
|
531 <p>But this is one of the experiences in LLM that most impressed m… |
|
532 at all on how to solve this problem, and ChatGPT basically gave me the |
|
533 solution. A <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/3a2ea5… |
|
534 code</a> |
|
535 from this chat is still used to power this blog to this day, that also |
|
536 demonstrates that the code is not garbage (since now I understand what i… |
|
537 and I can even extend it).</p> |
|
538 <p>I am still not sure how the license situation of this code is t… |
|
539 licenses even make sense in AI generated code?</p> |
|
540 <h2>The bad</h2> |
|
541 <p><a href="https://chatgpt.com/share/95fcd777-b03c-4cfe-8d1d-1… |
|
542 <blockquote> |
|
543 <p>I want to configure VM options inside IntelliJ by project</p… |
|
544 </blockquote> |
|
545 <blockquote> |
|
546 <p>My project uses sbt, and I want to set this in a way that I can… |
|
547 colleagues</p> |
|
548 </blockquote> |
|
549 <blockquote> |
|
550 <p>I am using a build.sbt file, but IntelliJ is not loading it's J… |
|
551 I need to set this up manually. I want to automate this</p> |
|
552 </blockquote> |
|
553 <p>This is an example of my most common interaction with ChatGPT: … |
|
554 gives some options that could work, but not in my specific case. So I st… |
|
555 ask for more information until it eventually starts to |
|
556 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination_(artificial_inte… |
|
557 <p>In this particular case, the hallucination was in:</p> |
|
558 <blockquote> |
|
559 <p>The sbt-idea-plugin can generate IntelliJ IDEA project files ba… |
|
560 SBT configuration, including JVM options. This allows you to ensure that |
|
561 IntelliJ loads the correct settings from the SBT configuration.</p> |
|
562 <p>Steps:</p> |
|
563 <ol> |
|
564 <li>Add the <code>sbt-idea-plugin</code> to your <c… |
|
565 </ol> |
|
566 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
567 </span></span></code></pre><ol start="2"> |
|
568 <li>Run the following command in your terminal to regenerate Intel… |
|
569 project files:</li> |
|
570 </ol> |
|
571 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
572 </span></span></span></code></pre></blo… |
|
573 <p>Yes, there is a |
|
574 <a href="https://github.com/JetBrains/sbt-idea-plugin"><code>… |
|
575 doesn't generate project files based in my SBT configuration. It is not … |
|
576 from the repository that it is supposed to be pointing too.</p> |
|
577 <p>I will just not say that this interaction was a waste of time b… |
|
578 the other ideas can be applied, but this was the kind of case where I en… |
|
579 just being disappointed because the thing that seemed to be a possible s… |
|
580 for my problem ended up not existing at all.</p> |
|
581 <h2>The ugly</h2> |
|
582 <p>There are lots of examples where ChatGPT just plain disappointe… |
|
583 few:</p> |
|
584 <blockquote> |
|
585 <p>What is the language that is a fork of Go that has extra featur… |
|
586 </blockquote> |
|
587 <p><a href="https://chatgpt.com/share/2b854bbd-d376-4049-97fe-b… |
|
588 <p>This is one of those cases where I saw something once and was t… |
|
589 remember. ChatGPT just gave me lots of answers that were not a fork of Go |
|
590 (<a href="https://vlang.io/">V</a>, <a href="https://gith… |
|
591 <a href="https://www.ponylang.io">Pony</a>), hallucinated a … |
|
592 and said that <a href="https://ziglang.org/">Zig</a> is focu… |
|
593 <p>By the way, I eventually remember what the language was: |
|
594 <a href="https://goplus.org/">Go+</a>. To be fair with ChatG… |
|
595 Go+ had map (as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(highe… |
|
596 function</a>, not a |
|
597 hashmap that both Go and Go+ have). But still, Go+ explicit announces th… |
|
598 is a language for STEM everywhere in their website, and even them ChatGPT |
|
599 couldn't answer.</p> |
|
600 <blockquote> |
|
601 <p>In IntelliJ, I need to pass some VM options to the run configur… |
|
602 application to run tests, e.g.:</p> |
|
603 <pre><code>--add-exports=java.base/sun.security.x509=ALL-UNN… |
|
604 --add-opens=java.base/sun.security.ssl=ALL-UNNAMED |
|
605 -Dconfig.resource=api.test.conf |
|
606 </code></pre> |
|
607 <p>However, the <code>api.test.conf</code> may be <… |
|
608 depending on the subproject I am running inside Idea. Can I parametrize … |
|
609 in some way?</p> |
|
610 </blockquote> |
|
611 <p><a href="https://chatgpt.com/share/aa9bd051-65de-49d9-8d56-0… |
|
612 <p>So quick answer: you can't. IntelliJ macros are not powerful en… |
|
613 ChatGPT itself said so when I asked about the IntelliJ macros |
|
614 <a href="https://chatgpt.com/share/7a057bf5-bcec-458b-9432-98e3f551ad… |
|
615 <p>But in this particular case, ChatGPT happily said &quot;yes… |
|
616 options in IntelliJ IDEA to make them more flexible depending on the sub… |
|
617 or other context&quot;. Thanks for wasting my time, I guess.</p&g… |
|
618 <h2>Conclusion</h2> |
|
619 <p>I do think that LLMs, in particular ChatGPT since this is the o… |
|
620 experience with, are improving. But still, if there is anything that I |
|
621 concluded after putting all those experiences in a post is that you stil… |
|
622 someone that knows at least as much about whatever you're asking ChatGPT… |
|
623 actually validate the answer.</p> |
|
624 <p>Not only because LLMs hallucinates a lot, but also because even… |
|
625 example the LLM needed extra input to figure out about the possible draw… |
|
626 the solution. The only case where I felt that ChatGPT outsmarted me was … |
|
627 &quot;amazing&quot; case, but this was literally the only exampl… |
|
628 all my chat history with ChatGPT that was like this.</p> |
|
629 <p>So yes, at least for now I still don't think AI will be our ove… |
|
630 someday.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Making a blog for the … |
|
631 more about it than some of my other projects. For some reason or another… |
|
632 to make sure that this blog will continue with me for a long time. This … |
|
633 of the reasons why I use <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/using-githu… |
|
634 blog</a> and why I |
|
635 created a <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/quick-bits-why-you-should-… |
|
636 automation</a> |
|
637 to make sure I never forget how to maintain this blog.</p> |
|
638 <p>Still, there are a bunch of dependencies that I need to make su… |
|
639 working so I can publish blog posts:</p> |
|
640 <ul> |
|
641 <li>Markdown</li> |
|
642 <li>A text editor</li> |
|
643 <li>Hosting and blog platform</li> |
|
644 <li>Shell script and |
|
645 <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/abusing-makefiles-for-fun-and-profit… |
|
646 <li>Go toolchain and modules</li> |
|
647 </ul> |
|
648 <p>Let's start with the most important one: the texts themselves, … |
|
649 written in <a href="https://www.markdownguide.org/">Markdown</a… |
|
650 Markdown is that it is just plain text files with some special notation … |
|
651 allow you to format text, but the text itself is still legible even if y… |
|
652 no support to render Markdowns. So it means as long as I can read a plai… |
|
653 file, I can still read the posts, no issue there. Closely related issue … |
|
654 the text editor, but the nice thing about Markdown is that if tomorrow I… |
|
655 to change from <code>neovim</code> to, say, <a href="http… |
|
656 Markdown files without issue. I also use a standardised Markdown impleme… |
|
657 called <a href="https://commonmark.org/">CommonMark</a>, tha… |
|
658 of the original Markdown spec.</p> |
|
659 <p>The next point is the host (<a href="capivaras.dev">capiv… |
|
660 platform (<a href="https://github.com/mataroa-blog/mataroa">Mataro… |
|
661 things about Mataroa is that it avoids platform lock-in by having multip… |
|
662 to <a href="https://mataroa.blog/export/">export your posts</a&… |
|
663 to <a href="https://gohugo.io/">Hugo</a>, for example, and s… |
|
664 Pages</a>.</p> |
|
665 <p>This is especially nice consider how small <a href="capivara… |
|
666 so it is good to know that if I eventually have issues I could move to |
|
667 somewhere else. I also have an e-mail backup every month with all posts … |
|
668 (another <a href="https://hey.mataroa.blog/blog/monthly-auto-exports-… |
|
669 feature</a>), and |
|
670 of course I have a <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog">… |
|
671 acts as a <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/using-github-as-a-bad-blog… |
|
672 blog</a>. So I would |
|
673 say the chance of losing access to the content is slim.</p> |
|
674 <p>One other issue is the URL of the posts that are indexed in man… |
|
675 places, like <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/">Hacker News&l… |
|
676 <a href="https://lobste.rs/">Lobte.rs</a>, etc. This is why … |
|
677 bullet and purchase a proper domain, and this website should now be avai… |
|
678 in <a href="kokada.dev">kokada.dev</a>. This means that in m… |
|
679 <a href="capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a>, I can just point … |
|
680 domain if needed (it is not as easy since I also need to preserve the po… |
|
681 URLs, but shouldn't be difficult to fix this if I ever need to do so).&l… |
|
682 <p>Now for the tools that I use to publish from the original Markd… |
|
683 everything else. Let's start with shell script(s) and Makefile: I decide… |
|
684 they're less of an issue if they eventually stop working: they're only u… |
|
685 make my life easier, but I can still publish files manually if needed. S… |
|
686 tried to rewrite both the |
|
687 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/commit/a0d421ca90f3da05… |
|
688 and |
|
689 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/commit/074580065b21fbda… |
|
690 to avoid GNUisms, so in the eventual case that I decide to e.g.: stop us… |
|
691 GNU/Linux system like NixOS and use a *BSD system instead, I am covered.… |
|
692 <p>In other projects I would probably add a <code>shell.nix&… |
|
693 versions of the tools that I am using, but I am trying to avoid Nix while |
|
694 building this blog as much as I can, mainly because it is not available |
|
695 everywhere (e.g.: *BSD systems).</p> |
|
696 <p>Go is the more important part: the tooling used to <a href="… |
|
697 written in |
|
698 Go</a>. Go |
|
699 is a good language when you want to ensure that things will work for a l… |
|
700 time because of its <a href="https://go.dev/blog/compat">backwards… |
|
701 guarantee</a>. Also I don't expect Google dropping Go |
|
702 development soon, but even if this happen (<a href="https://killedbyg… |
|
703 Google&quot;</a> is a thing after all), it is very likely |
|
704 some other group or company would adopt its development quickly, conside… |
|
705 <a href="https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/go/">how popular the la… |
|
706 <p>However, the <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/b… |
|
707 modules</a> that I depend |
|
708 are another story:</p> |
|
709 <ul> |
|
710 <li><a href="https://github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap/">el… |
|
711 ordered map implementation that I use until Go adds it in the <a href… |
|
712 library</a></li> |
|
713 <li><a href="https://github.com/gorilla/feeds">gorilla/feeds… |
|
714 <li><a href="https://github.com/gosimple/slug">gosimple/slug… |
|
715 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Slug">s… |
|
716 library</li> |
|
717 <li><a href="https://github.com/yuin/goldmark">yuin/goldmark… |
|
718 renderer</li> |
|
719 <li><a href="https://github.com/teekennedy/goldmark-markdown"&g… |
|
720 a renderer for Goldmark to render back to Markdown (since Goldmark itself |
|
721 doesn't have this capacity)</li> |
|
722 </ul> |
|
723 <p>In common for all those modules are that they're clearly small … |
|
724 maintained mostly by one developer. They're all very good, don't get me … |
|
725 but they're still an reliability issue in the future. There is no guaran… |
|
726 those repositories will not be deleted tomorrow, for example.</p> |
|
727 <p>Yes, <a href="https://proxy.golang.org/">Go Proxy</a&g… |
|
728 reading its page is that while it caches modules contents, this is not |
|
729 guarantee:</p> |
|
730 <blockquote> |
|
731 <p>proxy.golang.org does not save all modules forever. There are a… |
|
732 reasons for this, but one reason is if proxy.golang.org is not able to d… |
|
733 a suitable license. In this case, only a temporarily cached copy of the |
|
734 module will be made available, and may become unavailable if it is remov… |
|
735 from the original source and becomes outdated. The checksums will still |
|
736 remain in the checksum database regardless of whether or not they have b… |
|
737 unavailable in the mirror.</p> |
|
738 </blockquote> |
|
739 <p>This is why this is the first project that made sense to me to … |
|
740 code of all modules inside the |
|
741 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/tree/0b97630d6b30551ffe… |
|
742 directory in the repository, avoiding the risks I commented above. This … |
|
743 me to ensure that this blog will still be publishable in the future, as … |
|
744 I have a working Go toolchain (and Go toolchain makes this |
|
745 <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/quick-bits-go-automatically-download… |
|
746 <p>There are a few other things that can bitrot this blog, for exa… |
|
747 nowhere. I always try to use |
|
748 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permalink">permalinks</a… |
|
749 the only actual way to ensure those links would work in the future would… |
|
750 point them to <a href="https://archive.org/">archive.org</a>… |
|
751 exist forever). Maybe something to fix in the future, hope not in the far |
|
752 future, before things start to break.</p></summary></entry><entry>… |
|
753 end up with a <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/"&… |
|
754 with many things that are interesting for one reason or another, but it … |
|
755 listed anywhere (well, except if you are the kind of person that reads &… |
|
756 <p>So kind in the same spirit as my <a href="https://kokada.dev… |
|
757 Go</a>, here is |
|
758 a list of modules that I find neat in NixOS and are not default already.… |
|
759 the list is unordered since this makes it easier to update in the future… |
|
760 find something else, but also I don't want to think too hard about an or… |
|
761 here.</p> |
|
762 <p>With all above, let's start.</p> |
|
763 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/6afb255d976f… |
|
764 <p><a href="https://www.nftables.org/">nftables</a> is… |
|
765 <blockquote> |
|
766 <p>nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering… |
|
767 classification of network packets/datagrams/frames.</p> |
|
768 </blockquote> |
|
769 <p>It is basically a replacement of the venerable |
|
770 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iptables">iptables</a>… |
|
771 default program to configure the famous <code>networking.firewall&… |
|
772 <a href="https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Firewall">Firewall</a> … |
|
773 <p>To enable, it is simple, just add to your configuration:</p&… |
|
774 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
775 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
776 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
777 </span></span></code></pre><p>And thanks t… |
|
778 still work as expect: any service that you set <code>openFirewall … |
|
779 have its ports open, if you set <code>networking.firewall.allowPin… |
|
780 still disable pings like before, etc.</p> |
|
781 <p>If you look at the documentation of the above option, you will … |
|
782 following warning:</p> |
|
783 <blockquote> |
|
784 <p>Note that if you have Docker enabled you will not be able to us… |
|
785 without intervention. Docker uses iptables internally to setup NAT for |
|
786 containers. This module disables the ip_tables kernel module, however Do… |
|
787 automatically loads the module. Please see |
|
788 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/24318#issuecomment-2… |
|
789 more information.</p> |
|
790 </blockquote> |
|
791 <p>I don't use Docker (switched to Podman instead for quite a long… |
|
792 don't know how bad the situation is. Also keep in mind that <code>… |
|
793 offer <code>iptables-compat</code> for compatibility with ol… |
|
794 most likely Docker doing something weird here.</p> |
|
795 <p>Now, the actual advantage from the user here is not clear: the … |
|
796 from my point of view (and the reason I used to use in other distros lik… |
|
797 is the improved syntax, however if you are using the declarative NixOS's |
|
798 Firewall you are not interacting with either <code>iptables</co… |
|
799 anyway. <code>nftables</code> is supposed to be more efficie… |
|
800 will care about this.</p> |
|
801 <p>However if you are the kind of person that needs custom rules, … |
|
802 <code>nftables</code> does bring a few benefits, including |
|
803 <code>networking.nftables.checkRuleset</code> (enabled by de… |
|
804 ruleset has syntax errors during build time. Really valuable to avoid is… |
|
805 only after switch.</p> |
|
806 <p>Anyway, this is one of those options that I think it should be … |
|
807 a long time, since most of the new development in NixOS firewall seems t… |
|
808 focusing <code>nftables</code> for a while.</p> |
|
809 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/877d19523edc… |
|
810 <p><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/308801">Th… |
|
811 today, but it has been available for a while (~2 months if you're using |
|
812 <code>nixos-unstable</code>). Finally someone is rewriting |
|
813 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/b1eff03c35aa7c90ab3a4d… |
|
814 the Perl script that is called everytime you run <code>nixos-rebui… |
|
815 <p>Now, I am not one of those &quot;rewrite in Rust&quot; … |
|
816 definitely worth it: <code>switch-to-configuration.pl</code>… |
|
817 code in NixOS that most people avoid touching at the fear of breaking |
|
818 something. There is a reason why |
|
819 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/eeb2588a59c938042b74… |
|
820 is as convoluted as it is, because even if it is a messy shell script, m… |
|
821 people preferred to workaround issues from the <code>switch-to-con… |
|
822 inside it than trying to understand the mess that <code>switch-to-… |
|
823 is.</p> |
|
824 <p>Trying this one is easy:</p> |
|
825 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
826 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
827 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
828 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
829 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
830 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
831 </span></span></code></pre><p>Yes, you nee… |
|
832 is <code>true</code>.</p> |
|
833 <p>By the way, what is the reason you would want to set <code&g… |
|
834 and updated by e.g.: image upgrades instead of modifying root.</p> |
|
835 <p>Enabling <code>switch-to-configuration-ng</code> ri… |
|
836 but one of the advantages that I saw is that system switches are (slight… |
|
837 faster:</p> |
|
838 <pre><code>$ hyperfine &quot;sudo nixos-rebuild switch&a… |
|
839 Benchmark 1: sudo nixos-rebuild switch |
|
840 Time (mean ± σ): 3.576 s ± 0.035 s [User: 0.004 s, System:… |
|
841 Range (min … max): 3.522 s … 3.645 s 10 runs |
|
842 </code><p><code>$ hyperfine &quot;sudo nixos-rebui… |
|
843 Benchmark 1: sudo nixos-rebuild switch |
|
844 Time (mean ± σ): 3.394 s ± 0.080 s [User: 0.004 s, System: 0… |
|
845 Range (min … max): 3.325 s … 3.608 s 10 runs |
|
846 </code></p></pre><p></p> |
|
847 <p>But yes, the difference is not enough to make a significant imp… |
|
848 not the objective anyway. The real reason for the rewrite is to make it … |
|
849 to collaborate. I hope one day we also have someone brave enough to rewr… |
|
850 <code>nixos-rebuild</code> script in something saner.</p&… |
|
851 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/cce9aef6fd8f… |
|
852 <p>A quick recap on how a modern Linux distro generally boots: the… |
|
853 that the bootloader (say <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/"… |
|
854 <a href="https://systemd.io/BOOT/">systemd-boot</a>) loads i… |
|
855 ramdisk</em>), a small image that runs from RAM and includes the L… |
|
856 some utilities that are responsible for setting up the main system. For |
|
857 example, one of the responsibilities of the <code>initrd</code&… |
|
858 start init system (<code>systemd</code>).</p> |
|
859 <p>It may surprising that this <code>initrd</code> ima… |
|
860 <code>systemd</code>. Traditionally <code>initrd</c… |
|
861 minimal runtime (e.g.: <a href="https://www.busybox.net/">busybox&… |
|
862 can also do this job since a long time ago. It is just the role of the d… |
|
863 to integrate <code>systemd</code> inside the <code>ini… |
|
864 <p>This is what <code>boot.initrd.systemd</code> does:… |
|
865 It make a few subtle changes:</p> |
|
866 <ul> |
|
867 <li>If you are using <a href="https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Full_… |
|
868 LUKS</a>, you will get a |
|
869 different password prompt at login</li> |
|
870 <li>You will get <code>initrd</code> time information … |
|
871 boot time |
|
872 <ul> |
|
873 <li>You can get even more information (bootloader) if you also use |
|
874 <code>systemd-boot</code></li> |
|
875 </ul> |
|
876 </li> |
|
877 <li>You will also get <code>systemd</code> style statu… |
|
878 only afterwards)</li> |
|
879 </ul> |
|
880 <p>But I think the main reason is that since <code>systemd&l… |
|
881 make boot more reliable, especially in challenging situations (like boot… |
|
882 from network). I can't say that I have any system like this to test if i… |
|
883 actually more reliable or not, but I don't remember having any issues si… |
|
884 set <code>boot.initrd.systemd.enable = true</code>, so there… |
|
885 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/b4a09f1f9d15… |
|
886 <p>If there is something in that list that has a good chance that … |
|
887 already, it is this one, especially if you're using |
|
888 <a href="https://wayland.freedesktop.org/">Wayland</a>. Stil… |
|
889 to include in this list since <a href="https://www.pipewire.org/">… |
|
890 <p>The experience with PipeWire until now for me was seamless: I n… |
|
891 issues with it, all my applications still work exactly as it always work… |
|
892 also didn't had any issues with |
|
893 <a href="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/">Pu… |
|
894 while, but I still remember when I first tried PulseAudio during the 0.x… |
|
895 Fedora and having tons of issues. So bonus points for PipeWire developer… |
|
896 polishing the experience of enough that most people will feel no differe… |
|
897 <p>To enable PipeWire, I would recommend:</p> |
|
898 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
899 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
900 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
901 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
902 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
903 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
904 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
905 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
906 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
907 </span></span></code></pre><p>This enables… |
|
908 compatibility with desktop applications (you can also enable |
|
909 <a href="https://jackaudio.org/"><code>jack</code><… |
|
910 It also enables <a href="https://github.com/heftig/rtkit"><code… |
|
911 to get (soft) realtime, helping avoiding cracks during high CPU load.<… |
|
912 <p>I also recommend taking a look at the <a href="https://wiki.… |
|
913 article</a>, that has multiple interesting |
|
914 configurations that can be added for low-latency setups or improved code… |
|
915 Bluetooth devices.</p> |
|
916 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/c9ec8289781a… |
|
917 <p>There is a good change that you're using |
|
918 <a href="https://www.networkmanager.dev/"><code>NetworkManag… |
|
919 especially for Wi-Fi. And if that is the case, I can't recommend enough |
|
920 changing the backend from the default <code>wpa_supplicant</cod… |
|
921 <a href="https://iwd.wiki.kernel.org/"><code>iwd</code>… |
|
922 <p>If you think that your Wi-Fi takes a long time to connect/re-co… |
|
923 because <code>wpa_supplicant</code>. <code>iwd</cod… |
|
924 since switching to it I never felt that my Wi-Fi was worse than other OS… |
|
925 generally slightly better than Windows, but keep in mind that this is a |
|
926 non-scientific comparison).</p> |
|
927 <p>Not saying that I never had Wi-Fi issues since switching to <… |
|
928 switching back to <code>wpa_supplicant</code> in those cases… |
|
929 the same or worse), so I assume either bad hardware or drivers in those … |
|
930 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d5badef1e041… |
|
931 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-22</em></p> |
|
932 <p>Most Linux distro nowadays mount <code>/tmp</code> … |
|
933 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tmpfs">tmpfs</a>, sto… |
|
934 making them actually temporary, e.g.: does not persist between reboots).… |
|
935 is a <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/499410/">long discussion<… |
|
936 sense or not, but it is a fact that using <code>/tmp</code> … |
|
937 generally makes sense.</p> |
|
938 <p>However, NixOS still stores <code>/tmp</code> insid… |
|
939 this is because Nix, by default, still builds everything in <code>… |
|
940 defaults to <code>/tmp</code> if not set). To fix the situat… |
|
941 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
942 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
943 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
944 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
945 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
946 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
947 </span></span></code></pre><p>This ensures… |
|
948 for large files.</p> |
|
949 <p>If you don't want to use <code>/tmp</code> inside t… |
|
950 least setting <code>boot.tmp.cleanOnBoot = true</code>. This… |
|
951 mistakenly writing a program that depends in <code>/tmp</code&g… |
|
952 this is the behavior that most other distros expects.</p> |
|
953 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/68142254d202… |
|
954 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-22</em></p> |
|
955 <p>Have a system with small amounts of RAM? <del>You can dow… |
|
956 just click this <a href="https://downloadmoreram.com/">link</a&… |
|
957 you can actually improve RAM usage by compressing it. This is what |
|
958 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zram"><code>zram</… |
|
959 device using part of your RAM that will be compressed.</p> |
|
960 <p>While this means that whatever is in the compressed part can't … |
|
961 (it needs to be decompressed first), it means you can store a lot more |
|
962 information. And since RAM is much faster than disk, this generally is a… |
|
963 trade-off. It is still recommended that you have some swap space though,… |
|
964 to swap pages that are unused.</p> |
|
965 <p>To enable it, you can do:</p> |
|
966 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
967 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
968 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
969 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
970 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
971 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
972 </span></span></code></pre><p>You can play… |
|
973 either <code>lz4</code> or <code>zstd</code>. It… |
|
974 fast, since you probably want to minimise CPU usage. Well, unless you ha… |
|
975 very good CPU and small amounts of RAM, them it may make sense to use an |
|
976 algorithm that compress better but uses more CPU.</p> |
|
977 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/5356420466c4… |
|
978 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-22</em></p> |
|
979 <p>Do you have a SSD? If so, you probably want to |
|
980 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trim_(computing)">trim</… |
|
981 good performance. This should be as easy as:</p> |
|
982 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
983 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
984 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
985 </span></span></code></pre><p>One caveat t… |
|
986 need to enable <code>boot.initrd.luks.devices.&lt;name&gt;… |
|
987 <code>fstrim</code> will not work. The reason that this is n… |
|
988 because there are some <a href="https://asalor.blogspot.com/2011/08/t… |
|
989 implications</a>. |
|
990 It shouldn't be an issue for most people, but if you are paranoid please… |
|
991 your risks first.</p> |
|
992 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/e83fc891118e… |
|
993 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-22</em></p> |
|
994 <p>This is one of my favorites. Do you want to have the power to r… |
|
995 other architectures like |
|
996 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture_family">AR… |
|
997 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC-V">RISC-V</a>? I… |
|
998 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
999 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1000 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1001 </span></span></code></pre><p>This will in… |
|
1002 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binfmt_misc"><code>bi… |
|
1003 automatically detect when a binary from another architecture is run, |
|
1004 running it with the QEMU emulator instead.</p> |
|
1005 <p>Now, keep in mind that you still need e.g.: libraries for the t… |
|
1006 architecture. However this is where the Nix magic comes in, you can easi… |
|
1007 compile something to another architecture as:</p> |
|
1008 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1009 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1010 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1011 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1012 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1013 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1014 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1015 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1016 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1017 architecture, everything works as expect.</p> |
|
1018 <p>You also need to temper your expectations: QEMU emulation is sl… |
|
1019 sufficient fast to build small programs, but if you need to build someth… |
|
1020 bigger, I would recommend you to do it via <a href="https://kokada.de… |
|
1021 instead</a>.</p> |
|
1022 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/d9cf6ea6f809… |
|
1023 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-22</em></p> |
|
1024 <p>Someone in |
|
1025 <a href="https://lobste.rs/s/ymmale/unordered_list_hidden_gems_inside… |
|
1026 remembered me of this gem: <a href="https://github.com/bus1/dbus-brok… |
|
1027 a high performance implementation of |
|
1028 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus">D-Bus</a>.<… |
|
1029 <p>For those who doesn't know, D-Bus is the <a href="https://en… |
|
1030 Communication</a> |
|
1031 protocol used mostly in Linux desktop. And distros like |
|
1032 <a href="https://archlinux.org/news/making-dbus-broker-our-default-d-… |
|
1033 and |
|
1034 <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DbusBrokerAsTheDefaul… |
|
1035 already use it to default, so there aren't lots of reason to not use it.… |
|
1036 <h2><a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/6afb255d976f… |
|
1037 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-23</em></p> |
|
1038 <p>Here is one that I have no experience but got curious after thi… |
|
1039 <a href="https://lobste.rs/s/ymmale/unordered_list_hidden_gems_inside… |
|
1040 <blockquote> |
|
1041 <p>One more option to add is maybe <code>services.irqbalance… |
|
1042 laptop it’s a life savior: no more freezes of the DE or video playback… |
|
1043 heavy operations like e.g. compilation.</p> |
|
1044 </blockquote> |
|
1045 <p>Never tried it before but will give a try!</p></summary><… |
|
1046 that you write for yourself. This blog post is the latter kind. What I a… |
|
1047 to talk here is probably something most people know, but I didn't, and t… |
|
1048 documentation is all scattered in the internet. So I am writing mostly to |
|
1049 remember myself, in future, if I have the same kind of issue what I need… |
|
1050 <p>The context: <a href="https://mataroa.blog/">Mataroa</… |
|
1051 <a href="https://capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a> is hosted … |
|
1052 <a href="https://python-markdown.github.io/">python-markdown</a… |
|
1053 <a href="https://commonmark.org/">CommonMark</a> specificati… |
|
1054 incompatibilities. One of those incompatibilities with CommonMark is the… |
|
1055 sub lists are handled. From the documentation:</p> |
|
1056 <blockquote> |
|
1057 <p>The syntax rules clearly state that when a list item consists o… |
|
1058 paragraphs, “each subsequent paragraph in a list item must be indented… |
|
1059 either 4 spaces or one tab” (emphasis added). However, many implementa… |
|
1060 do not enforce this rule and allow less than 4 spaces of indentation. The |
|
1061 implementers of Python-Markdown consider it a bug to not enforce this ru… |
|
1062 </blockquote> |
|
1063 <p>CommonMark <a href="https://spec.commonmark.org/0.31.2/#list… |
|
1064 restrictions</a>, allowing a sublist to |
|
1065 be defined with just 2 spaces of indentation.</p> |
|
1066 <p>So I have automated all posts from this blog <a href="https:… |
|
1067 Go</a> and |
|
1068 a CommonMark renderer called <a href="https://github.com/yuin/goldmar… |
|
1069 them re-render the Markdown to Mataroa using a <a href="https://githu… |
|
1070 renderer</a> before publising to |
|
1071 <a href="https://capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a>, because t… |
|
1072 transformations in the original Markdown. It mostly works fine except fo… |
|
1073 lists, thanks to the fact that the Markdown renderer I am using renders … |
|
1074 lists with 2 spaces.</p> |
|
1075 <p>The only reason sub lists are working right now is because |
|
1076 <a href="https://gluer.org/">@ratsclub</a> fixed this issue … |
|
1077 <a href="https://capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a> runs. But … |
|
1078 the official instance if I ever need to migrate.</p> |
|
1079 <p>The solution? Let's fix this in a |
|
1080 <a href="https://github.com/teekennedy/goldmark-markdown/pull/21">… |
|
1081 I have code to fix the issue, how can I use it without waiting upstream … |
|
1082 merge my code?</p> |
|
1083 <p>If you are using Go modules it is easy, you just need to use th… |
|
1084 directive</a>:</p> |
|
1085 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1086 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1087 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1088 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1089 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1090 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1091 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1092 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1093 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1094 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1095 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1096 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1097 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1098 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1099 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1100 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1101 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1102 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1103 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1104 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1105 </span></span></code></pre><p>This will re… |
|
1106 fork in <code>github.com/thiagokokada/goldmark-markdown</code&g… |
|
1107 reproducibility of modules since Go automatically pins the commit.</p… |
|
1108 <p>Since the Go format for versions is quite unique, you can just … |
|
1109 desired branch (e.g.: instead of <code>v0.0.0-20240820111219-f3077… |
|
1110 use <code>add-sublist-length-opt</code> that is the branch n… |
|
1111 fix the format.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Quick bits: Go … |
|
1112 <a href="https://github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap/">elliotchance… |
|
1113 choice of ordered maps (since Go <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/an-… |
|
1114 one</a> in |
|
1115 standard library yet). I recently did a |
|
1116 <a href="https://github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap/pull/41">PR<… |
|
1117 iterators, because I find them neat, however I was avoiding to use it in… |
|
1118 code that generates this <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blo… |
|
1119 1.23 was just released and is still not the default Go in |
|
1120 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs">nixpkgs</a>.</… |
|
1121 <p>I decided that I would create a |
|
1122 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/pull/2">branch</a… |
|
1123 months, until I decided to try to run the code locally and got this:<… |
|
1124 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1125 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1126 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1127 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1128 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1129 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1130 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1131 page</a>:</p> |
|
1132 <blockquote> |
|
1133 <p>Starting in Go 1.21, the Go distribution consists of a go comma… |
|
1134 bundled Go toolchain, which is the standard library as well as the compi… |
|
1135 assembler, and other tools. The go command can use its bundled Go toolch… |
|
1136 as well as other versions that it finds in the local PATH or downloads as |
|
1137 needed.</p> |
|
1138 </blockquote> |
|
1139 <p>There are a bunch of rules here that I am not going to enter in… |
|
1140 recommend you to read the official documentation), but a quick summary:&… |
|
1141 <ul> |
|
1142 <li> |
|
1143 <p>Go will download a toolchain when either <code>go</cod… |
|
1144 is set to a Go version higher than your current <code>go</code&… |
|
1145 <ul> |
|
1146 <li>But only if your <code>go</code> binary is at leas… |
|
1147 version that introduces this behavior</li> |
|
1148 </ul> |
|
1149 </li> |
|
1150 <li> |
|
1151 <p>You can force a specific toolchain with <code>GOTOOLCHAIN… |
|
1152 e.g.: <code>GOTOOLCHAIN=1.23</code></p> |
|
1153 <ul> |
|
1154 <li>The default value for <code>GOTOOLCHAIN</code> is … |
|
1155 behavior described in this post</li> |
|
1156 <li>You can also set to <code>local</code> to always u… |
|
1157 previous behaviour pre-1.21 Go</li> |
|
1158 <li>There is also <code>&lt;name&gt;+auto</code&g… |
|
1159 docs</li> |
|
1160 </ul> |
|
1161 </li> |
|
1162 <li> |
|
1163 <p>The downloaded toolchains go to whatever your <code>GOPAT… |
|
1164 <code>golang.org/toolchain</code> module, and version <co… |
|
1165 example:</p> |
|
1166 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1167 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1168 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1169 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1170 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1171 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1172 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1173 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1174 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1175 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1176 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1177 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1178 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1179 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1180 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1181 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1182 </span></span></span></code></pre></li&… |
|
1183 </ul> |
|
1184 <p>By the way, this only works well because Go toolchain binaries … |
|
1185 <p>While I don't like a program downloading random binaries from t… |
|
1186 like what Go is doing here. It makes the whole bootstrapping process for… |
|
1187 project much easier: as long as you have a reasonable up-to-date <cod… |
|
1188 your <code>PATH</code>, you should be ready to go (pun inten… |
|
1189 already reasonable secure, ensuring that each module have a proper check… |
|
1190 long as nobody else can publish modules in <code>golang.org/toolch… |
|
1191 can't see much of a security issue here, but I am not a security expert.… |
|
1192 <p>But if you don't like this behavior, you can always disable it … |
|
1193 <code>GOTOOLCHAIN=local</code>. And just do not forget to se… |
|
1194 <a href="https://brandur.org/fragments/go-version-matrix">CI</a… |
|
1195 about Go versions.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>An unordered… |
|
1196 language</a>, and has some |
|
1197 good qualities that makes up for its flaws. However, this doesn't mean I… |
|
1198 the language couldn't be better, far from it.</p> |
|
1199 <p>This blog post is a list of things that I miss from Go from oth… |
|
1200 Some of the things here could probably be implemented soon, some other w… |
|
1201 probably need a major revision of the language. The list is unordered, b… |
|
1202 this makes it easier for me to update in the future if I found something… |
|
1203 but also because I don't want to think too hard about giving each point … |
|
1204 rank.</p> |
|
1205 <p>With all above, let's start.</p> |
|
1206 <h2>Ordered maps in standard library</h2> |
|
1207 <p>When I first learned about |
|
1208 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#typesmapping… |
|
1209 Python it quickly became one of my favorite data structures ever. They're |
|
1210 extremely versatile, and most modern programming languages have something |
|
1211 similar in its standard library. Go isn't different, it has |
|
1212 <a href="https://go.dev/blog/maps"><code>map</code><… |
|
1213 table</a>. However <code>map</code> in Go are |
|
1214 quirky, for example:</p> |
|
1215 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1216 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1217 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1218 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1219 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1220 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1221 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1222 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1223 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1224 </span></span></code></pre><pre class="chroma… |
|
1225 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1226 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1227 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1228 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1229 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1230 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1231 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1232 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1233 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1234 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1235 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1236 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1237 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1238 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1239 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1240 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1241 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1242 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1243 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1244 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1245 elements, but Go actually <a href="https://victoriametrics.com/blog/g… |
|
1246 instance</a>:</p> |
|
1247 <blockquote> |
|
1248 <p>But here’s the deal, while the hash function used for maps in… |
|
1249 consistent across all maps with <strong>the same key type</stro… |
|
1250 that hash function is different for each map instance. So, when you crea… |
|
1251 new map, Go generates a random seed just for that map.</p> |
|
1252 </blockquote> |
|
1253 <p>While I understand the reason for this (i.e.: to avoid develope… |
|
1254 specific iteration order), I still find it weird, and I think this is so… |
|
1255 unique for Go. This decision means that even if you don't care about a s… |
|
1256 order, you will still need to sort the map before doing something else i… |
|
1257 want reproducibility, something that I care a lot.</p> |
|
1258 <p>The fix for this? Go could offer an ordered map implementation … |
|
1259 standard library. An ordered map ensure that the iteration order of the … |
|
1260 the same as the insertion order (that is, by the way, a powerful propert… |
|
1261 allow maps to be used in other contexts, not just my pet peeve above).&l… |
|
1262 <p>Python actually does this for any dictionaries since <a href… |
|
1263 3.6</a>, but it offered an |
|
1264 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collectio… |
|
1265 before it (and <code>OrderedDict</code> still has some metho… |
|
1266 that maybe useful in specific cases).</p> |
|
1267 <p>Before generics it would be impossible to have a type-safe API … |
|
1268 structure without introducing a new data type in the language (like <… |
|
1269 but now Go has generics so it is not an issue anymore. The other issue i… |
|
1270 you would be forced to iterate manually in this new data structure, but … |
|
1271 to the new <a href="https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.23#language">&l… |
|
1272 Go 1.23, it means we can iterate in an ordered map as a library almost e… |
|
1273 like we can do as a <code>map</code>:</p> |
|
1274 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1275 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1276 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1277 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1278 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1279 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1280 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1281 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1282 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1283 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1284 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1285 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1286 </span></span></code></pre><p>Now, of cour… |
|
1287 with third party implementations, e.g.: I am using this |
|
1288 <a href="https://github.com/elliotchance/orderedmap">one</a>… |
|
1289 being in standard library reduces the friction: if there was some |
|
1290 implementation in standard library, I would generally prefer it unless I… |
|
1291 some specific needs. However when the standard library doesn't offer wha… |
|
1292 need, I need to find it myself a suitable library, and this ends up taki… |
|
1293 since generally there are lots of alternatives.</p> |
|
1294 <h2>Keyword and default arguments for functions</h2> |
|
1295 <p>Something that comes straight from Python that I miss sometimes… |
|
1296 you can do things like this when declaring a function:</p> |
|
1297 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1298 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1299 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1300 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1301 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1302 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1303 </span></span></code></pre><pre class="chroma… |
|
1304 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1305 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1306 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1307 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1308 for Go standard library, for example, <code>string.Replace</cod… |
|
1309 <blockquote> |
|
1310 <p><code>func Replace(s, old, new string, n int) string</… |
|
1311 <p>Replace returns a copy of the string s with the first n non-ove… |
|
1312 instances of old replaced by new. If old is empty, it matches at the |
|
1313 beginning of the string and after each UTF-8 sequence, yielding up to k+1 |
|
1314 replacements for a k-rune string. If n &lt; 0, there is no limit on … |
|
1315 of replacements.</p> |
|
1316 </blockquote> |
|
1317 <p>If Go had default arguments, <code>Replace</code> c… |
|
1318 <code>strings.ReplaceAll</code> (since this is basically wha… |
|
1319 <code>strings.Replace(s, old, new, -1)</code>).</p> |
|
1320 <h2>Nullability (or nillability)</h2> |
|
1321 <p>I talked I little about this in <a href="https://kokada.dev/… |
|
1322 Go</a>, but I want to |
|
1323 expand here.</p> |
|
1324 <p>First, I don't think the language needs to support the generic … |
|
1325 nullability, that would be either having proper Union or Sum types. Kotl… |
|
1326 AFAIK doesn't support neither, but my 2 years experience with Kotlin sho… |
|
1327 that just having nullable types already helped a lot in ensuring type sa… |
|
1328 <p>Second, I do feel that Go has less issues with <code>nil&… |
|
1329 because its decision of using zero values instead of <code>nil<… |
|
1330 for example, a string can never be <code>nil</code>, however… |
|
1331 means that this is fine:</p> |
|
1332 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1333 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1334 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1335 </span></span></code></pre><p>However:<… |
|
1336 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1337 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1338 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1339 </span></span></code></pre><p>Still, I get… |
|
1340 languages that offer nullables (heck, even Python with |
|
1341 <a href="https://www.mypy-lang.org/"><code>mypy</code>… |
|
1342 <p>Sadly this is the change in this post that is more likely to ne… |
|
1343 new revision of the language. |
|
1344 <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/49202">nillability<… |
|
1345 but it is really unlikely it can be done without breaking backwards |
|
1346 compatibility.</p> |
|
1347 <p>It could be done the Java way by adding a <code>nullable&… |
|
1348 library (<a href="https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=305">JSR305<… |
|
1349 <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2289694/what-is-the-stat… |
|
1350 dead</a> |
|
1351 by many shows how difficult it is to do something like this without a ma… |
|
1352 change in the language. Dart is the only language that I know that <a… |
|
1353 successfully</a>, but |
|
1354 definitely it was not without its pains. And the fact that most people t… |
|
1355 program in Dart probably does because of Flutter (that eventually requir… |
|
1356 newer versions with null-safety) is not a good sign.</p> |
|
1357 <h2>Lambdas</h2> |
|
1358 <p><em>Added in 2024-08-18</em></p> |
|
1359 <p>Go is a surprising good language for some functional code, than… |
|
1360 first class functions and closures. Sadly the syntax doesn't help, since… |
|
1361 only way you can use anonymous functions in Go is using <code>func… |
|
1362 the types are complex, this can result in some convoluted code. Take the |
|
1363 example from the <a href="https://go.dev/wiki/RangefuncExperiment">… |
|
1364 experiment</a>:</p> |
|
1365 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1366 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1367 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1368 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1369 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1370 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1371 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1372 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1373 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1374 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1375 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1376 </span></span></code></pre><p>If Go had a … |
|
1377 could be simplified a lot:</p> |
|
1378 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1379 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1380 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1381 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1382 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1383 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1384 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1385 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1386 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1387 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1388 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1389 </span></span></code></pre><p>Or even some… |
|
1390 the types to be elided in an unnamed function:</p> |
|
1391 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1392 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1393 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1394 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1395 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1396 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1397 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1398 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1399 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1400 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1401 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1402 </span></span></code></pre><p>This feature… |
|
1403 future version of the language, since they didn't close the |
|
1404 <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/21498">issue</a>… |
|
1405 about the possibility of this feature is still ongoing.</p> |
|
1406 <h2>Error on unused return values</h2> |
|
1407 <p><em>Added in 2024-09-12</em></p> |
|
1408 <p>In a <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/my-coding-experience-w… |
|
1409 LLMs</a>, I talked about |
|
1410 this function that I asked ChatGPT to generate to create a socket that a… |
|
1411 a <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/context">context</a>:</p> |
|
1412 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1413 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1414 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1415 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1416 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1417 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1418 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1419 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1420 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1421 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1422 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1423 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1424 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1425 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1426 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1427 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1428 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1429 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1430 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1431 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1432 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1433 </span></span></code></pre><p>However whil… |
|
1434 post</a> about &quot;The Error |
|
1435 Model&quot;, I realised that this function is lacking error check du… |
|
1436 <code>conn.SetReadDeadline()</code> calls:</p> |
|
1437 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1438 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1439 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1440 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1441 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1442 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1443 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1444 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1445 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1446 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1447 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1448 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1449 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1450 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1451 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1452 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1453 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1454 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1455 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1456 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1457 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1458 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1459 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1460 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1461 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1462 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1463 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1464 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1465 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1466 </span></span></code></pre><p>I could blam… |
|
1467 happening even in a Pull Request done by an actual human.</p> |
|
1468 <p>Ignoring errors is bad, especially because once the error is ig… |
|
1469 gone, forever. You may have strange issues in the code that are impossib… |
|
1470 debug because you can't know about something that doesn't exist. This is… |
|
1471 the reasons I think exceptions are better, since this is the kind of err… |
|
1472 would be impossible to ignore if the language had exceptions, and the ex… |
|
1473 would eventually propagate in your stack until it is captured or you get… |
|
1474 crash (with a stack trace to debug the issue).</p> |
|
1475 <p>Now, I don't think this is a fault of using error as values ins… |
|
1476 exceptions. Go has the tools to encapsulate the errors and propagate them |
|
1477 properly, like it is shown in the fixed code. But the fact that someone … |
|
1478 this mistake without any warning or error from the compiler is bad.</… |
|
1479 <p>If Go had a warning or error for unused return values, this wou… |
|
1480 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1481 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1482 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1483 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1484 </span></span></code></pre><p>Now in this … |
|
1485 a good reason. I can ask during a Pull Request why the committer is igno… |
|
1486 it is lacking appropriate context, and maybe even ask for some comments … |
|
1487 added why this would be safe. What can't happen is this being ignored by |
|
1488 mistake.</p> |
|
1489 <p>I am not completely sure if I want this only for errors or for … |
|
1490 though. There are lots of cases where ignoring non-error values is ok, b… |
|
1491 also don't see the issue of having something like:</p> |
|
1492 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1493 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1494 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1495 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1496 </span></span></code></pre><p>If anything,… |
|
1497 only calling this function only for its side-effects.</p> |
|
1498 <p>By the way, yes, <a href="https://github.com/kisielk/errchec… |
|
1499 but if the language itself doesn't enforce this it means that there are … |
|
1500 libraries that are probably mistakenly ignoring errors. And if the libra… |
|
1501 ignoring errors by mistake, you can't do much when you actually have the… |
|
1502 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bb16119a4a7639ebbc91ad… |
|
1503 option does not receive a derivation like most other packages, but inste… |
|
1504 receives a function and returns an attribute set with all packages. Here… |
|
1505 documentation:</p> |
|
1506 <blockquote> |
|
1507 <p>This option allows you to override the Linux kernel used by Nix… |
|
1508 things like external kernel module packages are tied to the kernel you�… |
|
1509 using, it also overrides those. This option is a function that takes Nix… |
|
1510 as an argument (as a convenience), and returns an attribute set containi… |
|
1511 the very least an attribute kernel. Additional attributes may be needed |
|
1512 depending on your configuration. For instance, if you use the NVIDIA X |
|
1513 driver, then it also needs to contain an attribute <code>nvidia_x1… |
|
1514 </blockquote> |
|
1515 <p>The kernel package itself is referenced by the |
|
1516 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/bb16119a4a7639ebbc91ad… |
|
1517 derivation inside this attribute set:</p> |
|
1518 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1519 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1520 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1521 with the same kernel version you are booting.</p> |
|
1522 <p>However one less obvious consequence about this is that if you … |
|
1523 that come from <code>linuxPackages</code>, say for example |
|
1524 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-unstable/pkgs/os… |
|
1525 or |
|
1526 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/nixos-unstable/pkgs/os… |
|
1527 it is better to do:</p> |
|
1528 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1529 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1530 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1531 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1532 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1533 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1534 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1535 </span></span></code></pre><p>Instead of:&… |
|
1536 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1537 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1538 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1539 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1540 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1541 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1542 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1543 </span></span></code></pre><p>Now, I used … |
|
1544 those packages depends in a specific kernel version for a reason, so get… |
|
1545 them from <code>config.boot.kernelPackages</code> reduces th… |
|
1546 compatibility issue in the future.</p></summary></entry><entry><ti… |
|
1547 of the workflow in this blog is <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/quic… |
|
1548 Go</a>. I |
|
1549 basically write Markdown files with some special rules inside the |
|
1550 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog">repository</a>… |
|
1551 seconds, the CI (currently <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/b… |
|
1552 Actions</a>) |
|
1553 will take the latest commit, generate some files (since I use the <a … |
|
1554 itself</a> as a |
|
1555 backup blog) and publish to the <a href="https://kokada.capivaras.dev… |
|
1556 website</a>.</p> |
|
1557 <p>Now, considering how much about <a href="https://nixos.org/"… |
|
1558 it should be a surprise that the workflow above has <strong>zero&l… |
|
1559 it. I am not saying this blog will never have it, but I am only going to… |
|
1560 this is necessary, for example if I start using a tool to build this blo… |
|
1561 I generally don't expect it to be installed by the machine I am currently |
|
1562 using. Go is an exception of this rule since it is relatively straightfo… |
|
1563 install (just download the <a href="https://go.dev/doc/install">bi… |
|
1564 its <a href="https://go.dev/doc/go1compat">stability guarantee<… |
|
1565 breakage. But most other things I consider moving targets, and I wouldn'… |
|
1566 comfortable to use unless I have Nix to ensure reproducibility.</p> |
|
1567 <p>This is why the other tool that this blog (ab)uses during its w… |
|
1568 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)"><code&g… |
|
1569 build automation tool that exist. It is basically available in any *nix … |
|
1570 confuse with <a href="https://nixos.org/">Nix</a>) system, f… |
|
1571 macOS, by default. So it is the tool I choose to automatise some tasks i… |
|
1572 blog, even if I consider writing a <code>Makefile</code> (th… |
|
1573 that <code>Make</code> uses) kind of a lost, dark art.</p… |
|
1574 <p>To be clear, the idea of this post is not to be a <code>M… |
|
1575 explain some basic concepts, but if you want an actual tutorial a good o… |
|
1576 be found <a href="https://makefiletutorial.com/">here</a>. A… |
|
1577 thanks to the reasons above, you can use many other tools for a similar |
|
1578 objective, like <a href="https://github.com/casey/just">Justfiles&… |
|
1579 <a href="https://taskfile.dev/">Taskfiles</a> (sadly it uses |
|
1580 <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/generating-yaml-files-with-nix">Y… |
|
1581 small script written in any language you want. The reason that I am writ… |
|
1582 this post is why you should do it, not how.</p> |
|
1583 <p>A quick recap on how this blog works: inside the |
|
1584 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog">repository</a>… |
|
1585 Markdown post following the directory structure below |
|
1586 (<a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/tree/894a388c61ca3a38d… |
|
1587 for the current version of this blog):</p> |
|
1588 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1589 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1590 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1591 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1592 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1593 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1594 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1595 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1596 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1597 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1598 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1599 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1600 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1601 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1602 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1603 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1604 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1605 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1606 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1607 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1608 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1609 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1610 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1611 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1612 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1613 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1614 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1615 <code>YYYY-MM-DD/XX-title-slug.md</code> format. It <stro… |
|
1616 that will be automatically extract to be used as the post title, but oth… |
|
1617 there is no other formatting rules. It is a highly optionated structure,… |
|
1618 the nice thing about being optionated is that we can extract lots of |
|
1619 information just from how the files are organised in the filesystem.<… |
|
1620 <p>Most of the magic that converts those Markdown files to actual … |
|
1621 in the Go files that you can see above: <code>blog.go</code>… |
|
1622 in the repository and extracts the necessary information, <code>ma… |
|
1623 responsible for the <a href="https://capivaras.dev/">capivaras.dev… |
|
1624 uses <a href="https://mataroa.blog/">Mataroa</a> platform), … |
|
1625 responsible to do some transformations in the Markdown files before post… |
|
1626 <p>While I could manage everything by just using <code>go<… |
|
1627 commands, to make it easier to manager everything I have the following |
|
1628 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/527466a2a7c8baae53… |
|
1629 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1630 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1631 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1632 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1633 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1634 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1635 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1636 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1637 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1638 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1639 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1640 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1641 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1642 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1643 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1644 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1645 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1646 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1647 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1648 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1649 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1650 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1651 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1652 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1653 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1654 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1655 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1656 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1657 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1658 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1659 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1660 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1661 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1662 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1663 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1664 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1665 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1666 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1667 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1668 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1669 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1670 </span></span></code></pre><p>For those un… |
|
1671 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_(software)#Makefile">W… |
|
1672 <blockquote> |
|
1673 <p>Each rule begins with a <em>dependency line</em> wh… |
|
1674 name followed by a colon (:) and optionally a list of targets on which t… |
|
1675 rule's target depends, its prerequisites.</p> |
|
1676 </blockquote> |
|
1677 <p>So if we look for example at the <code>blog</code> … |
|
1678 <code>.go</code> files and Go module files like <code>… |
|
1679 <code>blog</code> binary by running:</p> |
|
1680 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1681 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1682 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1683 has a newer timestamp than the target file, and only trigger the build a… |
|
1684 there are changes, for example:</p> |
|
1685 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1686 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1687 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1688 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1689 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1690 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1691 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1692 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1693 target as <code>.PHONY</code>, that basically instructs <… |
|
1694 target. One classic example is <code>clean</code> target, th… |
|
1695 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1696 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1697 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1698 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1699 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1700 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1701 dependencies incorrectly, especially in languages that has fast build ti… |
|
1702 like e.g.: Go. The worst thing that can happen is something not being re… |
|
1703 when it needs to. So my recomendation if you are writing your first <… |
|
1704 is to just declare everything as <code>.PHONY</code>. You ca… |
|
1705 <p>One last basic concept that I want to explain about <code>… |
|
1706 target: it is the target that is run if you just run <code>make<… |
|
1707 inside the directory that contains a <code>Makefile</code>. … |
|
1708 generally the first target in the <code>Makefile</code>. It … |
|
1709 target (that is also marked as <code>.PHONY</code>) that has… |
|
1710 targets that you want to build by default. In this particular case I dec… |
|
1711 the <code>README.md</code> and <code>rss.xml</code&… |
|
1712 depends in <code>blog</code> binary being build. So once I r… |
|
1713 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1714 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1715 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1716 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1717 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1718 <code>Makefile</code> or something similar in your projects:… |
|
1719 the exactly steps that you need to get things working. If I see one proj… |
|
1720 mine having a <code>Makefile</code>, I can be reasonably con… |
|
1721 working by just running <code>make</code>.</p> |
|
1722 <p>But now let's focus in the other targets that I have in the <… |
|
1723 not related to the build process but are there to help me manage my blog… |
|
1724 Remember the rules I explained above? Maybe not, but it should be no pro… |
|
1725 because:</p> |
|
1726 <pre><code>$ make post TITLE=&quot;My new blog post&… |
|
1727 mkdir -p &quot;2024-08-13&quot; |
|
1728 ./.scripts/gen-post.sh &quot;2024-08-13&quot; &quot;My new b… |
|
1729 Creating file: 2024-08-13/02-my-new-blog-post.md |
|
1730 <p>$ cat 2024-08-13/02-my-new-blog-post.md</p> |
|
1731 <h1>My new blog post</h1> |
|
1732 </code><p><code></code></p></pre><… |
|
1733 <p>This command, <code>make post</code>, is responsibl… |
|
1734 <ol> |
|
1735 <li>Create a new directory for today, if it doesn't exist</li&g… |
|
1736 <li>Run the |
|
1737 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/6a3b06970729f7650e… |
|
1738 script, that: |
|
1739 <ol> |
|
1740 <li>Enumerates all posts from the day, so we can number the new po… |
|
1741 <ul> |
|
1742 <li>We already had this post planned for 2024-08-13, so the new po… |
|
1743 </ul> |
|
1744 </li> |
|
1745 <li>Slugify the title, so we can create each Markdown file with th… |
|
1746 filename</li> |
|
1747 <li>Creates a new Markdown file with the title as a <code>h1… |
|
1748 </ol> |
|
1749 </li> |
|
1750 </ol> |
|
1751 <p>The steps above may or may not seen trivial, and for a while I … |
|
1752 manually. But not having to think what is the current date or if I alrea… |
|
1753 posted that day or what is the slug is for the title make (pun intended)… |
|
1754 like much easier.</p> |
|
1755 <p>Yes, the code is ugly. The way variables works in <code>M… |
|
1756 declare then inside the <code>Makefile</code>, but they can … |
|
1757 if you pass them. I used this to allow <code>make post</code>… |
|
1758 posts:</p> |
|
1759 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1760 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1761 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1762 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1763 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1764 instead of default (that would be the current day), and <code>_PAR… |
|
1765 day we use to actually create the directory. We can actually pass any da… |
|
1766 format recognised by |
|
1767 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/Exam… |
|
1768 not just <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>.</p> |
|
1769 <p>I have 2 other phony targets that I want to talk, <code>d… |
|
1770 expect a <code>FILE</code> to be passed, and I use them to e… |
|
1771 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1772 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1773 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1774 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1775 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1776 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1777 ignored</a> |
|
1778 during my directory parser to mean they're a draft post and not ready to… |
|
1779 published. And the reason I created those targets is because I was tired… |
|
1780 trying to hide or unhide a file manually.</p> |
|
1781 <p>So that's it, for the same reason you <a href="https://kokad… |
|
1782 everything</a>, |
|
1783 you also need to have some way to automate your tasks. <code>Makef… |
|
1784 do it, maybe not the best way to do it, but it works and it is available |
|
1785 anywhere.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Things I don't like i… |
|
1786 post</a> talking why |
|
1787 my favorite device is a Chromebook. In this post I want to talk about wh… |
|
1788 makes me this device unhappy, and comment about things that if changed w… |
|
1789 make it a much better device.</p> |
|
1790 <p>But before talking about the negative aspects, let me talk abou… |
|
1791 aspect that I just briefly talked in the previous post: the screen. It i… |
|
1792 HiDPI screen (2000x1200 resolution in 10.95''), that is unexpected brigh… |
|
1793 nits according to the |
|
1794 <a href="https://www.lenovo.com/us/en/p/laptops/lenovo/lenovo-edu-chr… |
|
1795 It is difficult to find laptops at the same price with a screen that goo… |
|
1796 10.95'' in its default resolution I find it too small (like 1250x750), b… |
|
1797 find the font size acceptable at 115% scale (1087x652). Yes, it result i… |
|
1798 small workspace, but this is not a big issue for what I do in this devic… |
|
1799 is also only 60Hz, but I thought I would miss high refresh rate more tha… |
|
1800 actually miss in this device.</p> |
|
1801 <p>Update: I forgot to say one thing about the screen: it scratche… |
|
1802 got my screen scratched after the first day of usage, and considering th… |
|
1803 I don't think the screen has a hardened glass. I bought a cheap glass sc… |
|
1804 protector and this did the trick though, even hiding the previous scratc… |
|
1805 I have zero issues with the screen now.</p> |
|
1806 <p>Now the first aspect that I don't like: the speakers. They soun… |
|
1807 at maximum volume it is not really loud. The speakers is the only reason… |
|
1808 still keep my <a href="https://www.gsmarena.com/xiaomi_pad_5-11042.ph… |
|
1809 because I like to watch animes/videos before sleep and having good speak… |
|
1810 a must.</p> |
|
1811 <p>The keyboard has that issue that I mentioned in the previous po… |
|
1812 the key get stuck, and I get duplicated characters. But it also has some… |
|
1813 issues that I didn't talked about: the first one is the UK layout that h… |
|
1814 extra keys that I have no use for, but this also makes the keys that I u… |
|
1815 smaller. Very much a &quot;me&quot; problem, since if I had got … |
|
1816 have those issues, but an issue nonetheless that gets worse considering … |
|
1817 small the keyboard is. I am actually suprised how fast I can type consid… |
|
1818 how many issues this keyboard has, so maybe this is a testament that this |
|
1819 keyboard is not actually that bad.</p> |
|
1820 <p>The other keyboard issue is a problem that affects all Chromebo… |
|
1821 layout. Google replaced a few keys like Fn keys with shortcuts and repla… |
|
1822 Caps Lock with a |
|
1823 <a href="https://chromeunboxed.com/chromebook-launcher-now-everything… |
|
1824 key (that is similar to the Windows Key), while removing Windows Key fro… |
|
1825 place. I actually have less issue with this than I initially though: I d… |
|
1826 care too much about Fn keys (except when using IntelliJ, but that is som… |
|
1827 that I only use at <code>$CURRENT_JOB</code>), and ChromeOS … |
|
1828 its customisation, allowing you to swap key functionality. I remap Every… |
|
1829 key with Esc, and Esc for the Everything key, and I can get productive i… |
|
1830 <code>neovim</code> setup.</p> |
|
1831 <p>And finally, let me talk more about the performance: yes, it is… |
|
1832 bearable once you get used to. The issue is both the CPU and IO. While t… |
|
1833 a <a href="https://www.qualcomm.com/products/mobile/snapdragon/laptop… |
|
1834 2</a> |
|
1835 is octa-core, it has only 2 high performance CPU cores vs 6 low performa… |
|
1836 ones (2xARM Cortex A76 vs 6xARM Cortex A55). If it was something like 4x… |
|
1837 would be much better. The fact that the cores are old doesn't help eithe… |
|
1838 <p>But the worst part is the IO. Not only it uses a eMMC module, i… |
|
1839 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
1840 <p>I don't know how much more expensive it would be to put a |
|
1841 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Flash_Storage">UF… |
|
1842 this device, but this is probably the choice that would most increase |
|
1843 performance in this device, especially considering how aggressive Chrome… |
|
1844 use (z)swap.</p> |
|
1845 <p>Update 2: I forgot to talk about the fact that the exterior of … |
|
1846 covered in cloth. I thought I would hate this at first, but nowadays I k… |
|
1847 like it. And it is also nice that it will never get scratched, I don't c… |
|
1848 much about the exterior of this device and it is the only device that I … |
|
1849 home that doesn't have additional protection (except the screen protector |
|
1850 mentioned above).</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Building stat… |
|
1851 if I could have the surgery I discovered that I was suffering from dry e… |
|
1852 Thanks to this, my ophthalmologist recommended that every 20 minutes whi… |
|
1853 using screens, I look somewhere 20 feet away for 20 seconds, a technique… |
|
1854 as <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/20-20-20-rul… |
|
1855 <p>I had issues following this rule because I never remembered to … |
|
1856 initially tried to setup an alarm, but this became annoying, so I decide… |
|
1857 try to find a program. I found |
|
1858 <a href="https://tonyh4156.github.io/20-20-20.github.io/">this<… |
|
1859 worked fine, but it bothered me that it was compiled for x86_64 while I … |
|
1860 using a M1 MacBook Pro at the time, and also I needed something that wor… |
|
1861 Linux.</p> |
|
1862 <p>Since I never found a good multi-platform alternative, I decide… |
|
1863 own. This became |
|
1864 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/twenty-twenty-twenty/">tw… |
|
1865 the first <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/go-a-reasonable-good-langu… |
|
1866 that I ever wrote. I wrote it in Go because I wanted to learn the langua… |
|
1867 also because Go made it easy to build static binaries. And the first ver… |
|
1868 could build static binaries without issues because I was using |
|
1869 <a href="https://github.com/gen2brain/beeep">beeep</a>, that… |
|
1870 supported platforms. However, it also meant that the notifications in ma… |
|
1871 looked ugly, since it used |
|
1872 <a href="https://github.com/gen2brain/beeep/blob/master/beep_darwin.g… |
|
1873 <p>I wanted better integration with macOS, so this meant switching… |
|
1874 After searching for a while, the |
|
1875 <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/gioui.org/x/notify">notify</a> l… |
|
1876 <a href="https://gioui.org/">GioUI</a> is the one that seeme… |
|
1877 implements notification in macOS using its native framework, so it works… |
|
1878 better, but sadly it meant losing static binaries because it depends in … |
|
1879 <p>Not a big loss initially, because I am only depending in Founda… |
|
1880 macOS (that should always be available), and in Linux I could still stat… |
|
1881 compile. However I eventually added more features like sound |
|
1882 (via <a href="https://github.com/gopxl/beep">beep</a>) and t… |
|
1883 <a href="https://github.com/fyne-io/systray">systray</a>), t… |
|
1884 macOS and Linux.</p> |
|
1885 <p>Losing static binaries in Linux is a much bigger deal, since Li… |
|
1886 target. The general recommendation for building CGO binaries statically … |
|
1887 using |
|
1888 <a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2024/building-static-binaries-… |
|
1889 but this also means building all dependencies that we need using musl (e… |
|
1890 <a href="https://github.com/ebitengine/oto?tab=readme-ov-file#linux"&… |
|
1891 [beep/oto]). This generally means pain, but Nix makes it easy.</p> |
|
1892 <p>Let's start by creating a <a href="https://github.com/thiago… |
|
1893 file</a> |
|
1894 that builds our Go module (simplified below for brevity):</p> |
|
1895 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1896 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1897 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1898 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1899 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1900 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1901 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1902 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1903 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1904 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1905 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1906 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1907 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1908 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1909 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1910 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1911 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1912 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1913 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1914 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1915 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1916 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1917 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1918 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1919 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1920 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1921 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1922 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1923 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1924 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1925 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1926 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1927 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1928 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1929 </span></span></code></pre><p>And we can b… |
|
1930 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1931 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1932 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1933 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1934 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1935 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1936 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1937 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1938 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1939 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1940 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1941 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1942 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1943 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1944 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1945 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1946 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1947 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1948 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1949 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1950 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1951 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1952 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1953 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1954 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1955 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1956 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1957 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1958 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1959 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1960 </span></span></code></pre><p>I think this… |
|
1961 build and a static build the usage of <code>pkgs.pkgsStatic</co… |
|
1962 automatically builds all packages statically with <code>musl</c… |
|
1963 some <a href="https://honnef.co/articles/statically-compiled-go-progr… |
|
1964 flags</a> |
|
1965 to the Go compiler (i.e.: <code>-linkmode external -extldflags &am… |
|
1966 is a requirement from Go.</p> |
|
1967 <p>So, does it work? Let's test:</p> |
|
1968 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1969 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1970 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1971 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1972 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1973 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1974 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1975 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1976 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1977 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1978 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1979 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1980 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
1981 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
1982 related because of my usage of PipeWire and the binary may work in a pur… |
|
1983 system, but I don't have access to one. Maybe adding <code>pipewir… |
|
1984 <code>buildInputs</code> would fix this issue, but I can't g… |
|
1985 statically (because of its dependencies). I think this is a good show ho… |
|
1986 it is to statically compilation is in Nix, but also how complex static b… |
|
1987 are to get correctly.</p> |
|
1988 <p>Bonus points for |
|
1989 <a href="https://nix.dev/tutorials/cross-compilation.html">cross-c… |
|
1990 easily cross-compile by using <code>pkgsCross</code>:</p&… |
|
1991 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
1992 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1993 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1994 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1995 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1996 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1997 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1998 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
1999 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2000 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2001 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2002 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2003 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2004 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2005 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2006 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2007 </span></span></code></pre><p>The idea of … |
|
2008 <code>aarch64-multiplatform</code>) and use it as any other … |
|
2009 <code>pkgsStatic</code> to statically cross compile binaries… |
|
2010 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2011 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2012 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2013 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2014 </span></span></span></code></pre></summar… |
|
2015 bits</a> post in this |
|
2016 blog, I gave that title prefix without much thought: I knew it was suppo… |
|
2017 be a quicker post than my previous one, but I never thought too deeply a… |
|
2018 it. But after:</p> |
|
2019 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2020 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2021 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2022 quick bits really quick, or at least quicker? Let's see:</p> |
|
2023 <pre><code>$ wc -w **/*.md |
|
2024 1107 2024-07-26/01-writing-nixos-tests-for-fun-and-profit.md |
|
2025 1220 2024-07-26/02-using-github-as-a-bad-blog-platform.md |
|
2026 286 2024-07-27/01-quick-bits-nix-shell-is-cursed.md |
|
2027 387 2024-07-29/01-quick-bits-why-you-should-automate-everything.md |
|
2028 1060 2024-07-29/02-go-a-reasonable-good-language.md |
|
2029 1380 2024-07-30/01-first-impressions-fpgbc.md |
|
2030 1238 2024-07-31/01-generating-yaml-files-with-nix.md |
|
2031 2308 2024-08-01/01-troubleshooting-zsh-lag-and-solutions-with-nix.md |
|
2032 504 2024-08-01/02-quick-bits-realise-nix-symlinks.md |
|
2033 834 2024-08-04/01-make-nixd-modules-completion-work-anywhere-with-flak… |
|
2034 1147 2024-08-05/01-my-favorite-device-is-a-chromebook.md |
|
2035 394 2024-08-07/01-quick-bits-is-crostini-a-microvm.md |
|
2036 120 README.md |
|
2037 11985 total |
|
2038 </code></pre> |
|
2039 <p>While using <code>wc</code> is probably not the bes… |
|
2040 in this blog, since I tend to write lots of code snippets), I think this… |
|
2041 least it gives me a good insight: yes, quick bits are quicker, and they'… |
|
2042 basically posts with a soft limit around 500 words. So expect in future … |
|
2043 limit to be used.</p> |
|
2044 <p>By the way, at:</p> |
|
2045 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2046 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2047 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2048 too much. And yes, that last block of code is also meta ;).</p></s… |
|
2049 conclusion I got after some searching.</p> |
|
2050 <p>Someone asked me in my <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/my-f… |
|
2051 post</a> about my |
|
2052 Chromebook if Crostini could be considered a micro VM. This was a intere… |
|
2053 question, so I decided to do another post.</p> |
|
2054 <p>To start, it is really difficult to get a good definition of wh… |
|
2055 is. <a href="https://firecracker-microvm.github.io/">Firecracker&l… |
|
2056 micro VM, and describes itself in its website as:</p> |
|
2057 <blockquote> |
|
2058 <p>Firecracker is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that uses the Li… |
|
2059 Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) to create and manage microVMs. Firecr… |
|
2060 has a minimalist design. It excludes unnecessary devices and guest |
|
2061 functionality to reduce the memory footprint and attack surface area of … |
|
2062 microVM. This improves security, decreases the startup time, and increas… |
|
2063 hardware utilization.</p> |
|
2064 </blockquote> |
|
2065 <p>Now looking at Crostini, its heart is a VMM called |
|
2066 <a href="https://crosvm.dev/">crosvm</a>. It is described in… |
|
2067 <a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/crosvm… |
|
2068 as:</p> |
|
2069 <blockquote> |
|
2070 <p>crosvm is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) based on Linux’s KV… |
|
2071 with a focus on simplicity, security, and speed. crosvm is intended to r… |
|
2072 Linux guests, originally as a security boundary for running native |
|
2073 applications on the ChromeOS platform. Compared to QEMU, crosvm doesn’t |
|
2074 emulate architectures or real hardware, instead concentrating on |
|
2075 paravirtualized devices, such as the virtio standard.</p> |
|
2076 </blockquote> |
|
2077 <p>Similar descriptions right? Actually Firecracker website says i… |
|
2078 Chromium OS's Virtual Machine Monitor, crosvm, an open source VMM writte… |
|
2079 Rust&quot;. So I would say it is safe to say crosvm itself is a micr… |
|
2080 <p>But |
|
2081 <a href="https://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/developer-library/guide… |
|
2082 itself is a combination of virtualization AND containerization. Basically |
|
2083 inside the VM it runs a Linux kernel and <a href="https://linuxcontai… |
|
2084 that can start arbitrary containers inside it. From the Crostini documen… |
|
2085 this choice seems to be to keep startup times down, and also to increase |
|
2086 security (e.g.: in case of a security issue inside the container).</p… |
|
2087 <p>This is definitely an interesting choice, since containers allo… |
|
2088 of each distro that you run inside Crostini to be low, and the main VM i… |
|
2089 (called |
|
2090 <a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/overlays/board-… |
|
2091 should have low overhead too thanks to crosvm.</p> |
|
2092 <p>By the way, if you want to learn more how &quot;devices&… |
|
2093 like crosvm, I recommend <a href="https://prilik.com/blog/post/crosvm… |
|
2094 post</a> talking about |
|
2095 paravirtualized devices in crosvm.</p></summary></entry><entry><ti… |
|
2096 &quot;personal computing&quot; that I do nowadays is mostly done… |
|
2097 unremarkable devices that I own: a cheap <a href="https://www.lenovo.… |
|
2098 3</a>, |
|
2099 that I bought for around EUR300. I was thinking why, because it is woefu… |
|
2100 underpowered: a <a href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/16696/qualcom… |
|
2101 2</a>, |
|
2102 a CPU that was already considered slow 3 years ago, coupled with an eMMC… |
|
2103 storage, that is not much faster than a HDD. At least I have the 8GB RAM |
|
2104 version instead of the 4GB one.</p> |
|
2105 <p>It is a hybrid device, one that can be used as either a tablet … |
|
2106 it is compromised experience in both cases: as a tablet, it lacks the be… |
|
2107 touch optimised interface from iOS or Android; as a laptop, you have to … |
|
2108 on the stand to adjust the screen, and the detachable keyboard is worse … |
|
2109 any laptop I have ever owned: getting keys stucked and characters being |
|
2110 duplicated as a result is a common occurence. It is not so bad that I ca… |
|
2111 things done though. About the trackpad: its biggest quality is that I ne… |
|
2112 feel the need to use the touchscreen in laptop mode, that is to say that… |
|
2113 acceptable. Just crank up the pointer speed in ChromeOS settings, otherw… |
|
2114 never get anywhere since the trackpad is so small. There is also an acti… |
|
2115 stylus, that helped me sometimes when I needed to sign something but oth… |
|
2116 I can't comment too much.</p> |
|
2117 <p>But I really love this device. It is generally the only device … |
|
2118 trips nowadays, because while it is compromised it works well enough: I … |
|
2119 to consume media in tablet mode (the fact that ChromeOS supports Android… |
|
2120 is a plus in those cases), browse the web and even do Linux stuff (more … |
|
2121 this later). The fact that it is small (the size remembers me of a |
|
2122 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netbook">netbook</a>)… |
|
2123 the keyboard), has a good screen (that is bright and HiDPI) and good bat… |
|
2124 life (I don't have numbers but I almost never worry about it) is what ma… |
|
2125 this device the perfect companion to trips.</p> |
|
2126 <p>Also, it has 2 USB-C ports and supports DisplayPort alt-mode, s… |
|
2127 can charge it, connect to a external display and peripherals, all at the… |
|
2128 time. Sadly, the maximum output resolution I got was 1080p (2560x1080), |
|
2129 although some people at Reddit <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/chro… |
|
2130 success</a> |
|
2131 at 1440p, and the specs suggests it supports 4k. It may be my Dell S3423… |
|
2132 monitor being wonky, the fact that it is Ultrawide or the cable, who kno… |
|
2133 even tried to change the monitor to &quot;High Resolution&quot; … |
|
2134 no avail.</p> |
|
2135 <p><em>Update:</em> looking at the <a href="https:/… |
|
2136 brief</a> |
|
2137 for Snapdragon 7c Gen 2, it seems it supports up to QHD@60Hz (1440p) for… |
|
2138 external display, and not 4k. This explains why it doesn't work at maxim… |
|
2139 resolution in my Dell S3423DWC, since while it is 1440p it is Ultrawide,… |
|
2140 resolution is bigger than QHD (3440x1440 vs 2560x1440).</p> |
|
2141 <p>ChromeOS is also really interesting nowadays. To start, it is d… |
|
2142 ground up to be a <a href="https://support.google.com/chromebook/answ… |
|
2143 environment</a>, probably |
|
2144 the most secure OS for consumers right now. Being a Chrome-first OS make… |
|
2145 compromised experience, for example, it is the only device that I use Ch… |
|
2146 my main browser (since I personally prefer Firefox). But having a OS tha… |
|
2147 fast is great: I never worry about OS updates because I know the device … |
|
2148 ready in seconds after a reboot. And the whole desktop experience inside… |
|
2149 ChromeOS desktop is good, having shortcuts for many operations so you ca… |
|
2150 things done fast, and support for virtual desktops (ChromeOS call it &am… |
|
2151 means you can organise your windows as much as you want.</p> |
|
2152 <p>And what I think makes ChromeOS really powerful is |
|
2153 <a href="https://chromeos.dev/en/linux">Crostini</a>, a full… |
|
2154 inside ChromeOS. It runs Debian (it seems you can <a href="https://ww… |
|
2155 distros</a> |
|
2156 though) with a deep integration with ChromeOS, so you can run even graph… |
|
2157 programs without issues (including OpenGL!):</p> |
|
2158 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
2159 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
2160 <p>This is all thanks to |
|
2161 <a href="https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform2/+/HEA… |
|
2162 a nested Wayland compositor that runs inside Crostini and allow both Way… |
|
2163 and X11 applications to be forwarded to ChromeOS. The integration is so … |
|
2164 that I can run Firefox inside Crostini and works well enough, but sadly … |
|
2165 is too slow in this device (I am not sure if the issue is ChromeOS or Fi… |
|
2166 but I suspect the later since Google does some optimisation per device).… |
|
2167 <p>One interesting tidbit about the OpenGL situation in this devic… |
|
2168 be the first Chromebook to ship with open source drivers, thanks to Free… |
|
2169 There is <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mnjSmN03VM">thi… |
|
2170 presentation done by Rob Clark in XDC 2021, that I recommended anyone |
|
2171 interested in free drivers to watch (the reference design of Duet 3 is |
|
2172 <a href="https://chromeunboxed.com/chromebook-tablet-snapdragon-7c-ho… |
|
2173 <p>The Crostini integration is probably the best VM integration wi… |
|
2174 saw in an OS: you can manage files inside the VM, share directories betw… |
|
2175 OS and VM, copy and paste works between the two, GUI applications instal… |
|
2176 inside the VM appear in the ChromeOS menu, memory allocation inside the … |
|
2177 transparent, etc. Even the themes for Linux GUI applications are customi… |
|
2178 match ChromeOS. It is unironically one of the best Linux desktop experie… |
|
2179 ever had.</p> |
|
2180 <p>Of course I am using Nix, but since the Crostini integration de… |
|
2181 services being configured and installed, I decided to run Nix inside Deb… |
|
2182 instead of NixOS and run <a href="https://nix-community.github.io/hom… |
|
2183 standalone</a>. |
|
2184 I recommend checking the official <a href="https://wiki.nixos.org/wik… |
|
2185 Crostini</a>, that details |
|
2186 how to register applications in ChromeOS (so desktop applications appear… |
|
2187 menu) and use <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/nixGL">nix… |
|
2188 applications work.</p> |
|
2189 <p>Like I said at the start of the article, the device is woefully… |
|
2190 its CPU and eMMC. It does mean that, for example, activating my Home-Man… |
|
2191 configuration takes a while (around 1 minute, vs a few seconds in my lap… |
|
2192 But it is much faster than say, |
|
2193 <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/nix-on-droid-app">nix-on… |
|
2194 last time I tried in a much more powerful device (<a href="https://ww… |
|
2195 5</a>), took 30 minutes until I |
|
2196 just decided to cancel the operation. Having a proper VM instead of |
|
2197 <a href="https://wiki.termux.com/wiki/PRoot">proot</a> makes… |
|
2198 <p>I can even do some light programming here: using my |
|
2199 <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/troubleshoting-zsh-lag-and-solutions… |
|
2200 and neovim configuration (including LSP for coding) is reasonable fast. … |
|
2201 example, I did most of the code that <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog… |
|
2202 blog</a> |
|
2203 using this Chromebook. If I need more power, I can use the <a href="h… |
|
2204 Android</a> to connect to any |
|
2205 other of my hosts via SSH. Yes, the Tailscale app works in Crostini, sad… |
|
2206 without MagicDNS, so you need to use the internal Tailscale IPs instead.… |
|
2207 <p>Until Google decides to give us a proper VM or user namespaces … |
|
2208 release a hybrid Chromebook device with better specs, this small Chromeb… |
|
2209 will probably stay as my travel companion, and is one of my favorite dev… |
|
2210 result&quot;).</p> |
|
2211 <p>I recently switched from <a href="https://github.com/oxalica… |
|
2212 <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/nixd">nixd</a> as … |
|
2213 was curious in <code>nixd</code> for a long time since the f… |
|
2214 means it can offer much more powerful completion than the <code>ni… |
|
2215 analysis, however it used to be difficult to setup. Nowadays it is much … |
|
2216 basically doing the right thing as long as you have <code>NIX_PATH… |
|
2217 get both package and NixOS modules completion.</p> |
|
2218 <p>Getting Home-Manager modules though needs some setup. The recom… |
|
2219 setup accordingly to the <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/ni… |
|
2220 documentation</a> |
|
2221 is to use the following for Flake based configurations (using neovim |
|
2222 configuration here, but it should be easy to adapt to other editors):<… |
|
2223 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2224 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2225 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2226 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2227 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2228 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2229 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2230 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2231 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2232 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2233 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2234 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2235 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2236 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2237 </span></span></code></pre><p>This works, … |
|
2238 will only work if you open your editor in your <a href="https://githu… |
|
2239 repository</a>. For any other |
|
2240 repository, <code>nixosConfigurations.miku-nixos</code> or &… |
|
2241 will not exist and the completion will not work.</p> |
|
2242 <p>It may look like this is easy to fix if you have |
|
2243 <a href="https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/unstable/options#opt-_module.… |
|
2244 (or <code>extraSpecialArgs</code> in Home-Manager) set to ha… |
|
2245 Flakes inputs, but:</p> |
|
2246 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2247 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2248 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2249 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2250 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2251 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2252 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2253 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2254 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2255 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2256 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2257 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2258 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2259 </span></span></code></pre><p>Well, it was… |
|
2260 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2261 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2262 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2263 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2264 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2265 </span></span></code></pre><p>But while it… |
|
2266 impure, since there is no <code>flake.lock</code>).</p> |
|
2267 <p>The default configuration for <code>nixd</code> mak… |
|
2268 of my configuration repo, and it is fast. How? I decided to take a look … |
|
2269 <code>nixd</code> source code and found |
|
2270 <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/nixd/blob/d938026c55c7c36a6… |
|
2271 (formatted here for legibility):</p> |
|
2272 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2273 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2274 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2275 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2276 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2277 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2278 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2279 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2280 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2281 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2282 </span></span></code></pre><p>Interesting,… |
|
2283 said above, it depends in <code>NIX_PATH</code> being correc… |
|
2284 use our Flake inputs instead? After some tries in the Nix REPL, I got the |
|
2285 following:</p> |
|
2286 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2287 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2288 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2289 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2290 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2291 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2292 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2293 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2294 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2295 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2296 </span></span></code></pre><p>So we can ad… |
|
2297 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2298 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2299 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2300 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2301 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2302 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2303 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2304 </span></span></code></pre><p>This was eas… |
|
2305 to take a look at the Home-Manager <a href="https://github.com/nix-co… |
|
2306 code</a> |
|
2307 to find the answer:</p> |
|
2308 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2309 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2310 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2311 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2312 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2313 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2314 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2315 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2316 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2317 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2318 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2319 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2320 </span></span></code></pre><p>The interest… |
|
2321 system (including <code>evalModules</code>). This includes e… |
|
2322 Home-Manager only. Also, we need to disable <code>checks</code&… |
|
2323 some validations (e.g.: missing <code>stateVersion</code>). … |
|
2324 any issue for module completion yet, I may set it in the future.</p&g… |
|
2325 <p>And for the final result:</p> |
|
2326 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2327 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2328 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2329 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2330 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2331 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2332 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2333 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2334 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2335 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2336 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2337 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2338 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2339 </span></span></code></pre><p>Yes, it is q… |
|
2340 repository, as long as you're using Flakes. And it is fast, since it doe… |
|
2341 need any network access. Since we are already here, let's define <cod… |
|
2342 not depend in the <code>NIX_PATH</code> being set too.</p… |
|
2343 Tavis</a>, I decided to document my own |
|
2344 recent journey of reducing terminal (ZSH) lag startup. This post is way … |
|
2345 interesting than the one from Tavis that uses a debugger to patch applic… |
|
2346 on the fly, but should still be interesting for some. And it also shows … |
|
2347 powerful Nix can be for some things.</p> |
|
2348 <p>For context, I have basically 3 systems where I interact with t… |
|
2349 frequently:</p> |
|
2350 <ul> |
|
2351 <li><a href="https://www.notebookcheck.net/Lenovo-ThinkPad-P14s… |
|
2352 running NixOS, with a reasonable fast CPU (<a href="https://www.noteb… |
|
2353 4750U</a>) |
|
2354 and disk (NVMe)</li> |
|
2355 <li><a href="https://everymac.com/systems/apple/macbook_pro/spe… |
|
2356 Pro</a> |
|
2357 with a really fast CPU (M1 Pro) and disk, but of course running macOS, b… |
|
2358 phased-out since this is a job owned machine and I am changing jobs right |
|
2359 now, but should be replaced with another one soon™</li> |
|
2360 <li><a href="https://chromeunboxed.com/lenovo-chromebook-duet-3… |
|
2361 3</a> |
|
2362 running ChromeOS, with slow CPU (<a href="https://www.notebookcheck.n… |
|
2363 2</a>) |
|
2364 and disk (eMMC, really?)</li> |
|
2365 </ul> |
|
2366 <p>My experience is similar to Tavis, at around 300ms of startup t… |
|
2367 too much, but around 500ms+ is where I start to notice. I never had any … |
|
2368 with startup time in NixOS itself (I had issues with macOS before, but i… |
|
2369 not actually the fault of macOS), but in the Chromebook it was awful: 60… |
|
2370 with <a href="https://www.instabug.com/blog/understanding-cold-hot-an… |
|
2371 start</a>, |
|
2372 while cold start it could take multiple seconds.</p> |
|
2373 <p>We can check how long ZSH takes to start by using:</p> |
|
2374 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2375 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2376 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2377 use of ZSH. Without this flag ZSH will ignore your <code>~/.zshrc&… |
|
2378 results will be meaningless.</p> |
|
2379 <p>To do a more interesting benchmark, we can use |
|
2380 <a href="https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine"><code>hyperfi… |
|
2381 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2382 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2383 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2384 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2385 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2386 shell startup time. A really great tool to have in your toolbox by the w… |
|
2387 I digress.</p> |
|
2388 <p>So let's do a little time travelling. Going back to commit |
|
2389 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/tree/b12757f9088… |
|
2390 from <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/">nix-co… |
|
2391 <code>hyperfine</code> like above from my NixOS laptop, we h… |
|
2392 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2393 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2394 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2395 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2396 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2397 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2398 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2399 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2400 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2401 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2402 benchmark (so it is a hot start). The cold start times were above 3s. So… |
|
2403 investigate what is happening here. We can profile what is taking time d… |
|
2404 the startup of ZSH using <a href="https://www.bigbinary.com/blog/zsh-… |
|
2405 You can add the following in your <code>~/.zshrc</code>:<… |
|
2406 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2407 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2408 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2409 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2410 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2411 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2412 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2413 </span></span></code></pre><p>Or if using … |
|
2414 <a href="https://nix-community.github.io/home-manager/options.xhtml#o… |
|
2415 option. Once we restart ZSH, we will have something like:</p> |
|
2416 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2417 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2418 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2419 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2420 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2421 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2422 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2423 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2424 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2425 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2426 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2427 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2428 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2429 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2430 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2431 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2432 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2433 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2434 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2435 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2436 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2437 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2438 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2439 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2440 </span></span></code></pre><p>I ommited so… |
|
2441 <a href="https://github.com/zimfw/zimfw">zimfw</a>, the fram… |
|
2442 my ZSH (similar to Oh-My-Zsh). I actually don't use <code>zimfw<… |
|
2443 just load some modules that I find useful, like the <code>zim-comp… |
|
2444 <code>zim-ssh</code> that we can see above. By the way, Zim … |
|
2445 optimised for startup time, but those 2 modules are kind slow.</p> |
|
2446 <p>For <a href="https://github.com/zimfw/completion"><cod… |
|
2447 look at it, there isn't much I could do. It seems that the reason |
|
2448 <code>zim-completion</code> takes so long during startup is … |
|
2449 if it needs to recompile the completions (and replacing it with just a n… |
|
2450 <code>autoload -U compinit &amp;&amp; compinit</code>… |
|
2451 may eventually replace it for something else, but I really like what Zim… |
|
2452 here, so I decided to not touch it for now.</p> |
|
2453 <p>However <a href="https://github.com/zimfw/ssh"><code&g… |
|
2454 reason I used it is to start a <code>ssh-agent</code> and ke… |
|
2455 sessions. It shouldn't have that much influence in startup time. So I to… |
|
2456 look the code (since it is small, I am reproducing it here):</p> |
|
2457 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2458 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2459 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2460 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2461 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2462 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2463 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2464 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2465 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2466 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2467 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2468 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2469 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2470 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2471 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2472 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2473 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2474 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2475 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2476 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2477 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2478 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2479 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2480 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2481 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2482 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2483 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2484 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2485 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2486 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2487 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2488 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2489 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2490 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2491 </span></span></code></pre><p>Well, this i… |
|
2492 already running but you open a new shell instance (that doesn't have the |
|
2493 connection info yet so it will need to load). This will run <code>… |
|
2494 times. How long does <code>ssh-add</code> takes to run?</… |
|
2495 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2496 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2497 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2498 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2499 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2500 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2501 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2502 command being tested is too fast.</p> |
|
2503 <p>In average we have 4x4ms=16ms of startup time. But keep in mind… |
|
2504 can be much worse. The question is, how can we improve the situation her… |
|
2505 <p>After taking a look, I decided to write my own code, based in s… |
|
2506 from <a href="https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/blob/67581c53c645856… |
|
2507 plugin</a>. |
|
2508 Here is final version of my |
|
2509 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/blob/e45a888f2bf… |
|
2510 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2511 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2512 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2513 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2514 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2515 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2516 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2517 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2518 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2519 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2520 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2521 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2522 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2523 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2524 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2525 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2526 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2527 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2528 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2529 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2530 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2531 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2532 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2533 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2534 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2535 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2536 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2537 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2538 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2539 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2540 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2541 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2542 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2543 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2544 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2545 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2546 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2547 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2548 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2549 </span></span></code></pre><p>The idea her… |
|
2550 <a href="https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Zsh-Modules.html#The-… |
|
2551 module from ZSH itself to check if the <code>ssh-agent</code>… |
|
2552 executing <code>ssh-add -l</code>. The only case we run any … |
|
2553 agent itself if needed. Let's run <code>hyperfine</code> aga… |
|
2554 <pre><code>$ hyperfine &quot;zsh -ic exit&quot; |
|
2555 Benchmark 1: zsh -ic exit |
|
2556 Time (mean ± σ): 188.3 ms ± 8.2 ms [User: 61.1 ms, System:… |
|
2557 Range (min … max): 170.9 ms … 198.4 ms 16 runs |
|
2558 </code></pre> |
|
2559 <p>Got a good improvement here already. Let's see <code>zpro… |
|
2560 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2561 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2562 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2563 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2564 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2565 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2566 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2567 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2568 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2569 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2570 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2571 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2572 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2573 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2574 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2575 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2576 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2577 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2578 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2579 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2580 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2581 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2582 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2583 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2584 </span></span></code></pre><p>Well, there … |
|
2585 still the main culprit, but nothing to do for now. Instead of looking at |
|
2586 <code>zproof</code>, let's take a look at my <code>~/.… |
|
2587 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2588 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2589 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2590 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2591 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2592 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2593 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2594 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2595 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2596 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2597 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2598 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2599 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2600 </span></span></code></pre><p>So you see, … |
|
2601 startup considerable. Not necessary for commands fast like <code>f… |
|
2602 written in Go), but let's see |
|
2603 <a href="https://github.com/haslersn/any-nix-shell"><code>an… |
|
2604 in shell script:</p> |
|
2605 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2606 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2607 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2608 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2609 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2610 in mind that there is a difference between the cold and hot start again.… |
|
2611 example, <code>fzf</code>:</p> |
|
2612 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2613 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2614 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2615 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2616 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2617 6.8ms can be noticiable, especially if this accumulates with other slow |
|
2618 starting apps.</p> |
|
2619 <p>And the thing is, all those commands are just generating in the… |
|
2620 output, at least for the current version of the program. Can we pre-gene… |
|
2621 them instead? If using Nix, of course we can:</p> |
|
2622 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2623 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2624 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2625 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2626 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2627 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2628 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2629 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2630 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2631 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2632 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2633 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2634 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2635 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2636 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2637 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2638 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2639 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2640 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2641 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2642 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2643 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2644 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2645 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2646 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2647 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2648 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2649 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2650 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2651 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2652 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2653 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2654 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2655 </span></span></code></pre><p>So we can us… |
|
2656 <code>source</code> the result. <code>fzf</code>… |
|
2657 already generated in the package. I think this is one of those things th… |
|
2658 really shows the power of Nix: I wouldn't do something similar if I didn… |
|
2659 Nix because the risk of breaking something later is big (e.g.: forgettin… |
|
2660 update the generated files), but Nix makes those things trivial.</p&g… |
|
2661 <p>Let's run <code>hyperfine</code> again:</p> |
|
2662 <pre><code>$ hyperfine &quot;zsh -ic exit&quot; |
|
2663 Benchmark 1: zsh -ic exit |
|
2664 Time (mean ± σ): 162.3 ms ± 4.9 ms [User: 52.7 ms, System:… |
|
2665 Range (min … max): 153.0 ms … 173.4 ms 19 runs |
|
2666 </code></pre> |
|
2667 <p>Another good improvement. The last change I did is switching be… |
|
2668 <a href="https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting"><… |
|
2669 to |
|
2670 <a href="https://github.com/zdharma-continuum/fast-syntax-highlightin… |
|
2671 that is supposed to be faster and have better highlighting too. I got th… |
|
2672 <code>_zsh_highlight_load_highlighters</code> using 26% of t… |
|
2673 And for the final <code>hyperfine</code> in my laptop:</p… |
|
2674 <pre><code>$ hyperfine &quot;zsh -ic exit&quot; |
|
2675 Benchmark 1: zsh -ic exit |
|
2676 Time (mean ± σ): 138.3 ms ± 7.1 ms [User: 47.5 ms, System:… |
|
2677 Range (min … max): 123.8 ms … 157.9 ms 21 runs |
|
2678 </code></pre> |
|
2679 <p>A ~36% improvement, not bad. Let's see how it fares in my Chrom… |
|
2680 <pre><code>$ hyperfine &quot;zsh -ic exit&quot; |
|
2681 Benchmark 1: zsh -ic exit |
|
2682 Time (mean ± σ): 278.2 ms ± 46.9 ms [User: 88.0 ms, System:… |
|
2683 Range (min … max): 204.7 ms … 368.5 ms 11 runs |
|
2684 </code></pre> |
|
2685 <p>An even more impressive ~59% improvement. And yes, the shell st… |
|
2686 much better.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Quick bits: realis… |
|
2687 <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/">Home-Mana… |
|
2688 when you want to test something or maybe debug some issue in your |
|
2689 configuration. Those times it would be really convenient if you could av… |
|
2690 rebuild of your Home-Manager configuration, since this takes time until |
|
2691 evaluation and activation.</p> |
|
2692 <p>For those times I have this small script in my Nix configuratio… |
|
2693 <code>realise-symlinks</code>, that is defined as:</p> |
|
2694 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2695 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2696 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2697 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2698 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2699 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2700 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2701 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2702 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2703 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2704 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2705 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2706 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2707 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2708 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2709 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2710 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2711 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2712 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2713 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2714 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2715 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2716 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2717 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2718 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2719 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2720 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2721 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2722 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2723 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2724 </span></span></code></pre><p>The idea of … |
|
2725 store and it will realise, e.g.: convert to an &quot;actual&quot… |
|
2726 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2727 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2728 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2729 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2730 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2731 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2732 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2733 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2734 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2735 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2736 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2737 By the way, it also works with directories:</p> |
|
2738 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2739 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2740 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2741 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2742 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2743 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2744 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2745 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2746 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2747 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2748 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2749 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2750 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2751 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2752 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2753 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2754 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2755 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2756 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2757 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2758 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2759 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2760 can just delete those files and re-run your Home-Manager activation:<… |
|
2761 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2762 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2763 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2764 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2765 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2766 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2767 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2768 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2769 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2770 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2771 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2772 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2773 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2774 OS level configuration.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Generat… |
|
2775 <a href="https://noyaml.com/">noyaml.com</a>. In my personal… |
|
2776 preferring either JSON, <a href="https://toml.io/en/">TOML</a&g… |
|
2777 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file">INI</a> fil… |
|
2778 However the ship has sailed already, there are tons of projects everywhe… |
|
2779 uses YAML: from most CI systems (<a href="https://docs.github.com/en/… |
|
2780 Actions</a>, |
|
2781 <a href="https://circleci.com/docs/introduction-to-yaml-configuration… |
|
2782 <a href="https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/build-config-yaml">Travis… |
|
2783 <a href="https://man.sr.ht/builds.sr.ht/">builds.sr.ht</a>),… |
|
2784 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-ob… |
|
2785 or in almost every |
|
2786 <a href="https://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-… |
|
2787 application.</p> |
|
2788 <p>One way to avoid at least some issues with the language is to w… |
|
2789 another language. I will show my solution in one of my <a href="https… |
|
2790 repositories</a>, writing Nix to |
|
2791 generate GitHub Actions configuration files. Bonus points for validating… |
|
2792 result against the schema of GitHub Actions, so the famous &quot;thi… |
|
2793 be string instead of a list of strings&quot; is gone.</p> |
|
2794 <p>Let's start with the basics: YAML is supposed to be a <a hre… |
|
2795 JSON</a>. What that means is that a JSON file |
|
2796 <a href="https://yaml.org/spec/1.2-old/spec.html#id2759572">can be… |
|
2797 parser. And Nix itself generates JSON natively, after all, Nix can be im… |
|
2798 as <a href="https://nix.dev/tutorials/nix-language.html">&quot… |
|
2799 <p>To make things easier, I will assume that you have the <code… |
|
2800 <code>flakes</code> enabled as <code>experimental-feat… |
|
2801 go <a href="https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Flakes">here</a>.<… |
|
2802 <p>Using the <code>nix eval</code> command, we can gen… |
|
2803 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2804 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2805 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2806 impractical. We can write the following code inside a <code>foo.ni… |
|
2807 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2808 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2809 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2810 </span></span></code></pre><p>And:</p&g… |
|
2811 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2812 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2813 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2814 not the <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/JSON::XS#JSON-and-YAML">… |
|
2815 maybe not), Nix has no native functionality to export data to YAML. Howe… |
|
2816 since we are using Nix, it is trivial to use <code>nixpkgs</cod… |
|
2817 convert from JSON to YAML.</p> |
|
2818 <p>To start, let's create a new directory, move our <code>fo… |
|
2819 new <code>flake.nix</code> file and put the following conten… |
|
2820 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2821 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2822 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2823 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2824 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2825 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2826 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2827 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2828 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2829 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2830 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2831 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2832 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2833 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2834 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2835 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2836 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2837 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2838 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2839 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2840 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2841 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2842 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2843 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2844 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2845 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2846 </span></span></code></pre><p>We are loadi… |
|
2847 <code>builtins.toJSON</code> function, and finally, using &l… |
|
2848 <code>passAsFile</code> option to load the contents of the J… |
|
2849 <a href="https://github.com/sclevine/yj">yj</a>, that conver… |
|
2850 formats (<code>-jy</code> flag means &quot;JSON to YAML&… |
|
2851 because it is a single binary Go program, but you can use whatever you p… |
|
2852 <p>By the way, there is a |
|
2853 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/9f918d616c5321ad374ae6… |
|
2854 inside <code>nixpkgs.lib</code>, but as of the day of this p… |
|
2855 <code>lib.strings.toJSON</code> (that in turn, calls <cod… |
|
2856 really help here. Another option would be <code>pkgs.formats.yaml.… |
|
2857 converts between formats, but it calls |
|
2858 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/008ceae1a2b47a84d7aa01… |
|
2859 (in Python), so not my favorite choice.</p> |
|
2860 <p>If we run the following commands, we can see the result:</p&… |
|
2861 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2862 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2863 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2864 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
2865 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/4e3f25485c6682f3e0… |
|
2866 that builds this blog, to Nix:</p> |
|
2867 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2868 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2869 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2870 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2871 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2872 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2873 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2874 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2875 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2876 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2877 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2878 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2879 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2880 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2881 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2882 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2883 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2884 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2885 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2886 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2887 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2888 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2889 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2890 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2891 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2892 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2893 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2894 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2895 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2896 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2897 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2898 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2899 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2900 </span></span></code></pre><p>Some interes… |
|
2901 need to quote it. Not a problem, but something to be aware. And the temp… |
|
2902 string in GitHub Actions uses the same <code>${}</code> that… |
|
2903 escape.</p> |
|
2904 <p>And after running the following commands:</p> |
|
2905 <pre><code>$ nix build .#packages.x86_64-linux.toYAML |
|
2906 $ cat result/go.yaml |
|
2907 jobs: |
|
2908 build: |
|
2909 permissions: |
|
2910 contents: write |
|
2911 runs-on: ubuntu-latest |
|
2912 steps: |
|
2913 - uses: actions/checkout@v4 |
|
2914 - name: Set up Go |
|
2915 uses: actions/checkout@v4 |
|
2916 with: |
|
2917 go-version: &quot;1.21&quot; |
|
2918 - name: Update |
|
2919 run: make |
|
2920 - env: |
|
2921 MATAROA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.MATAROA_TOKEN }} |
|
2922 name: Publish |
|
2923 run: make publish |
|
2924 - name: Commit |
|
2925 uses: stefanzweifel/git-auto-commit-action@v5 |
|
2926 with: |
|
2927 commit_message: README/rss:update |
|
2928 name: Go |
|
2929 &quot;on&quot;: |
|
2930 push: |
|
2931 branches: |
|
2932 - main |
|
2933 </code></pre> |
|
2934 <p>Yes, the keys are not in the same order as we defined, since Ni… |
|
2935 programming languages (with the exception of |
|
2936 <a href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2017-December/1… |
|
2937 do not guarantee the insertion order in maps/dicts/attrsets/whatever. Bu… |
|
2938 really hope whatever is consuming your YAML is not relying in the order … |
|
2939 keys are defined (this would be more cursed than YAML already is).</p… |
|
2940 <p>So that is basically it. For the bonus points that I talked at … |
|
2941 post, we can modify <code>pkgs.runCommand</code> to run some… |
|
2942 <a href="https://github.com/mpalmer/action-validator"><code>… |
|
2943 particularly packaged in |
|
2944 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/260217">nixpkgs<… |
|
2945 But you could use e.g.: a validator of Kubernetes YAML. Or a generic YAM… |
|
2946 like this <a href="https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint">one<… |
|
2947 endless.</p> |
|
2948 <p>Let's modify our <code>flake.nix</code> to add the … |
|
2949 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2950 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2951 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2952 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2953 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2954 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2955 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2956 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2957 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2958 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2959 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2960 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2961 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2962 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2963 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2964 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2965 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2966 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2967 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2968 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2969 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2970 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2971 </span></span></code></pre><p>And let's ad… |
|
2972 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
2973 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2974 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2975 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2976 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2977 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2978 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2979 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2980 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2981 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2982 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
2983 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2984 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
2985 </span></span></code></pre><p>Finally, let… |
|
2986 <pre><code>$ nix build .#packages.x86_64-linux.toYAML |
|
2987 error: builder for '/nix/store/j8wr6j1pvyf986sf74hqw8k31lvlzac5-toYAML.d… |
|
2988 last 25 log lines: |
|
2989 &gt; &quot;Additional pro… |
|
2990 &gt; ), |
|
2991 &gt; path: &quot;/jobs/build&… |
|
2992 &gt; title: &quot;Property co… |
|
2993 &gt; }, |
|
2994 &gt; Properties { |
|
2995 &gt; code: &quot;properties&a… |
|
2996 &gt; detail: Some( |
|
2997 &gt; &quot;Additional pro… |
|
2998 &gt; ), |
|
2999 &gt; path: &quot;/jobs/build&… |
|
3000 &gt; title: &quot;Property co… |
|
3001 &gt; }, |
|
3002 &gt; Required { |
|
3003 &gt; code: &quot;required&… |
|
3004 &gt; detail: None, |
|
3005 &gt; path: &quot;/jobs/build/… |
|
3006 &gt; title: &quot;This proper… |
|
3007 &gt; }, |
|
3008 &gt; ], |
|
3009 &gt; }, |
|
3010 &gt; ], |
|
3011 &gt; }, |
|
3012 &gt; ], |
|
3013 &gt; } |
|
3014 For full logs, run 'nix log /nix/store/j8wr6j1pvyf986sf74hqw8k31l… |
|
3015 </code></pre> |
|
3016 <p>Yes, the output of <code>action-validator</code> is… |
|
3017 better than making <a href="https://x.com/eric_sink/status/1430954572… |
|
3018 hour&quot;</a>.</p> |
|
3019 <p>If you are interested in how a more advantage usage of this tec… |
|
3020 including usage of functions and constants to share common steps between |
|
3021 different actions, please take a look at the |
|
3022 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/tree/master/acti… |
|
3023 (<a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/tree/fbbc8f935c… |
|
3024 in my <code>nix-config</code> repository.</p></summary… |
|
3025 Color</a> made of completely new |
|
3026 parts for a friend: here is the |
|
3027 <a href="https://funnyplaying.com/products/fpgbc-kit">FPGBC</a&… |
|
3028 <p>The <em>FP</em> part of the name comes from |
|
3029 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array"… |
|
3030 instead of software emulation this device use FPGA to reproduce the devi… |
|
3031 While I am not convinced that FPGA is necessary more accurate than a good |
|
3032 software emulator, one advantage of FPGA is the (possible) lower input l… |
|
3033 thanks to the avoidance of complexity to handle the user input (e.g.: the |
|
3034 Operational System). A quick playthrough against <a href="https://en.… |
|
3035 Maniacs</a> seems to be fine, but |
|
3036 I can't see much difference from my <a href="https://retrogamecorps.c… |
|
3037 Mini+</a> (I will do |
|
3038 more comparisons between the two devices later), that is a software emul… |
|
3039 device.</p> |
|
3040 <p>But I think focusing in accuracy is wrong, the main reason of g… |
|
3041 like this one is for nostalgia, and this definitely hit the mark. The qu… |
|
3042 of the case is as good as I remember the original, and most of the detai… |
|
3043 replicate perfectly, including reproduction stickers in the back of the … |
|
3044 The only differences that I can find is the usage of USB-C port for char… |
|
3045 place of the barrel jack power adapter (thanks!), and the fact that the … |
|
3046 bezels are smaller compared to the original (because the screen is bigge… |
|
3047 doesn't include the Game Boy Color logo (that is fine in my opinion, sin… |
|
3048 would look weird in the fine bezels). It even has a supposedly working &… |
|
3049 Cable</a> (I don't have another |
|
3050 Game Boy to test). Sadly it is missing the infrared sensor, but the usag… |
|
3051 that was pretty limited anyway.</p> |
|
3052 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
3053 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
3054 <p>So how well does it work? I can't say for sure. I don't have an… |
|
3055 with me, so I am relying in backups and a |
|
3056 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashcard">flashcard</a&… |
|
3057 tested works fine, a few of them have graphical issues that can be fixed… |
|
3058 menu (more about it later), and some of them doesn't boot. But I don't k… |
|
3059 the issue with the games not booting are because of the roms, the flashc… |
|
3060 the device itself.</p> |
|
3061 <p>By the way, the flashcard I am using is a cheap knockoff of an … |
|
3062 GB</a>. This FPGBC came with |
|
3063 firmware v1.09, while there is an update available for v1.10 in the |
|
3064 <a href="https://funnyplaying.com/products/fpgbc-kit">website</… |
|
3065 the new firmware where no games would boot with this knockoff Everdrive … |
|
3066 had to go back to v1.09, but again, I am not sure if the issue was fact … |
|
3067 am using a knockoff device or this would happen with an original Everdri… |
|
3068 If you are going to buy a proper Everdrive, you probably wouldn't get a |
|
3069 Everdrive GB anyway since it is discontinued, and it seems the <a hre… |
|
3070 versions</a> |
|
3071 have better compatibility with FPGBC.</p> |
|
3072 <p>Sadly that the update didn't work, since there is this |
|
3073 <a href="https://github.com/makhowastaken/GWGBC_FW">repository<… |
|
3074 firmware to boot the original logo instead of the ugly FPGBC one. And ye… |
|
3075 some reason the v1.09 firmware from this repository still doesn't work w… |
|
3076 knockoff Everdrive.</p> |
|
3077 <p>By the way, it seems the device is not easy to brick: I borked … |
|
3078 update process once while trying to downgrade back to v1.09, resulting i… |
|
3079 black screen when I turned on the console. But just connecting the devic… |
|
3080 the computer and powering on, I could flash the firmware again and the d… |
|
3081 came back to life.</p> |
|
3082 <p>About the features of the device: if you press the volume butto… |
|
3083 press it now), it opens the following menu:</p> |
|
3084 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
3085 <p>The first 2 options are the LCD backlight (<code>BKLT<… |
|
3086 those, but the LCD screen seems to be IPS, and the quality is really goo… |
|
3087 also looks bright enough to play even under bad lightining conditions. A… |
|
3088 speaker has good quality, the sound is better than I remember, but sadly… |
|
3089 maximum volume is kind low. Still should be enough for playing in a quie… |
|
3090 <p><code>DISPMOD</code> is probably the most controver… |
|
3091 scale you want. Anything with <code>EMU</code> at the end me… |
|
3092 colors, and as far I remember it gets really close. You can also chose b… |
|
3093 <code>X4</code>, <code>X4P</code> and <code&g… |
|
3094 image fills the whole screen at the cost of non-integer scaling. <cod… |
|
3095 integer scaling, however the image doesn't fill the whole screen. The &l… |
|
3096 also includes a pixel effect that makes the image closer than the origin… |
|
3097 screen. It actually looks good, but the fact that I chose a white border… |
|
3098 this FPGBC makes the border really distracting. Maybe the black one is a… |
|
3099 choice if you want integer scale.</p> |
|
3100 <p><code>CORE</code> is simple: you can choose between… |
|
3101 Color). For those who don't know, you can run Game Boy games in Game Boy… |
|
3102 and they will be automatically colorised. Some people don't like this and |
|
3103 prefer the colors of <code>GB</code>, so you have this optio… |
|
3104 to chose the color in GB mode, for example, the green-ish colors from the |
|
3105 original Game Boy or the blue-ish colors from <a href="https://ninten… |
|
3106 Light</a>. And yes, you can |
|
3107 choose the color palette for Game Boy games running in <code>GBC&l… |
|
3108 <a href="https://gbstudiocentral.com/tips/game-boy-color-modes/">b… |
|
3109 the boot screen, but it seems not working in my unit and again, not sure… |
|
3110 fault is my knockoff Everdrive.</p> |
|
3111 <p><code>FRAME_MIX</code> basically is an option that … |
|
3112 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_Race">Wave Race<… |
|
3113 introducing blurriness. The reason for this is that those effects depend… |
|
3114 the fact that the Game Boy screen was slow refresh, so you could rely on… |
|
3115 rapidly changing pixels to create some interesting effects, but sadly th… |
|
3116 effects doesn't work well in modern displays.</p> |
|
3117 <p><code>GB_CLRFIX</code> is the option I mentioned be… |
|
3118 get completely wrong colors for some reason, e.g.: <a href="https://e… |
|
3119 Family</a>. Turning |
|
3120 on fixes those games, but I am not sure if this option breaks other game… |
|
3121 <p>Finally, <code>SPD</code> allows you to increase or… |
|
3122 speeding up the games (including the sound). The result can be hilarious… |
|
3123 think this is a nice addition to the features. Sadly you can't know what… |
|
3124 default speed is, so you need to rely on sound to adjust back to the def… |
|
3125 <p>So in the end, can I recommend a FPGBC? I am not sure. If you w… |
|
3126 play games, I still think something like a Miyoo Mini+ is a better choic… |
|
3127 only you will have access to more games from different platforms, you al… |
|
3128 don't need to rely on flashcards or cartridges. Also it has way more fea… |
|
3129 than FPGBC, like wireless multiplayer, |
|
3130 <a href="https://retroachievements.org/">RetroArchivements</a&g… |
|
3131 <p>But the actual reason to get a FPGBC is nostalgia, and for that… |
|
3132 FPGBC is difficult to beat. The price of the <a href="https://funnypl… |
|
3133 assemble</a> ($69.90) is cheaper than |
|
3134 most Game Boy's in good condition you can find in eBay, and you get for … |
|
3135 price a rechargable battery, an amazing quality screen, the PCB and the |
|
3136 speaker. You need to buy separately the case and the buttons, but in tot… |
|
3137 will still end up paying less, and allows you to fully customise your bu… |
|
3138 And the result device is not only in mint condition, it is really conven… |
|
3139 too: recharging batteries (via USB-C even) is much more convenient than … |
|
3140 AA batteries, and the screen not only is better but it even has backligh… |
|
3141 can also buy a fully built console for |
|
3142 <a href="https://funnyplaying.com/products/fpgbc-console">$99.00&l… |
|
3143 options of customisation.</p> |
|
3144 <p>This is the classic case of do what I say, don't do what I do. … |
|
3145 gift, and I will buy another one soon. Can't wait to play <a href="ht… |
|
3146 Gold</a> in (almost) |
|
3147 original hardware again.</p> |
|
3148 <p><a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/raw/main/posts… |
|
3149 blog</a> without I ever touching the |
|
3150 <a href="https://capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a> website. I… |
|
3151 script</a> to Go |
|
3152 (<a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/3c39e0f7cd58b1af8… |
|
3153 since my attempt to generate proper description to the RSS feed resulted… |
|
3154 slow startup times (not because of Python, but because of my usage of |
|
3155 <code>nix-shell</code> since I didn't want to deal with |
|
3156 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html">venv</a&g… |
|
3157 Python dependencies).</p> |
|
3158 <p>My previous workflow of this blog already involved me writing t… |
|
3159 <a href="https://neovim.io/">neovim</a>, copying and pasting… |
|
3160 <a href="https://capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a> website an… |
|
3161 that bad, except that it seems I have a heavy tendency of editing my pos… |
|
3162 multiple times. Copying and pasting data between neovim and the website … |
|
3163 tedious, so I decided to give up and automate the whole process.</p&g… |
|
3164 <p><a href="https://mataroa.blog/">Mataroa</a> (the bl… |
|
3165 <a href="https://capivaras.dev">capivaras.dev</a> run) has a… |
|
3166 <a href="https://mataroa.blog/api/docs/">API</a>, and it onl… |
|
3167 version of publishing working (it would take less if |
|
3168 <a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/">Django</a>, the fra… |
|
3169 not have a weird behavior with URLs missing a trailing <code>/<… |
|
3170 lines of |
|
3171 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/51b20612335c7f4312… |
|
3172 to make GitHub Actions trigger a pipeline and now I should never have to |
|
3173 manually update my blog again.</p> |
|
3174 <p>I could have not done this. I mean, I probably wasted more time… |
|
3175 automation than I actually wasted publishing manually. But the manual pr… |
|
3176 is easy to miss, and I already did multiple mistakes publishing in the m… |
|
3177 method. For example, when writing the Markdown files, each post is writt… |
|
3178 particular format, where the first header is considered the title, so I … |
|
3179 remove it from the contents during publication. But of course, this is e… |
|
3180 miss, and I had to fix this multiple times already.</p> |
|
3181 <p>So yes, I think this is a good lesson on why you should automat… |
|
3182 is more than just about <a href="https://xkcd.com/1205/">time savi… |
|
3183 reducing mistakes and even documenting (even if poorly) a process. I mea… |
|
3184 code I wrote is not that great, but I can definitely rely on it in the f… |
|
3185 to remember what I need to do. It will be much faster than trying to lea… |
|
3186 scratch again.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Go, a reasonable… |
|
3187 got the hang of it. I first got interested in the language when I was in… |
|
3188 first job, between 2016-2018. At the time the language was a completely |
|
3189 different beast: no modules, no generics, no easy way to error wrap yet,… |
|
3190 <p>Go forward 2023 (no pun indented), I wrote my <a href="https… |
|
3191 Go</a>, wrote some scripts |
|
3192 at <code>$CURRENT_JOB</code> in the language, and now wrote … |
|
3193 library</a> (with an <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/writing-n… |
|
3194 way to run |
|
3195 CI</a>). I am also |
|
3196 writing more |
|
3197 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/nix-configs/blob/8c559527ed1… |
|
3198 in the language, where I would prefer to use Bash or Python before. Heck… |
|
3199 this blog is automatically published with a <a href="https://kokada.d… |
|
3200 script</a>, |
|
3201 that used to be a <a href="https://kokada.dev/blog/using-github-as-a-… |
|
3202 one</a> before. I can |
|
3203 say that nowadays it is another language in my toolbox, and while it is … |
|
3204 love and hate relationship, recently it is more about love and less abou… |
|
3205 <p>The points that I love about Go is probably obvious for some, b… |
|
3206 interesting to talk about anyway. The fact that the language generates s… |
|
3207 binaries by default and have fast compilation times is something that I |
|
3208 apreciate since I first heard about the language, and now that I am usin… |
|
3209 language frequently, are points thatI appreciate even more. Something ab… |
|
3210 getting almost instant feedback after changing a line of code and runnin… |
|
3211 main reason why I am using the language more frequently for scripts.<… |
|
3212 <p>Then we have the fast startup times. I am kind of sensitive to … |
|
3213 especially of command line utilities that need to answer fast when I exp… |
|
3214 them to be fast (e.g.: <code>foo --help</code>). This is one… |
|
3215 issues in Python, especially for more complex programs, but in Go it is … |
|
3216 an issue.</p> |
|
3217 <p>Modules are also fantastic. It is not without its weirdness (li… |
|
3218 Go ecossystem), but the fact that it is so easy to add and manage depend… |
|
3219 in a project using only the <code>go</code> CLI is great. I … |
|
3220 hash of every dependency, making it reproducible (well, probably not at … |
|
3221 level, but still reproducible).</p> |
|
3222 <p>Since I started to talk about <code>go</code> CLI, … |
|
3223 can manage dependencies, generate documentation, format code, lint, run |
|
3224 tests/<a href="https://blog.logrocket.com/benchmarking-golang-improve… |
|
3225 check code for <a href="https://go.dev/doc/articles/race_detector">… |
|
3226 with just the &quot;compiler&quot; for the language is excelent.… |
|
3227 the best developer experiences I know in any programming language.</p… |
|
3228 <p>I will not even talk about the things that everyone talks about… |
|
3229 <a href="https://go.dev/doc/effective_go#goroutines">goroutines<… |
|
3230 think I can add anything interesting to the topic.</p> |
|
3231 <p>Now for the parts that I like less, the test part still quirks … |
|
3232 not based in assertions, but thankfully it is easy to write assertions w… |
|
3233 generics nowadays:</p> |
|
3234 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3235 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3236 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3237 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3238 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3239 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3240 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3241 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3242 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3243 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3244 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3245 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3246 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3247 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3248 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3249 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
3250 about <a href="https://github.com/stretchr/testify">testify</a&… |
|
3251 libraries, but quoting <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAAkC… |
|
3252 Pike</a> here, &quot;a little |
|
3253 copying is better than a little dependency&quot;. As long the code y… |
|
3254 trivial, it is better to duplicate the code than try to import a depende… |
|
3255 <p>About another piece of code that generics allows me to write an… |
|
3256 up re-writing in every project is the <code>must*</code> fam… |
|
3257 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3258 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3259 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3260 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3261 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3262 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3263 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3264 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3265 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3266 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3267 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3268 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3269 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3270 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3271 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3272 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3273 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3274 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
3275 want to handle each error: if I have an error, I want the program to hal… |
|
3276 print a stack trace (exactly as I would have with a language with except… |
|
3277 It basically allow me to convert code from:</p> |
|
3278 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3279 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3280 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3281 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3282 </span></span></code></pre><p>To:</p> |
|
3283 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3284 </span></span></code></pre><p>This brings … |
|
3285 something great.</p> |
|
3286 <p>Finally, for the things that I hate, well the biggest one curre… |
|
3287 of nullability (or in Go terms, |
|
3288 <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/49202">nillability<… |
|
3289 languages that has it, like Kotlin, or even something like |
|
3290 <a href="https://www.mypy-lang.org/">mypy</a>, this is one o… |
|
3291 changes the developer experience. I also still don't like the error hand… |
|
3292 (but <code>must*</code> goes far by improving the situation,… |
|
3293 it), especially because it is easy to lose context on it:</p> |
|
3294 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3295 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3296 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3297 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3298 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3299 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3300 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3301 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3302 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3303 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3304 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3305 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3306 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3307 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3308 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3309 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3310 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3311 </span></span></code></pre><p>I also have … |
|
3312 prefer immutability by default, but I find that in general as long as yo… |
|
3313 your functions at a reasonable size it is generally fine.</p> |
|
3314 <p>And for a language that is supposed to be straightforward, it i… |
|
3315 much magic the language relies on, in the form of things like <a href… |
|
3316 <code>main</code></a> packages, name capitalisation to |
|
3317 indicate visibility (<code>private</code> vs <code>Pub… |
|
3318 (e.g.: <code>foo_amd64.go</code>, <code>bar_linux.go&l… |
|
3319 etc.</p> |
|
3320 <p>I expect to write more Go code going forward. Not because it is… |
|
3321 language or whatever, but just because it a is language that has some re… |
|
3322 good qualities that makes the language attractive even with the issues t… |
|
3323 have. That makes it a reasonable good language, and at least for me this… |
|
3324 good enough.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Quick bits: nix-sh… |
|
3325 ecosystem work, I just wanted to get it to run.</p> |
|
3326 <p>The easiest way to get a script to run if you use Nix is to use… |
|
3327 many of you probably know, you can add <code>nix-shell</code>… |
|
3328 to run them as <code>./script</code>. This was a PHP script … |
|
3329 Easy right?</p> |
|
3330 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3331 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3332 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3333 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3334 </span></span></code></pre><p>And:</p&g… |
|
3335 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3336 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3337 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
3338 script if used. I removed <code>declare(strict_types=1)</code&g… |
|
3339 I don't have enough expertise in PHP to know if this would be safe or no… |
|
3340 <p>I decided to try something that initially looked really dumb:&l… |
|
3341 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3342 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3343 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3344 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3345 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
3346 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3347 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3348 </span></span></span></code></pre><p>… |
|
3349 <p>Eventually I found this |
|
3350 <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issues/2570#issuecomment-446220… |
|
3351 Nix issue talking about cases where <code>nix-shell</code> s… |
|
3352 like the classic case of a <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/issu… |
|
3353 feature</a>.</p> |
|
3354 <p><em>Update:</em> after posting this in |
|
3355 <a href="https://lobste.rs/s/gkcgza/quick_bits_nix_shell_is_cursed"&g… |
|
3356 someone decided to open a <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nix/pull/… |
|
3357 Request</a> to document this behavior. |
|
3358 Also the equivalent for the new <a href="https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2… |
|
3359 CLI</a> |
|
3360 explicitly documents this behavior:</p> |
|
3361 <blockquote> |
|
3362 <p>Note that the <code>#! nix</code> lines don't need … |
|
3363 accomodate other interpreters.</p> |
|
3364 </blockquote></summary></entry><entry><title>Using GitHub as a (ba… |
|
3365 <a href="https://gluer.org/">@ratsclub</a> to give me free a… |
|
3366 <a href="https://capivaras.dev/">capivaras.dev</a>. But cons… |
|
3367 platform is supposed to be, I want to have at least somewhere to have a … |
|
3368 of my posts. I know <a href="https://mataroa.blog/">Mataroa</a&… |
|
3369 <a href="https://capivaras.dev/">capivaras.dev</a> runs, has… |
|
3370 I want something more reliable.</p> |
|
3371 <p>I am writing all my posts in Markdown (the format that <a hr… |
|
3372 supports</a>) files inside |
|
3373 <a href="https://neovim.io/">neovim</a> anyway, so why not s… |
|
3374 Git? So this is what I did, I now have an unofficial mirror in |
|
3375 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog">GitHub</a>.&l… |
|
3376 <p>While I am here, why not overcomplicate? Can I make an usable b… |
|
3377 from GitHub? And by that I don't mean GitHub pages, the repository itsel… |
|
3378 mean, it already renders Markdown files by default, so no need to do any… |
|
3379 in that space. To reach feature parity with |
|
3380 <a href="https://capivaras.dev/">capivaras.dev</a>, I only n… |
|
3381 (since comments are not supported anyway). No need for newsletter since … |
|
3382 has a <a href="https://docs.github.com/en/account-and-profile/managin… |
|
3383 feature</a> |
|
3384 already.</p> |
|
3385 <p>After a couple of hours hacking a Python script, you can see th… |
|
3386 monstrosity <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog">here<… |
|
3387 <code>gen_blog.py</code>, is available at the same repositor… |
|
3388 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/c8986d1ab1b94c0986… |
|
3389 It automatically generates an index at |
|
3390 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/main/README.md">… |
|
3391 each blog post and a |
|
3392 <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/thiagokokada/blog/main/rss… |
|
3393 file at the root of the repository.</p> |
|
3394 <p>Instead of trying to explain the code, I am going to explain th… |
|
3395 because I think that if you want to replicate this idea it is better to … |
|
3396 it in a way that you understand. It shouldn't take more than 2 hours in … |
|
3397 decent programming language. But if you really want, the script itself is |
|
3398 licensed in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTFPL">WTFPL<… |
|
3399 uses Python 3's standard library and should work in any relatively recent |
|
3400 version (anything newer than 3.9 should work).</p> |
|
3401 <p>So the idea is basically to organise the repository and the Mar… |
|
3402 easy way that makes it trivial to parse in a deterministic way. For exam… |
|
3403 repository is organised in the following way:</p> |
|
3404 <pre><code>. |
|
3405 ├── 2024-07-26 |
|
3406 │ ├── 01-writing-nixos-tests-for-fun-and-profit.md |
|
3407 │ └── 02-using-github-as-a-bad-blog-platform.md &lt;- this… |
|
3408 ├── gen_blog.py |
|
3409 ├── README.md |
|
3410 └── rss.xml |
|
3411 </code></pre> |
|
3412 <p>Each day that you write a new blog post will be on its own dire… |
|
3413 nice because Markdown files may include extra files than the posts thems… |
|
3414 e.g.: images, and this organisation make it trivial to organise everythi… |
|
3415 <p>Each post has its own Markdown file. I put a two digit number b… |
|
3416 to ensure that when publishing multiple posts at the same day I keep the… |
|
3417 the same order of publishing. But if you don't care about it, you can ju… |
|
3418 the files whatever you want.</p> |
|
3419 <p>Also, I am assuming that each Markdown file has a header starti… |
|
3420 and that is the title of the blog post.</p> |
|
3421 <p>Using the above organisation, I have this function that scrapes… |
|
3422 and collect the necessary information to generate the index and RSS file… |
|
3423 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3424 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3425 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3426 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3427 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3428 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3429 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3430 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3431 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3432 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3433 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3434 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3435 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3436 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3437 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3438 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3439 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3440 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3441 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3442 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3443 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3444 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3445 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3446 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3447 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3448 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3449 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3450 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3451 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3452 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3453 </span></span></code></pre><p>Some interes… |
|
3454 is a draft post, and ignore it from my scraper. I added a bunch of <c… |
|
3455 prints to make sure that the me in the future doesn't do anything dumb. … |
|
3456 sorting in reverse since reverse chronological order is the one most peo… |
|
3457 expect in blogs (i.e.: more recent blog posts at top).</p> |
|
3458 <p>After running the function above, I have a resulting dictionary… |
|
3459 to generate either a <code>README.md</code> file or Markdown… |
|
3460 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3461 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3462 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3463 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3464 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3465 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3466 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3467 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3468 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3469 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3470 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3471 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3472 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3473 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3474 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3475 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3476 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3477 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3478 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3479 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3480 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3481 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3482 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3483 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3484 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3485 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3486 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3487 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3488 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3489 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3490 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3491 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3492 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3493 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3494 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3495 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3496 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3497 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3498 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3499 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3500 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3501 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3502 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3503 </span></span></code></pre><p>To publish a… |
|
3504 <blockquote> |
|
3505 <p>README.md` at the root of the repository, and see the magic hap… |
|
3506 </blockquote> |
|
3507 <p>It works much better than I initially anticipated. The <code… |
|
3508 populated with the titles and links. The RSS is kind of empty since it h… |
|
3509 description, but it seems to work fine (at least in |
|
3510 <a href="https://www.inoreader.com/">Inoreader</a>, my RSS r… |
|
3511 probably fill the post description with more information if I really wan… |
|
3512 it is enough for now (update: it is working now, you just need to render… |
|
3513 Markdown as HTML and escape the tags; |
|
3514 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/9506051cc3d49f2033… |
|
3515 for the updated script). Not sure who is that interested in my writing t… |
|
3516 will want to use this RSS feed instead the one available in |
|
3517 <a href="https://kokada.capivaras.dev/rss/">capivaras.dev</a>… |
|
3518 <p>Also, while I am using GitHub here, the same idea would work in… |
|
3519 sr.ht or whatever. As long as your source hub supports Markdown files it… |
|
3520 work.</p> |
|
3521 <p>So that is it. I am not saying this is a good idea for your pri… |
|
3522 platform or whatever, and I still prefer to publish to a platform that d… |
|
3523 track users or have tons of JavaScript or whatever. But if you want a ba… |
|
3524 your posts and you are already writing Markdown anyway, well, there are … |
|
3525 ways to do it I think.</p> |
|
3526 <p><em>Update:</em> I rewrote the script again using Go |
|
3527 (<a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/blog/blob/3ece3853e7dd32977… |
|
3528 The reason for it is because when I started rendering Markdown (for |
|
3529 descriptions) the Python version got quite slow (not the fault of Python |
|
3530 itself, mostly because of the usage of <code>nix-shell</code>… |
|
3531 something that Go doesn't need). Took about half an hour, showing how ea… |
|
3532 is to do the same.</p></summary></entry><entry><title>Writing NixO… |
|
3533 project</a> writing an IPC library in |
|
3534 Go for <a href="https://hyprland.org/">Hyprland</a>, a Windo… |
|
3535 <p>Once I got past the Work-in-Progress phase, I realise I had an … |
|
3536 some tests, but I was running then inside my system running Hyprland. An… |
|
3537 tests themselves were annoying: since they send commands to the current … |
|
3538 Hyprland instance, I was having programs being opened and settings being |
|
3539 changed, because this was the only way to have a reasonable good confide… |
|
3540 that what I was doing was correct. So I need to do like any good develop… |
|
3541 implement a CI, but how?</p> |
|
3542 <p>One approach would be to create something like a mock client an… |
|
3543 my mock. Since this mock wouldn't need a running Hyprland instance the t… |
|
3544 could run everywhere (even in non-Linux systems!), but they wouldn't be … |
|
3545 useful. Mocks are great for testing business logic, but not really for m… |
|
3546 sure everything is working correctly.</p> |
|
3547 <p>I need something more akin to an integration test, but this is … |
|
3548 not like I am doing integration with e.g.: PostgreSQL that has thousands… |
|
3549 libraries available to make integration tests easier, I am doing integra… |
|
3550 with a Window Manager that is a moving target with multiple breaking cha… |
|
3551 each release. And this is where NixOS tests enter, a way to run tests in… |
|
3552 Virtual Machines configured in Nix.</p> |
|
3553 <p>I am a long time NixOS user and commiter, but I never wrote a N… |
|
3554 outside of <a href="https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs">nixpkgs</… |
|
3555 it was possible, and after doing a quick reading of the <a href="http… |
|
3556 entry</a> about it, I was ready to |
|
3557 start.</p> |
|
3558 <p>The first part is to call <code>pkgs.testers.runNixOSTest… |
|
3559 as any other NixOS system, e.g.:</p> |
|
3560 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3561 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3562 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3563 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3564 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3565 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3566 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3567 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3568 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3569 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3570 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3571 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3572 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3573 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3574 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3575 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3576 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3577 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3578 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3579 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3580 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3581 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3582 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3583 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3584 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3585 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3586 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3587 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3588 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3589 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3590 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3591 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3592 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3593 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3594 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3595 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3596 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3597 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3598 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3599 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3600 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3601 </span></span></code></pre><p>A few detail… |
|
3602 is to setup things like a normal user account, add some extra packages w… |
|
3603 for testing, add Hyprland itself and configure auto-login. I have no ide… |
|
3604 painful it would be to automatise all those steps in e.g.: Ansible, but … |
|
3605 are in a few lines of Nix code. This is, of course, thanks to all the |
|
3606 contributors to nixpkgs that implement something that help their own use… |
|
3607 but once combined make it greater than the sum of the parts.</p> |
|
3608 <p>Second is something that I took a while to figure out: how to e… |
|
3609 acceleration inside the VM. You see, Hyprland, different from other Wind… |
|
3610 Managers, requires OpenGL support. This is basically why the flag <co… |
|
3611 rendering via LLVMPipe, that while being slow since it is rendered in CP… |
|
3612 sufficient for this case.</p> |
|
3613 <p>Putting the above code inside a |
|
3614 <a href="https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/Flakes"><code>flake.nix… |
|
3615 something similar to:</p> |
|
3616 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3617 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3618 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3619 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3620 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3621 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3622 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3623 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3624 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3625 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3626 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3627 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3628 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3629 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3630 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3631 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3632 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3633 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3634 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3635 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3636 </span></span></code></pre><p>I can now ru… |
|
3637 VM. However it is not really useful right now, since we didn't add any u… |
|
3638 code in <code>testScript</code>, the core of the NixOS test … |
|
3639 <code>nix build .#checks.x86_64-linux.testVm.driverInteractive<… |
|
3640 <code>./result/bin/nixos-test-driver</code>: this will start… |
|
3641 manually play with the VM (try typing <code>start_all()</code&g… |
|
3642 <p>The <code>testScript</code> is a sequence of Python… |
|
3643 actions, such as starting VMs, executing commands in the VMs, and so on.… |
|
3644 about it in the official |
|
3645 <a href="https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-nixos-t… |
|
3646 For our case we can start with something like this:</p> |
|
3647 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3648 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3649 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3650 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3651 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3652 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3653 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3654 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3655 </span></span></code></pre><p>The first st… |
|
3656 one, called <code>machine</code>. We send two further comman… |
|
3657 <code>wait_for_unit(&quot;multi-user.target&quot;)</cod… |
|
3658 <code>wait_for_file(&quot;/home/alice/test-finished&quot;)… |
|
3659 <p>The first command waits until systemd's <code>multi-user.… |
|
3660 way to ensure that the system is ready for further commands. The second … |
|
3661 wait for a file called <code>test-finished</code> to appear … |
|
3662 a canary), but how can we generate this file?</p> |
|
3663 <p>Remember that we added <code>programs.bash.loginShellInit… |
|
3664 automatically starts Hyprland when Alice logs in. We need to modify that |
|
3665 command to run the Go tests from our library. The good thing is that Hyp… |
|
3666 configuration file supports a |
|
3667 <a href="https://wiki.hyprland.org/Configuring/Keywords/#executing"&g… |
|
3668 command that runs a command during Hyprland launch. We can abuse this to… |
|
3669 a terminal emulator and run our tests:</p> |
|
3670 <pre class="chroma"><code><span class="line"><span … |
|
3671 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3672 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3673 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3674 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3675 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3676 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3677 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3678 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3679 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3680 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3681 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3682 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3683 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3684 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3685 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3686 </span></span></span><span class="line"><span… |
|
3687 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"&g… |
|
3688 </span></span></code></pre><p>So we are ba… |
|
3689 <a href="https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/">Kitty</a> termina… |
|
3690 a shell script that runs the test. Since we have no way to get the resul… |
|
3691 the test, we pipe the output to a file that we can collect later (e.g.: |
|
3692 <code>machine.succeded(&quot;cat /home/alice/test.log&quot… |
|
3693 create the canary file <code>$HOME/test-finished</code>, tha… |
|
3694 knows that the test finished and it can destroy the VM safely.</p> |
|
3695 <p>If you want to take a look at the final result, it is |
|
3696 <a href="https://github.com/thiagokokada/hyprland-go/blob/v0.0.1/flak… |
|
3697 tests run in any Linux machine that supports KVM, and also works in <… |
|
3698 Actions</a> |
|
3699 thanks to the the |
|
3700 <a href="https://github.com/DeterminateSystems/nix-installer-action"&… |
|
3701 <p>And now I have a proper CI pipeline in a way that I never imagi… |
|
3702 |
