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jcs.org.atom.xml (113525B) |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/200… |
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2 <a href="/2021/01/27/x1nano">X1 Nano</a> |
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3 and learning that all future Intel “Evo”-branded laptops would lack … |
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4 I started thinking about returning to my M1 MacBook full-time or buildin… |
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5 OpenBSD desktop. |
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6 I chose the latter, building my first desktop machine in many years.<… |
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7 |
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8 <p><img src="/images/2021-07-19-hero-665x246.jpg" src… |
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9 |
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10 <h2 class="no_toc" id="table-of-contents">Tabl… |
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11 |
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12 <ol id="markdown-toc"> |
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13 <li><a href="#architecture" id="markdown-toc-a… |
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14 <li><a href="#monitor" id="markdown-toc-monito… |
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15 <li><a href="#case" id="markdown-toc-case"… |
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16 <li><a href="#cpu-and-motherboard" id="markdow… |
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17 <li><a href="#ram-and-ssd" id="markdown-toc-ra… |
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18 <li><a href="#keyboard-and-mouse" id="markdown… |
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19 <li><a href="#openbsd" id="markdown-toc-openbs… |
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20 <li><a href="#temperatures" id="markdown-toc-t… |
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21 </ol> |
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22 |
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23 <h2 id="architecture">Architecture</h2> |
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24 |
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25 <p>I briefly considered an arm64 CPU and motherboard, but the hard… |
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26 OpenBSD/arm64 is not yet reliable enough for my daily use and the lead-t… |
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27 ordering a |
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28 <a href="https://twitter.com/bluerise/status/1352587849359568898… |
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29 was many weeks out.</p> |
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30 |
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31 <p>I decided to go with an amd64 system since the OpenBSD/amd64 pl… |
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32 mature and I know it quite well. |
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33 Beyond that, my only requirements for my new desktop were:</p> |
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34 |
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35 <ul> |
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36 <li>Excellent OpenBSD support</li> |
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37 <li>Fanless with no coil whine</li> |
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38 <li>A high-resolution, small monitor (more on that later)</li… |
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39 </ul> |
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40 |
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41 <p>Ever since reading |
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42 <a href="https://fabiensanglard.net/the_beautiful_machine/index.… |
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43 about building a system with a |
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44 <a href="https://streacom.com/products/db4-fanless-mini-itx-case… |
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45 I knew I wanted that case in particular since it looks beautiful and cou… |
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46 passively cool a 65W processor.</p> |
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47 |
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48 <h2 id="monitor">Monitor</h2> |
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49 |
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50 <p>After the case, the next component I chose was the monitor. |
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51 In retrospect, this would make everything else more complicated, but I a… |
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52 picky about the screens in the laptops that I buy, so I wanted to make s… |
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53 desktop display was of high quality.</p> |
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54 |
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55 <p>I’ve always chosen smaller (&lt;= 14”) laptop screens s… |
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56 horizontal space disorienting. |
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57 I prefer to separate tasks with virtual desktops rather than have everyt… |
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58 one giant screen. |
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59 I wanted a smaller monitor that I could have closer to me, lower on my d… |
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60 angled slightly upward like a laptop screen.</p> |
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61 |
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62 <p>In addition to good image reproduction, I needed a monitor with… |
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63 resolution that could display Firefox in 1.5x or 2x mode |
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64 (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">layo… |
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65 While not an absolute requirement, integrated speakers would be a nice o… |
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66 the monitor so I wouldn’t have to buy separate ones and find a place f… |
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67 my desk.</p> |
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68 |
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69 <p>After some research, I chose the |
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70 <a href="https://www.lg.com/us/monitors/lg-22MD4KA-B-4k-uhd-led-… |
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71 monitor</a> |
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72 with a resolution of 4096x2304. |
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73 This particular version of the LG UltraFine is no longer being produced,… |
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74 newer 24” version was larger but had a smaller resolution (3840x2160),… |
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75 newer 5K model (5120x2880) requires Thunderbolt. |
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76 I found a 21.5” version on eBay that was in great condition in the ori… |
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77 |
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78 <p>Since the LG UltraFine had a VESA mount option, I purchased an |
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79 <a href="https://amzn.to/3ivzmgP">Ergotron LX monitor ar… |
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80 to be able to position the monitor however I wanted on my desk.</p> |
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81 |
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82 <p><a href="/images/2021-07-19-monitor_arm-large.jpg"… |
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83 |
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84 <p>After some testing with the monitor once I got it, I realized t… |
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85 a desktop system might be difficult because it uses a single USB-C |
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86 (non-Thunderbolt) cable for its display and audio, but it also has a 3-p… |
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87 USB-C hub on the back of it and its brightness controls and ambient ligh… |
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88 also connect over that single USB-C cable.</p> |
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89 |
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90 <p>This all works by using the USB-C cable for data as usual but i… |
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91 screen data over |
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92 <a href="https://www.benq.com/en-us/knowledge-center/knowledge/u… |
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93 using dedicated pins of the USB-C cable (“Alt Mode”). |
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94 This requires that the computer it’s connecting to have a USB-C port t… |
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95 break out those pins and route them to the DisplayPort signal of the GPU… |
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96 also handling the data devices of the USB-C connection. |
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97 Using an external GPU (“video card” back in my day) would be difficu… |
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98 even if it had a USB-C connector (most just have HDMI and/or DisplayPort… |
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99 would need to somehow route the data from that cable back to the compute… |
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100 data since the GPU is only talking DisplayPort.</p> |
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101 |
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102 <p>I didn’t quite figure out how to do all of this until after I… |
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103 purchased the motherboard and CPU, but eventually I got it working using… |
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104 <a href="https://dancharblog.wordpress.com/2020/07/20/add-usb-c-… |
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105 upd2018</a> |
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106 card (actually a Dell-branded version of it) which is a PCI USB-C card w… |
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107 DisplayPort-out port. |
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108 The monitor’s USB-C cable is plugged into the PCI card, which then bre… |
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109 the DisplayPort out to an external connector and the USB-C data routes t… |
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110 the PCI connection as a normal USB-C card. |
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111 Then a |
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112 <a href="https://amzn.to/3ipjCvD">short DisplayPort cabl… |
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113 is used to connect between the PCI card and the motherboard/GPU DisplayP… |
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114 connector.</p> |
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115 |
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116 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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117 usb0 at xhci0: USB revision 3.0 |
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118 uhub0 at usb0 configuration 1 interface 0 "ASMedia xHCI root hub&qu… |
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119 </code></pre></div></div> |
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120 |
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121 <p>The monitor’s brightness controls and ambient light sensor ar… |
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122 USB HID devices, and its integrated speakers work through <code class… |
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123 |
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124 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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125 uhub6 at uhub5 port 4 configuration 1 interface 0 "LG USA product 0… |
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126 uaudio0 at uhub6 port 1 configuration 1 interface 1 "LG Electronics… |
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127 uaudio0: class v1, high-speed, sync, channels: 2 play, 0 rec, 3 ctls |
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128 audio1 at uaudio0 |
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129 uhub6: device problem, disabling port 2 |
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130 uhidev0 at uhub6 port 4 configuration 1 interface 0 "LG Electronics… |
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131 uhidev0: iclass 3/0 |
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132 uhid0 at uhidev0: input=64, output=64, feature=8 |
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133 uhidev1 at uhub6 port 4 configuration 1 interface 1 "LG Electronics… |
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134 uhidev1: iclass 3/0 |
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135 uhid1 at uhidev1: input=4, output=0, feature=6 |
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136 uhidev2 at uhub6 port 4 configuration 1 interface 2 "LG Electronics… |
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137 uhidev2: iclass 3/0 |
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138 uhid2 at uhidev2: input=6, output=0, feature=13 |
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139 </code></pre></div></div> |
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140 |
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141 <p>I’m still not sure why that port 2 gets disabled on the monit… |
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142 (not the 3-port hub on the back of it) but it doesn’t seem to affect a… |
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143 |
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144 <h2 id="case">Case</h2> |
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145 |
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146 <p>I already had my heart set on the |
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147 <a href="https://www.quietpcusa.com/Streacom-DB4-Fanless-Chassis… |
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148 case</a>, |
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149 though I waffled a bit between the black and titanium colors before choo… |
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150 black. |
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151 The case as-is can dissipate enough heat for a 65W processor, though Str… |
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152 offers a separate heat-pipe add-on that can support up to 110W.</p> |
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153 |
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154 <p>I purchased a |
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155 <a href="https://www.quietpcusa.com/Streacom-ST-ZF240-ZeroFlex-2… |
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156 PSU</a> |
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157 because it was also fanless. |
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158 I’ve used a |
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159 <a href="https://www.quietpcusa.com/Streacom-160W-nanoPSU-and-AC… |
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160 before but heard coil whine from it so I didn’t want to go that route … |
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161 |
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162 <p>I didn’t quite appreciate how large and heavy the DB4 case is… |
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163 Fully assembled with everything in it, it weighs over 20 pounds and has a |
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164 footprint of 10”x10”x11”.</p> |
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165 |
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166 <p>The main bulk of the case is held up 2” off the surface by tw… |
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167 only leaves 2” between the motherboard and my table. |
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168 This makes it a bit difficult to plug in certain cables like a DisplayPo… |
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169 with a large connector, but my desk has a grommet in the corner where th… |
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170 sits so the majority of the cables can pass straight down through the de… |
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171 |
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172 <p><a href="/images/2021-07-19-bottom-large.jpg">&… |
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173 |
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174 <h2 id="cpu-and-motherboard">CPU and Motherboard</h2&… |
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175 |
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176 <p>Since I’ve been pretty unhappy with Intel products lately, I … |
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177 an AMD processor. |
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178 I’ve never had one before so I wasn’t very familiar with the lineup,… |
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179 wanted one with integrated graphics to avoid buying an external GPU sinc… |
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180 wouldn’t have room with the DisplayPort/USB-C card and because most ex… |
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181 GPUs put out a ton of heat and/or have fans. |
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182 I also needed a processor with a TDP of 65W or less to stay under the St… |
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183 case’s limits.</p> |
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184 |
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185 <p><a href="/images/2021-07-19-ryzen-large.jpg">&l… |
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186 |
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187 <p>I decided on the AMD Ryzen 7 Pro 4750G 4Ghz 8-core processor wi… |
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188 Radeon Graphics. |
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189 Technically this CPU is not supposed to be sold to end-users, but it’s |
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190 <a href="https://amzn.to/36M6dbH">available on Amazon<… |
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191 which was good enough for me.</p> |
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192 |
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193 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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194 cpu0: FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,… |
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195 cpu0: 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way D-cache, 512KB 64… |
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196 cpu0: ITLB 64 4KB entries fully associative, 64 4MB entries fully associ… |
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197 cpu0: DTLB 64 4KB entries fully associative, 64 4MB entries fully associ… |
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198 [...] |
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199 cpu15 at mainbus0: apid 15 (application processor) |
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200 cpu15: AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750G with Radeon Graphics, 4000.01 MHz, 17-60-01 |
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201 [...] |
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202 </code></pre></div></div> |
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203 |
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204 <p>Once I had the CPU picked out, I looked for a motherboard. |
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205 I’ve been out of the custom PC game for many years, but I was disappoi… |
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206 how every non-server motherboard seems to be targeted towards gamers wit… |
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207 kinds of stupid flashing LEDs and aggressive branding. |
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208 Beyond supporting the AM4-socketed Ryzen 4750G, my requirements for the |
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209 motherboard were just that it have Intel gigabit ethernet (for optimum O… |
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210 support), at least one M.2 socket for an NVMe drive, and have both HDMI … |
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211 case) and DisplayPort ports.</p> |
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212 |
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213 <p>Eventually I settled on the |
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214 <a href="https://amzn.to/3kx6APl">ASUS ROG Strix X570-I&… |
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215 The stupid RGB LEDs can be disabled in the BIOS/firmware menu by setting… |
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216 to “Stealth Mode”, and I unplugged the two 1” fans on the I/O boar… |
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217 everything silent. |
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218 I also had to set the “CPU Fan Speed” in the “Monitor” section t… |
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219 else it would indicate a fan error at every boot since I had none plugge… |
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220 |
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221 <p>While I don’t intend to use them, its onboard WiFi and sound … |
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222 OpenBSD:</p> |
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223 |
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224 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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225 [...] |
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226 azalia1 at pci10 dev 0 function 6 "AMD 17h/1xh HD Audio" rev 0… |
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227 azalia1: codecs: Realtek ALC1220 |
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228 audio0 at azalia1 |
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229 </code></pre></div></div> |
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230 |
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231 <p>As does its ethernet port:</p> |
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232 |
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233 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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234 </code></pre></div></div> |
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235 |
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236 <h2 id="ram-and-ssd">RAM and SSD</h2> |
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237 |
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238 <p>I purchased |
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239 <a href="https://amzn.to/3BeCqXf">Crucial 16Gb DDR4 3200… |
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240 in a single DIMM in case I want to upgrade to 32Gb later. |
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241 Again, what’s with all the RGB lighting and over-the-top heatsinks on … |
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242 “gamer” RAM chips?</p> |
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243 |
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244 <p>I installed a Samsung 980 Pro 1Tb NVMe SSD which I already had. |
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245 The ASUS motherboard has two m.2 slots; one on the top which is undernea… |
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246 large heatsink, and one on the bottom of the motherboard.</p> |
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247 |
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248 <h2 id="keyboard-and-mouse">Keyboard and Mouse</h2> |
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249 |
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250 <p>I’m not big into mechanical keyboards (aside from the one on … |
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251 <a href="https://jcs.org/2018/03/20/dolch64">Dolch PAC 6… |
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252 but after seeing |
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253 <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPVboP_Fvgo">LG… |
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254 about the |
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255 <a href="https://www.pcgamingrace.com/products/glorious-gmmk-pro… |
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256 Pro</a> |
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257 75% keyboard, I decided to go with that one for my desktop. |
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258 I like that it’s very solid and small, but still includes arrow keys a… |
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259 rotary knob. |
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260 I also share LGR’s opinion that the Glorious branding is stupid and |
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261 over-the-top, but luckily it’s just on the bottom of the keyboard so I… |
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262 had to see it once taking it out of the box.</p> |
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263 |
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264 <p>I opted for a black shell, aluminum switch plate, lubed (lol) G… |
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265 switches, and a |
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266 <a href="https://pimpmykeyboard.com/dsa-dolch-keyset-two-shot/&q… |
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267 that I already had from years back.</p> |
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268 |
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269 <p><a href="/images/2021-07-19-keyboard-large.jpg">… |
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270 |
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271 <p>The switches have a nice tactile feel without being too loud. |
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272 Also as Clint noted in his video, the space bar occasionally sticks. |
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273 I’m not sure if this will fix itself over time.</p> |
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274 |
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275 <p>Configuration of the keys and lighting of the keyboard has to b… |
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276 <a href="https://www.pcgamingrace.com/pages/glorious-core?core=G… |
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277 software</a>, |
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278 so I booted to my Windows-on-a-USB-stick and installed it. |
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279 As with the motherboard, I disabled all RGB lighting on the |
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280 keyboard. |
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281 It would have been nice to have a subtle white backlighting on the keys … |
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282 laptops, but the GMMK Pro’s white RGB lights look blue when at a low b… |
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283 I reconfigured the keymap to put a permanent Control key where Caps Lock… |
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284 is (as I would do otherwise with <code class="language-plaintext… |
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285 corner, although I rarely need it.</p> |
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286 |
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287 <p>I will probably need to get a wrist rest because my wrists hurt… |
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288 couple days of typing on it due to the height of the keys. |
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289 I’m used to typing on laptop keyboards which are only a few millimeter… |
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290 the surface of my desk, so my wrists are usually at a much flatter angle. |
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291 For this reason I’ve also been using a |
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292 <a href="https://amzn.to/3xSq05i">ThinkPad Compact USB K… |
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293 which feels just like a ThinkPad. |
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294 My only complaint about this keyboard is that the plastic case can be cr… |
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295 times. |
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296 If someone could reproduce the case in aluminum, I’d pay you many doll… |
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297 |
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298 <center> |
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299 <a href="/images/2021-07-19-thinkpad-large.jpg"><img … |
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300 <a href="/images/2021-07-19-mice-large.jpg"><img src=… |
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301 </center> |
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302 |
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303 <p>As for my mouse, I’m not a gamer so I don’t need something … |
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304 it. |
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305 I had been using a |
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306 <a href="https://amzn.to/2Un65Nq">Lenovo N50 wireless mo… |
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307 for many years with my laptop and I like its design a lot, but its mouse… |
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308 and especially its scroll wheel click are very loud. |
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309 I recently switched to a |
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310 <a href="https://amzn.to/3isJmYf">Logitech M355</a> |
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311 because it’s nearly silent. |
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312 It uses a wireless USB dongle which I have plugged into the back of the … |
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313 |
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314 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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315 uhidev2: iclass 3/1 |
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316 ums1 at uhidev2: 16 buttons, Z and W dir |
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317 wsmouse1 at ums1 mux 0 |
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318 uhidev3 at uhub5 port 2 configuration 1 interface 1 "Logitech USB R… |
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319 uhidev3: iclass 3/0, 17 report ids |
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320 uhid5 at uhidev3 reportid 3: input=4, output=0, feature=0 |
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321 uhidpp0 at uhidev3 reportid 16 device 1 mouse "M355" serial e6… |
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322 </code></pre></div></div> |
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323 |
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324 <p>Its battery status is available via the <code class="la… |
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325 |
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326 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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327 hw.sensors.uhidpp0.raw0=4 (battery levels) |
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328 hw.sensors.uhidpp0.percent0=90.00% (battery level), OK |
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329 </code></pre></div></div> |
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330 |
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331 <p>My mousepad is some very thin piece of cloth/rubber that I don�… |
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332 I got, but I like it because it’s quiet and has no logos on it.</p&… |
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333 |
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334 <h2 id="openbsd">OpenBSD</h2> |
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335 |
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336 <p>Of course my system wouldn’t be usable to me if I couldn’t … |
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337 |
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338 <p>When I first booted OpenBSD on the system, once the <code cl… |
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339 over from <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"… |
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340 monitor connected). |
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341 After playing with random BIOS options, I discovered that the BIOS’s C… |
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342 to be enabled for some reason. |
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343 Even though the system still boots via EFI instead of legacy booting thr… |
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344 CSM, having the CSM enabled does something not-yet-understood that enabl… |
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345 video to work properly.</p> |
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346 |
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347 <p>This would get the system to boot, but the LG UltraFine display… |
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348 (though the backlight was still on) once <code class="language-p… |
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349 I SSH’d in and did an <code class="language-plaintext highligh… |
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350 4096x2304@60Hz to 4096x2304@48Hz. |
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351 I’m not sure if this is a bandwidth issue somewhere between the GPU, t… |
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352 DisplayPort, the cable, or some software issue. |
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353 To work around this, I added a |
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354 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/openbsd-src/commit/e529589c95e80… |
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355 to prefer the 4096x2304@48Hz rate in the monitor’s EDID.</p> |
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356 |
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357 <p>Since the LG UltraFine exposes a USB HID device to control its … |
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358 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/openbsd-src/commit/c42e01c96df77… |
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359 to attach to it and expose the brightness adjustment through <code cl… |
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360 display.brightness</code>.</p> |
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361 |
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362 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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363 ulguf0 at uhub6 port 4 configuration 1 interface 0 "LG Electronics … |
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364 |
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365 $ wsconsctl display.brightness |
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366 display.brightness=50.00% |
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367 $ wsconsctl display.brightness=20 |
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368 display.brightness -&gt; 20.00% |
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369 </code></pre></div></div> |
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370 |
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371 <p>I still need to add support for reading the ambient light senso… |
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372 through <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"&… |
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373 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/xdimmer">xdimmer</a&g… |
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374 to automatically dim the screen at night.</p> |
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375 |
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376 <p>To route sound through the monitor’s speakers by default, I h… |
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377 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">rsnd/… |
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378 |
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379 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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380 uaudio0 at uhub6 port 1 configuration 1 interface 1 "LG Electronics… |
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381 uaudio0: class v1, high-speed, sync, channels: 2 play, 0 rec, 3 ctls |
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382 audio1 at uaudio0 |
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383 |
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384 $ grep sndiod_flags /etc/rc.conf.local |
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385 sndiod_flags=-f rsnd/1 |
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386 </code></pre></div></div> |
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387 |
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388 <p>Since some people have asked, the window manager shown in my ph… |
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389 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/sdorfehs">sdorfehs</a… |
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390 which is a fork of ratpoison.</p> |
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391 |
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392 <p>Other than the quirks with my monitor, OpenBSD works well on th… |
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393 and CPU.</p> |
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394 |
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395 <h2 id="temperatures">Temperatures</h2> |
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396 |
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397 <p>CPU temperature can be monitored in OpenBSD with the <code c… |
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398 |
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399 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
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400 hw.sensors.ksmn0.temp0=54.25 degC |
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401 </code></pre></div></div> |
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402 |
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403 <p>Through a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-r… |
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404 temperature tops out at about 90 °C with the case reaching about 45 °C |
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405 (113 °F). |
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406 The hottest point is, of course, where the heat pipes attach to the case… |
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407 |
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408 <center> |
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409 <a href="/images/2021-07-19-flir-large.jpg"><img src=… |
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410 </center></content><author><name></name></author><category term="h… |
|
411 <a href="https://jcs.org/2019/05/03/mailstation">Cidco M… |
|
412 Z80 computer which adds the ability to use WiFi for data transfer, code |
|
413 uploading, and to act as a WiFi modem for my |
|
414 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/msTERM">msTERM</a> |
|
415 terminal emulator.</p> |
|
416 |
|
417 <p><img src="/images/2021-04-23-hero-665x182.jpg" src… |
|
418 |
|
419 |
|
420 |
|
421 <p class="alert"><strong>Note:</strong> For … |
|
422 <a href="/wifistation">WiFiStation</a> |
|
423 pages.</p> |
|
424 |
|
425 <h2 id="background">Background</h2> |
|
426 |
|
427 <p>In 2019, I |
|
428 <a href="https://jcs.org/2019/05/03/mailstation#creating-msterm&… |
|
429 for the MailStation called msTERM which made it possible to dial into BB… |
|
430 with the MailStation’s built-in modem. |
|
431 While this was a fun project and allowed me to dial into to |
|
432 <a href="//klud.ge/">my own BBS</a>, |
|
433 the novelty soon wore off and I returned to using telnet and SSH.</p&… |
|
434 |
|
435 <p>Last year, someone asked me if the MailStation could be used as… |
|
436 processor similar to the |
|
437 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaSmart">Alpha… |
|
438 I told them such software could be written but it would be difficult to … |
|
439 since the only<sup id="fnref:0" role="doc-noteref"… |
|
440 through its modem or a |
|
441 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LapLink_cable">pa… |
|
442 both of which are difficult to use since most people don’t have landli… |
|
443 anymore and similarly, most computers don’t have parallel ports anymor… |
|
444 |
|
445 <p>While I had recently created a |
|
446 <a href="/2020/03/31/mailstation_usb">USB adapter</a&… |
|
447 to eliminate the need for a parallel cable, I thought it might be useful… |
|
448 a WiFi interface instead. |
|
449 This would allow msTERM to “dial” out over telnet instead of its mod… |
|
450 like the myriad of |
|
451 <a href="/2017/06/23/wifi232">WiFi modem serial adapters… |
|
452 while also providing a simple web interface where users could upload fil… |
|
453 have them transferred to the MailStation.</p> |
|
454 |
|
455 <h2 id="data-transfer">Data Transfer</h2> |
|
456 |
|
457 <p>Like those WiFi serial adapters, using an |
|
458 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP8266">ESP32/ES… |
|
459 solution. |
|
460 However, designing something that directly interfaced a ESP8266 to the |
|
461 processor seemed like a daunting task, mostly because I have no idea how… |
|
462 such a thing but also because anyone that wanted similar functionality w… |
|
463 have to tear apart their MailStation.</p> |
|
464 |
|
465 <p>I settled on making an ESP8266 a standalone device and having i… |
|
466 the MailStation’s parallel port, allowing it to work without any hardw… |
|
467 modifications needed.</p> |
|
468 |
|
469 <p>The MailStation firmware includes a built-in function for sendi… |
|
470 bytes over its parallel port, but it does so over five of the eight data… |
|
471 in three transfers, for every single byte. |
|
472 The USB loader that I had made earlier adhered to this protocol to remain |
|
473 compatible with the firmware function, making the |
|
474 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/mailstation-tools/blob/master/lo… |
|
475 that runs on the MailStation as small as possible since its binary has t… |
|
476 hand-typed into the MailStation’s hex editor.</p> |
|
477 |
|
478 <p>This three-step process is not terribly slow, but it makes bi-d… |
|
479 communication more complicated and seemed unnecessary when all eight of … |
|
480 pins were wired up. |
|
481 For WiFistation, I decided to use a much more straightforward protocol u… |
|
482 eight data pins plus two status and two control pins. |
|
483 The new |
|
484 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/WiFiStation/blob/main/mailstatio… |
|
485 for this protocol, which doesn’t rely on any firmware functionality, e… |
|
486 up being 117 bytes vs. 97 for the |
|
487 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/mailstation-tools/blob/master/lo… |
|
488 |
|
489 <h2 id="prototyping">Prototyping</h2> |
|
490 |
|
491 <p>Earlier this year I assembled a prototype based on |
|
492 <a href="https://www.adafruit.com/product/2471">Adafruit… |
|
493 board. |
|
494 To be able to manipulate 12 5v GPIO pins from the ESP8266 (which only ha… |
|
495 available GPIO pins, and they only operate at 3.3v), I used an |
|
496 <a href="https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/mcp23017"… |
|
497 I<sup>2</sup>C chip, which ultimately proved to be too slow … |
|
498 files (~16Kb) so I switched to the |
|
499 <a href="https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/MCP23S18"… |
|
500 which interfaces over SPI.</p> |
|
501 |
|
502 <figure> |
|
503 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-prototype-large.jpg"><img… |
|
504 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-prototype_rear-large.jpg">&l… |
|
505 </figure> |
|
506 |
|
507 <p>The prototype worked with the |
|
508 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/msTERM/commit/bfa680dbe1759ca34f… |
|
509 modifications</a> |
|
510 I made, so I set about turning into something I could make available to … |
|
511 |
|
512 <p>While the Adafruit Huzzah board had almost everything I needed,… |
|
513 upgrade to their slightly larger |
|
514 <a href="https://www.adafruit.com/product/2821">Feather … |
|
515 board, which upgrades the 5-pin FTDI serial header to a proper CP2104 US… |
|
516 port and has built-in battery charging bits so the WiFiStation could opt… |
|
517 run from a |
|
518 <a href="https://www.adafruit.com/product/4237">recharga… |
|
519 Since the MailStation can already run on AA batteries, this would allow … |
|
520 entire system to be portable.</p> |
|
521 |
|
522 <p>Of course, only after doing all of my development and reflashin… |
|
523 Huzzah board many dozens of times did I learn that the Feather version h… |
|
524 auto-reset support so one can reflash it entirely from a command-line. |
|
525 The non-Feather version requires holding down two tiny buttons on the bo… |
|
526 reset into its bootloader every time.</p> |
|
527 |
|
528 <h2 id="designing-a-pcb">Designing a PCB</h2> |
|
529 |
|
530 <p>Since I am not a hardware hacker and have no background in elec… |
|
531 my prototype into a PCB was a bit daunting. |
|
532 I downloaded the free version of |
|
533 <a href="https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/overview"&… |
|
534 and stumbled through how to design a |
|
535 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/WiFiStation/tree/main/pcb"&… |
|
536 and then turned it into a halfway-decent looking board. |
|
537 Since I’m also not comfortable doing surface-mount soldering, I opted … |
|
538 entirely through-hole components.</p> |
|
539 |
|
540 <p>Once my initial design seemed sufficient, I uploaded it to |
|
541 <a href="https://www.pcbway.com/">PCBWay</a> |
|
542 for printing of the PCB. |
|
543 I also ordered a handful of Huzzah Feather modules, DB25 connectors, res… |
|
544 MCP23S18 chips, and sockets from |
|
545 <a href="https://www.digikey.com/">DigiKey</a>.<… |
|
546 |
|
547 <figure> |
|
548 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-eagle-large.png"><img src… |
|
549 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-eagle_board-large.png"><i… |
|
550 </figure> |
|
551 |
|
552 <p>A week and a half and $25 later, I received my batch of five bo… |
|
553 I soldered the components to one of them and then spent a frustrating da… |
|
554 to figure out why I was getting strange results with it.</p> |
|
555 |
|
556 <p>As it turned out, the standard “SUB-D” DB25 part that I had… |
|
557 its pinout backwards from what I was expecting and how my prototype’s … |
|
558 board was numbered, and I did not verify it carefully enough. |
|
559 I flipped the component around and rerouted all of the wires in the board |
|
560 design, which also allowed me to eliminate the vias, and then sent the n… |
|
561 revision to PCBWay. |
|
562 Another week and a half later, I had my “revision B” boards.</p&g… |
|
563 |
|
564 <figure> |
|
565 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-rev1-large.jpg"><img src=… |
|
566 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-rev2_assembled-large.jpg">&l… |
|
567 </figure> |
|
568 |
|
569 <p>This version produced the correct data on each pin, but was doi… |
|
570 inconsistently. |
|
571 I thought it might have been the bussed resistor that I chose instead of |
|
572 individual resistors like my prototype, but I later determined it to be … |
|
573 connector itself not being properly grounded.</p> |
|
574 |
|
575 <p>I fixed this in the board design but as I started mocking up an… |
|
576 it, I realized that the DB25 connector was not placed proud enough on th… |
|
577 for a case to fit along the front edge without the pins being too far ba… |
|
578 I also realized there was no way to securely fasten the two DB25 connect… |
|
579 together, as the MailStation has fixed screw nuts on it, but with the re… |
|
580 the WiFiStation’s connector being covered up, there would be no way to… |
|
581 screw through it and tighten it down.</p> |
|
582 |
|
583 <p>I came up with the idea to shrink the width of the board by mov… |
|
584 to a horizontal position with the Huzzah straddling it, since the Huzzah… |
|
585 already sticking up high enough due to its pin headers. |
|
586 I also positioned the Huzzah Feather so that the DB25 screw holes were v… |
|
587 from the back of the board, allowing long screws to reach from outside t… |
|
588 of the case, under the Huzzah board, and through the DB25 connector hole… |
|
589 the MailStation’s DB25 connector.</p> |
|
590 |
|
591 <p>I finished this third redesign of the board and sent it off for… |
|
592 |
|
593 <figure> |
|
594 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-final-large.jpg"><img src… |
|
595 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-final_assembled-large.jpg">&… |
|
596 </figure> |
|
597 |
|
598 <h2 id="making-the-case">Making the Case</h2> |
|
599 |
|
600 <p>While waiting for the new boards to arrive, I needed an enclosu… |
|
601 As if fumbling through PCB design wasn’t enough, I was also going to h… |
|
602 do some |
|
603 <a href="https://twitter.com/jcs/status/1372024803817877506"… |
|
604 I designed a case for the WiFiStation in TinkerCAD and thankfully this d… |
|
605 require a week and a half between iterations. |
|
606 I soon had a |
|
607 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/WiFiStation/blob/main/enclosure/… |
|
608 that connected together and allowed an optional lithium ion battery to be |
|
609 housed in it as well.</p> |
|
610 |
|
611 <figure> |
|
612 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-printing-large.jpg"><img … |
|
613 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-case-large.jpg"><img src=… |
|
614 </figure> |
|
615 |
|
616 <p>I still have some more iterating to go on the case design to ma… |
|
617 has a more secure closure. |
|
618 I’m also still sourcing some thumbscrews that will properly fit the ca… |
|
619 <a href="https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/molex/172704… |
|
620 |
|
621 <h2 id="firmware">Firmware</h2> |
|
622 |
|
623 <p>With the hardware design done, I developed more of the |
|
624 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/WiFiStation/tree/main/esp8266&qu… |
|
625 to run on the Huzzah ESP8266 board. |
|
626 I integrated a web server which currently just allows uploading a file t… |
|
627 transferred to the new loader program.</p> |
|
628 |
|
629 <figure> |
|
630 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-http-large.jpg"><img src=… |
|
631 </figure> |
|
632 |
|
633 <p>I also improved the telnet/<code class="language-plaint… |
|
634 over telnet with proper telnet negotiation, and one do things like <c… |
|
635 hang up.</p> |
|
636 |
|
637 <figure> |
|
638 <a href="/images/2021-04-23-telnet-large.jpg"><img sr… |
|
639 </figure> |
|
640 |
|
641 <p>And with the WiFiStation using a battery, this entire thing can… |
|
642 wirelessly.</p> |
|
643 |
|
644 <h2 id="wifistation-kits">WiFiStation Kits</h2> |
|
645 |
|
646 <p>With all of the hardware design nailed down and the software mo… |
|
647 written up some |
|
648 <a href="/wifistation">documentation</a> |
|
649 for the whole system including assembly instructions.</p> |
|
650 |
|
651 <p>These kits are |
|
652 <a href="https://www.tindie.com/products/jcs/wifistation/"&… |
|
653 for those interested. |
|
654 I realize the target audience for this is very small but I hope this pro… |
|
655 brings more attention to the MailStation as a fun Z80 development platfo… |
|
656 |
|
657 <p><br /></p> |
|
658 |
|
659 <div class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes"> |
|
660 <ol> |
|
661 <li id="fn:0" role="doc-endnote"> |
|
662 <p>I know the Dana can connect to a PC with a USB cable and … |
|
663 </li> |
|
664 </ol> |
|
665 </div></content><author><name></name></author><category term="hard… |
|
666 <a href="/2019/08/14/x1c7">X1 Carbon</a>, |
|
667 something I’ve been looking forward to for years.</p> |
|
668 |
|
669 <p><img src="/images/2021-01-27-hero-665x207.jpg" src… |
|
670 |
|
671 |
|
672 |
|
673 <h2 id="hardware">Hardware</h2> |
|
674 |
|
675 <p>The X1 Nano is basically a 13” version of the 14” X1 Carbon… |
|
676 footprint, thickness, and weight. |
|
677 Availability in the US has been fairly limited (and expensive) at the mo… |
|
678 offering no WWAN or any customizable options, and Core i7 models are not |
|
679 shipping out for months. |
|
680 I purchased the Intel Core i5-1135G7 model with 16Gb of RAM and a 1Tb NV… |
|
681 The only screen option currently available is a matte non-touch 2K displ… |
|
682 |
|
683 <p>The X1 Nano (X1N1?) weighs 2.0 lbs compared to my previous |
|
684 <a href="/2019/08/14/x1c7">X1C7’s</a> |
|
685 2.4 lbs. |
|
686 The width is reduced from the 14” X1 Carbon’s 12.71” to 11.53”, … |
|
687 8.54” to 8.18”, and thickness from 14.95mm to 13.87mm.</p> |
|
688 |
|
689 <p>On the left side of the laptop are two Thunderbolt 3-enabled (U… |
|
690 ports and a headphone jack. |
|
691 The PCI ethernet device and its required dongle are no longer available,… |
|
692 is not really needed these days with non-Thunderbolt USB-C ethernet adap… |
|
693 being able to max out a gigabit ethernet connection (at least on non-Ope… |
|
694 platforms).</p> |
|
695 |
|
696 <p>On the right side are just the fan vent and power button, which… |
|
697 from about the middle of the side to the far-right edge. |
|
698 I find the power button very hard to press now, especially to hold it in… |
|
699 how ever many seconds it takes to force a hard power-off.</p> |
|
700 |
|
701 <p>The Dolby Atmos sound system remains with its unfortunate brand… |
|
702 present on the left side of the keyboard deck. |
|
703 There are two up-firing speakers at the top of the keyboard deck, which … |
|
704 excellent and loud.</p> |
|
705 |
|
706 <p>The 13” 2K (2160x1350) matte, non-touch IPS screen looks grea… |
|
707 horizontal resolution as my |
|
708 <a href="/2017/07/14/matebook">13” MateBook X</a> |
|
709 which I’ve still been using for years. |
|
710 The resolution is high enough to use 1.5x scaling but low enough to not … |
|
711 lot of power. |
|
712 It can get very bright at 450 nits, and most of the time indoors I’m u… |
|
713 at about 40% brightness. |
|
714 I did a color calibration and it wasn’t too far off the factory defaul… |
|
715 |
|
716 <p>The Nano has a ThinkShutter device to physically cover up the w… |
|
717 X1 Carbon did, and retains the black “ThinkPad” branding on the keyb… |
|
718 |
|
719 <p>The screen hinge is tight and cannot really be opened one-hande… |
|
720 reduced weight of the laptop. |
|
721 However, the lid does not wobble at all when typing.</p> |
|
722 |
|
723 <p>The keyboard still seems full-sized, though the function-row ke… |
|
724 The X1 Nano further reduces the X1C7’s key travel from 1.5mm to 1.35mm… |
|
725 I still find it very enjoyable to type on and it retains a chunky tactil… |
|
726 The keys do have a bit of a creaky sound when typing or just moving fing… |
|
727 keys without pressing them. |
|
728 The keyboard is backlit and offers two levels of adjustment with <cod… |
|
729 through <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"&… |
|
730 utilities like |
|
731 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/xdimmer">xdimmer</a&g… |
|
732 |
|
733 <p>The Elan touchpad surface remains soft and easy to glide finger… |
|
734 and its integrated “diving-board-style” button has a quiet thud for … |
|
735 with no play in its mechanism. |
|
736 The three physical TrackPoint buttons between the keyboard and touchpad … |
|
737 shallow click. |
|
738 The TrackPoint still operates over a legacy PS/2 attachment and the touc… |
|
739 is a Windows Precision Touchpad connected over I<sup>2</sup>… |
|
740 |
|
741 <p>I am using the far-superior |
|
742 <a href="https://www.etsy.com/jp/shop/SaotoTech">“soft… |
|
743 that was made for my X1C7 and is probably a hair too tall for the lower-… |
|
744 X1N1 keyboard, but it doesn’t stick up past the keys nor contact the s… |
|
745 when closed.</p> |
|
746 |
|
747 <figure> |
|
748 <a href="/images/2021-01-27-trackpoint-large.jpg"><im… |
|
749 <a href="/images/2021-01-27-trackpoint_profile-large.jpg"&g… |
|
750 </figure> |
|
751 |
|
752 <p>A square USB-attached fingerprint sensor sits next to the touch… |
|
753 honestly forgotten about until I just looked.</p> |
|
754 |
|
755 <p>Wireless connectivity is provided by a non-socketed Intel AX201… |
|
756 and Bluetooth 5.1 chip. |
|
757 The NVMe SSD is a Western Digital PC SN530 removable m.2 2242 form-facto… |
|
758 mounted under a heatsink.</p> |
|
759 |
|
760 <p>There is no audible coil whine. |
|
761 The fan has a tendency to come on rather eagerly when the CPU is allowed… |
|
762 its full frequency with turbo, and to remain on for what seems like a lo… |
|
763 time even after the CPU-intensive operation has stopped and the surface … |
|
764 laptop is cool to the touch. |
|
765 Fortunately the fan is rather quiet (~33 dBA about an inch from the exha… |
|
766 outlet at the fan’s highest setting) and has a neutral white-noise sou… |
|
767 without any high-pitched whining. |
|
768 Perhaps a future update to the firmware/EC will adjust the temperature |
|
769 thresholds for the fan to come on less eagerly, and not stay on so long.… |
|
770 |
|
771 <figure> |
|
772 <a href="/images/2021-01-27-inside-large.jpg"><img sr… |
|
773 </figure> |
|
774 |
|
775 <h2 id="firmware">Firmware</h2> |
|
776 |
|
777 <p>The X1 Nano defaults to a graphical firmware upon pressing <… |
|
778 switched back into a simple text mode. |
|
779 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">F12&l… |
|
780 Pro-tip: press <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge… |
|
781 options to prevent a loud, annoying beep.</p> |
|
782 |
|
783 <p>I recommend enabling the “F1-F12 as Primary Function” optio… |
|
784 using the Fn key to register these keys.</p> |
|
785 |
|
786 <p>Installing a different boot logo is still |
|
787 <a href="https://jcs.org/2017/09/01/thinkpad_x1c#firmware"&… |
|
788 through Windows, which also gets rid of the new “TCO Certified” logo… |
|
789 bottom-right corner.</p> |
|
790 |
|
791 <p>Secure Boot must be disabled in the BIOS menu to boot OpenBSD, … |
|
792 Support” option is no longer available (nor needed).</p> |
|
793 |
|
794 <p>Unfortunately the X1 Nano is an “Intel Evo” platform device… |
|
795 longer has a normal ACPI S3 suspend mode. |
|
796 The X1C7 had a firmware option to disable this “Modern Standby” and … |
|
797 “Legacy S3 standby mode”, but the X1 Nano no longer has this option. |
|
798 This means that OpenBSD is unable to suspend the laptop since the firmwa… |
|
799 longer supports it. |
|
800 Efforts to support <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-r… |
|
801 consumption are underway, as my |
|
802 <a href="/2020/05/15/surface_go2">Surface Go 2</a> |
|
803 was a similar device.</p> |
|
804 |
|
805 <h2 id="openbsd-support-log">OpenBSD Support Log</h2&… |
|
806 |
|
807 <p><strong>2021-01-17:</strong> The usual round of PCI… |
|
808 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">iwx&l… |
|
809 <a href="https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/8edfa316af4155e65… |
|
810 to attach to the AX201 device found in the X1 Nano.</p> |
|
811 |
|
812 <p>There are some minor issues with DPMS that cause the screen to … |
|
813 seconds longer to wake up after being shut off. |
|
814 Sometimes when returning to my laptop after it’s been locked (and the … |
|
815 turned off via DPMS) it blinks a few times before showing the screen con… |
|
816 |
|
817 <p><strong>2021-01-25:</strong> I’ve been experiment… |
|
818 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/openbsd-src/commit/cf7c4a31389d2… |
|
819 to silence the fan at all times. |
|
820 It doesn’t seem to raise the temperature too high, and the laptop seem… |
|
821 of passively cooling itself down fairly well once CPU-intensive tasks ha… |
|
822 stopped.</p> |
|
823 |
|
824 <p><strong>2021-01-27:</strong> I’ve also been worki… |
|
825 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/openbsd-src/commit/29edcdbd59338… |
|
826 as a modern replacement for OpenBSD’s <code class="language-pl… |
|
827 processors/firmware dynamically adjust their frequency on their own in r… |
|
828 to work load, rather than the OpenBSD kernel doing it.</p> |
|
829 |
|
830 <p><strong>2021-04-07:</strong> Due to the lack of S3 … |
|
831 warranty by Lenovo) that made the keyboard feel worse, I’ve sold my X1… |
|
832 At this time, I can’t recommend buying any “Intel Evo” branded lap… |
|
833 OpenBSD use due to the lack of hardware S3 suspend support forced on the… |
|
834 laptops, combined with a lack of any “instant wake” mechanism in Ope… |
|
835 kernel.</p> |
|
836 |
|
837 <h2 id="current-openbsd-support-summary">Current OpenBSD… |
|
838 |
|
839 <p>Status is relative to OpenBSD-current as of 2021-01-27.</p&g… |
|
840 |
|
841 <table> |
|
842 <thead> |
|
843 <tr> |
|
844 <th>Component</th> |
|
845 <th>Works?</th> |
|
846 <th>Notes</th> |
|
847 </tr> |
|
848 </thead> |
|
849 <tbody> |
|
850 <tr> |
|
851 <td>Audio</td> |
|
852 <td>Yes</td> |
|
853 <td>Intel audio with Realtek ALC287 codec and supported by &… |
|
854 </tr> |
|
855 <tr> |
|
856 <td>Battery status</td> |
|
857 <td>Yes</td> |
|
858 <td>48Whr battery, status available through <a href="… |
|
859 </tr> |
|
860 <tr> |
|
861 <td>Bluetooth</td> |
|
862 <td>No</td> |
|
863 <td>Attaches as a <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/ug… |
|
864 </tr> |
|
865 <tr> |
|
866 <td>Fingerprint sensor</td> |
|
867 <td>No</td> |
|
868 <td>Synaptics <code class="language-plaintext highli… |
|
869 </tr> |
|
870 <tr> |
|
871 <td>Keyboard backlight</td> |
|
872 <td>Yes</td> |
|
873 <td>Supported natively by the EC. Can be toggled with Fn+Sp… |
|
874 </tr> |
|
875 <tr> |
|
876 <td>Hibernation</td> |
|
877 <td>Yes</td> |
|
878 <td>Can be triggered by <a href="http://man.openbsd.… |
|
879 </tr> |
|
880 <tr> |
|
881 <td>SSD</td> |
|
882 <td>Yes</td> |
|
883 <td>The Western Digital PC SN530 NVMe drive is supported by … |
|
884 </tr> |
|
885 <tr> |
|
886 <td>Suspend / resume</td> |
|
887 <td>No</td> |
|
888 <td>The firmware does not support ACPI S3 suspend.</td> |
|
889 </tr> |
|
890 <tr> |
|
891 <td>Thunderbolt 3</td> |
|
892 <td>Kinda</td> |
|
893 <td>Any devices attached at boot time will work in OpenBSD, … |
|
894 </tr> |
|
895 <tr> |
|
896 <td>Touchpad</td> |
|
897 <td>Yes</td> |
|
898 <td>Elan I<sup>2</sup>C, supported by <a href… |
|
899 </tr> |
|
900 <tr> |
|
901 <td>TrackPoint</td> |
|
902 <td>Yes</td> |
|
903 <td>Supported by <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pms… |
|
904 </tr> |
|
905 <tr> |
|
906 <td>USB</td> |
|
907 <td>Yes</td> |
|
908 <td>The 2 USB-C ports work fine. I am using the <a href=&… |
|
909 </tr> |
|
910 <tr> |
|
911 <td>Video</td> |
|
912 <td>Yes</td> |
|
913 <td><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/inteldrm.4"… |
|
914 </tr> |
|
915 <tr> |
|
916 <td>Webcam</td> |
|
917 <td>Yes</td> |
|
918 <td>Chicony USB, supported by the <a href="http://ma… |
|
919 </tr> |
|
920 <tr> |
|
921 <td>Wireless</td> |
|
922 <td>Yes</td> |
|
923 <td>The non-removable Intel AX201 802.11ax wireless chip is … |
|
924 </tr> |
|
925 </tbody> |
|
926 </table></content><author><name></name></author><category term="ha… |
|
927 Unencrypted websites are treated as relics of the past with browsers dec… |
|
928 them toxic waste not to be touched (or |
|
929 <a href="//blog.mozilla.org/security/2020/11/17/firefox-83-intro… |
|
930 and search engines de-prioritizing their content.</p> |
|
931 |
|
932 <p>While this push for security is good for protecting modern comm… |
|
933 is a whole web full of information and services that don’t <em>n… |
|
934 and those trying to access them from older vintage computers or even thr… |
|
935 modern embedded devices are increasingly being left behind.</p> |
|
936 |
|
937 |
|
938 |
|
939 <p class="alert">Note: This article is mostly directed a… |
|
940 this one, with no expectation of privacy or security by most readers of … |
|
941 content. |
|
942 If you are running a commercial website, collecting personal information… |
|
943 users, or transmitting sensitive data that users would expect to be done |
|
944 privately, disregard everything here and don’t bother offering your we… |
|
945 plaintext.</p> |
|
946 |
|
947 <h2 id="http-upgrading">HTTP Upgrading</h2> |
|
948 |
|
949 <p>Though it’s less common these days, users may still type in y… |
|
950 manually as opposed to clicking on a link that already includes the <… |
|
951 scheme. |
|
952 (Imagine a user hearing your website mentioned on a podcast and they hav… |
|
953 type it into their browser.)</p> |
|
954 |
|
955 <p>For a URL entered with an <code class="language-plainte… |
|
956 unless your domain is listed in the |
|
957 <a href="//www.chromium.org/hsts"><abbr title="S… |
|
958 of the user’s browser or they are using a plugin like |
|
959 <a href="//www.eff.org/https-everywhere">HTTPS Everywher… |
|
960 default to loading your website over plaintext HTTP. |
|
961 For this reason, even if your website is only served over HTTPS, it’s … |
|
962 necessary to configure your server to respond to plaintext HTTP requests… |
|
963 301 or 302 redirect to the HTTPS version of the URL.</p> |
|
964 |
|
965 <p>If your server is properly configured to send a <code class=… |
|
966 header, once the user’s browser loads your website’s HTTPS version, … |
|
967 will cache that information for days or months and future attempts to lo… |
|
968 site will default to the HTTPS scheme instead of HTTP even if the user m… |
|
969 types in an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&qu… |
|
970 |
|
971 <h2 id="avoid-forced-upgrading-by-default">Avoid Forced … |
|
972 |
|
973 <p>This forced redirection is a major cause of websites becoming i… |
|
974 vintage computers. |
|
975 Your server responds to the HTTP request with a 301 or 302 status and no |
|
976 content, and either a) the browser follows the redirection and tries to |
|
977 negotiate an SSL connection, but your server doesn’t offer legacy SSL … |
|
978 or old ciphers so the negotiation fails, or b) the browser just doesn’… |
|
979 SSL/TLS at all and fails to follow the redirection.</p> |
|
980 |
|
981 <p>A real-life example of this is that I recently purchased a Powe… |
|
982 updated it to MacOS X 10.5.8 from 2009. |
|
983 It has a 1.5Ghz processor and 1.25Gb of RAM, and can connect to my moder… |
|
984 network and use most of my USB peripherals. |
|
985 It includes a Mail client that can talk to my IMAP and SMTP servers, and… |
|
986 Safari web browser which can render fairly modern CSS layouts. |
|
987 However, it’s unable to view any content at all on Wikipedia simply be… |
|
988 can’t negotiate TLS 1.2 with the ciphers Wikipedia requires. |
|
989 Why is a decade-old computer too old to view encyclopedia articles? |
|
990 I am |
|
991 <a href="https://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2018/08/07/securing-… |
|
992 to complain about this.</p> |
|
993 |
|
994 <p>A solution to this problem is for websites to continue offering… |
|
995 content over plaintext HTTP in addition to HTTPS. |
|
996 If you’re using Nginx, instead of creating two <code class="la… |
|
997 *:80</code> version redirecting to the <code class="langua… |
|
998 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">serve… |
|
999 |
|
1000 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1001 server_name jcs.org; |
|
1002 listen *:80; |
|
1003 listen *:443 ssl http2; |
|
1004 |
|
1005 ssl_certificate ...; |
|
1006 ssl_certificate_key ...; |
|
1007 ... |
|
1008 ssl_protocols TLSv1.2; |
|
1009 } |
|
1010 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1011 |
|
1012 <p>While it may seem counter to the point of this article, I recom… |
|
1013 serving legacy SSL/TLS ciphers like SSLv3 to try to help older browsers. |
|
1014 These old protocols and ciphers are insecure and broken, and I feel it�… |
|
1015 to make it clear to the user they’re connecting to a website in cleart… |
|
1016 to offer a false sense of security by having the browser indicate a “s… |
|
1017 connection” when it’s being done over an old, broken protocol. |
|
1018 Also, while it may not be practical anymore, modern browsers might be |
|
1019 <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downgrade_attack">trick… |
|
1020 an old, broken cipher if your server still offers it.</p> |
|
1021 |
|
1022 <p>Even if you do offer legacy protocols and ciphers to older brow… |
|
1023 certificate might be signed by a certificate authority whose root certif… |
|
1024 not trusted by older browsers.</p> |
|
1025 |
|
1026 <h2 id="continue-upgrading-modern-browsers">Continue Upg… |
|
1027 |
|
1028 <p>Now that your entire website is being offered to legacy browser… |
|
1029 modern browsers can still be directed to connect over HTTPS for added pr… |
|
1030 responding to the |
|
1031 <a href="//developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Upg… |
|
1032 header. |
|
1033 This header is only sent by modern browsers that support |
|
1034 <a href="//developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP"&g… |
|
1035 when making an HTTP request, so it’s a reasonable indicator that the c… |
|
1036 sufficiently modern and robust that it will be able to negotiate a TLS 1… |
|
1037 connection if redirected to your site’s HTTPS version.</p> |
|
1038 |
|
1039 <p>For Nginx, this can be done inside a <code class="langu… |
|
1040 per-request that includes whether it was made over plaintext HTTP and wh… |
|
1041 included an <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&qu… |
|
1042 |
|
1043 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1044 ... |
|
1045 set $need_http_upgrade "$https$http_upgrade_insecure_requests&q… |
|
1046 location / { |
|
1047 if ($need_http_upgrade = "1") { |
|
1048 add_header Vary Upgrade-Insecure-Requests; |
|
1049 return 301 https://$host$request_uri; |
|
1050 } |
|
1051 |
|
1052 ... |
|
1053 } |
|
1054 } |
|
1055 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1056 |
|
1057 <p>This <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&… |
|
1058 plaintext HTTP where <code class="language-plaintext highlighter… |
|
1059 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Upgra… |
|
1060 the HTTPS version. |
|
1061 The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">V… |
|
1062 the redirect.</p> |
|
1063 |
|
1064 <h2 id="content-concessions">Content Concessions</h2&… |
|
1065 |
|
1066 <p>With legacy browsers now able to access your site, you may want… |
|
1067 changes to your HTML and CSS to allow your site to render with some degr… |
|
1068 readability. |
|
1069 I don’t recommend giving it the full IE6 treatment catering to the low… |
|
1070 denominator, but at least make the main text of your site readable.</… |
|
1071 |
|
1072 <p>Obviously avoid JavaScript unless it is used progressively, tho… |
|
1073 browsers raise error dialogs at the mere presence of modern JavaScript t… |
|
1074 can’t be parsed even if it’s never executed.</p> |
|
1075 |
|
1076 <p>Modern CSS and complex layouts can also be a problem even for b… |
|
1077 few years old, so it’s probably best to use them sparingly. |
|
1078 For any <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"&… |
|
1079 avoid specifying a particular scheme.</p> |
|
1080 |
|
1081 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1082 &lt;img src="/images/..."&gt; |
|
1083 &lt;/a&gt; |
|
1084 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1085 |
|
1086 <p>If you have to specify an absolute URL to another site that is … |
|
1087 over both HTTP and HTTPS, you can specify it without a scheme or colon a… |
|
1088 browser will use the same <code class="language-plaintext highli… |
|
1089 over:</p> |
|
1090 |
|
1091 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1092 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1093 |
|
1094 <h2 id="a-rant-about-gemini">A Rant About Gemini</h2&… |
|
1095 |
|
1096 <p>Tangentially related, |
|
1097 <a href="//gemini.circumlunar.space/">Gemini</a> |
|
1098 is a modern document transfer protocol that aims to fit between the anci… |
|
1099 <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)">Goph… |
|
1100 protocol and the too-modern HTTP web. |
|
1101 Its document markup language is based on |
|
1102 <a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown">Markdown</… |
|
1103 so it’s very lightweight and simple to parse without complex HTML/CSS … |
|
1104 |
|
1105 <p>It sounds like the perfect thing to bring modern content to vin… |
|
1106 except that its |
|
1107 <a href="//gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/specification.html"… |
|
1108 requires all content to be transferred over TLS 1.2 or higher which make… |
|
1109 nearly impossible to access from a vintage computer or even a modern emb… |
|
1110 system with limited CPU power.</p> |
|
1111 |
|
1112 <p>This requirement seems poorly thought out, especially consideri… |
|
1113 protocol doesn’t even support forms (other than a single text box on a… |
|
1114 form) so there’s no chance of users submitting private data, and, shor… |
|
1115 clunky TLS client certificates, there’s no mechanism for client-server… |
|
1116 like cookies so clients can’t be authenticated, meaning everything ser… |
|
1117 much has to be public anyway.</p> |
|
1118 |
|
1119 <p>Its protocol author argues that TLS is just a simple dependency… |
|
1120 than a TCP server module, so it should be trivial to implement in any cl… |
|
1121 server. |
|
1122 But if your computer’s CPU is so slow that a modern TLS negotiation wo… |
|
1123 so long as to be unusable, or its |
|
1124 <a href="http://tenfourfox.blogspot.com/2018/02/the-tls-apocalyp… |
|
1125 available, that makes it difficult to write a client without depending o… |
|
1126 <a href="//github.com/jcs/sockhole">external system</… |
|
1127 [<a href="https://oldvcr.blogspot.com/2020/11/fun-with-crypto-an… |
|
1128 |
|
1129 <p>In my opinion, the protocol should <em>recommend</em&g… |
|
1130 and TLS encrypted versions and <em>recommend</em> that clien… |
|
1131 use plaintext if needed. |
|
1132 Clients for modern operating systems can continue enforcing a TLS requir… |
|
1133 their users aren’t feeling any less secure.</p> |
|
1134 |
|
1135 <p>Perhaps just sending actual Markdown text over plaintext HTTP t… |
|
1136 ask for it can be the new, old web.</p> |
|
1137 |
|
1138 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1139 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1140 |
|
1141 <hr /> |
|
1142 |
|
1143 <p><em>Please don’t contact me to “well ackchyually” m… |
|
1144 <a href="/2011/08/17/a_man-in-the-middle_attack_in_the_wild"… |
|
1145 and how your terrible ISP inserts ads into your unencrypted web pages an… |
|
1146 you were able to make a Gemini client out of a whistle and some shoelace… |
|
1147 If you don’t want to make your website content available to stupid old |
|
1148 computers, then don’t.</em></p></content><author><name></n… |
|
1149 <a href="https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/9dd45fb4d11e8194b… |
|
1150 into OpenBSD. |
|
1151 From what I remember using it back then, it worked sufficiently well but… |
|
1152 configuration was cumbersome. |
|
1153 It supported Bluetooth HID keyboards and mice, audio, and serial devices. |
|
1154 Six years ago, however, it was |
|
1155 <a href="https://github.com/openbsd/src/commit/b8042ed98e3e7a691… |
|
1156 due to conflicts with how it integrated into our kernel.</p> |
|
1157 |
|
1158 <p>While we still have no Bluetooth support today, it is possible … |
|
1159 Bluetooth headphones using a small hardware dongle.</p> |
|
1160 |
|
1161 <p><img src="/images/2020-11-18-bt-w3-665x215.jpg" sr… |
|
1162 |
|
1163 |
|
1164 |
|
1165 <h2 id="creative-bt-w2">Creative BT-W2</h2> |
|
1166 |
|
1167 <p>Last year I |
|
1168 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625180156/https://twit… |
|
1169 the |
|
1170 <a href="https://amzn.to/2HMScQt">Creative BT-W2</a&g… |
|
1171 USB device, which presents a standard |
|
1172 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/uaudio"><code class=… |
|
1173 device on OpenBSD and handles all of the Bluetooth pairing and audio |
|
1174 communication itself with just one shortcoming: it did not expose any vo… |
|
1175 control mechanism. |
|
1176 OpenBSD’s sound server, |
|
1177 <a href="https://sndio.org/"><code class="langua… |
|
1178 did have software volume control so it was possible to limit the volume … |
|
1179 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">aucat… |
|
1180 <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndioctl"><code clas… |
|
1181 |
|
1182 <p>I’ve been using the BT-W2 frequently since then to send audio… |
|
1183 laptop to my Apple AirPods Pro, but unfortunately Apple released a firmw… |
|
1184 some point that limited the volume output when paired with such devices, |
|
1185 including |
|
1186 <a href="https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-fix-low-volume-issue… |
|
1187 Presumably this was a safety measure because unless the sending side was… |
|
1188 software volume control (which the AirPods wouldn’t know about), the A… |
|
1189 would play at maximum volume.</p> |
|
1190 |
|
1191 <p>Unfortunately, even at the loudest volume from <code class=&… |
|
1192 AirPods was still quite low, sometimes even too low to understand YouTub… |
|
1193 with poor audio like conference talks. |
|
1194 Otherwise though, the BT-W2 worked well and I didn’t notice any latenc… |
|
1195 video sync issues on OpenBSD.</p> |
|
1196 |
|
1197 <h2 id="creative-bt-w3">Creative BT-W3</h2> |
|
1198 |
|
1199 <p>The other day I became aware of the updated |
|
1200 <a href="https://amzn.to/2UBC0pE">Creative BT-W3</a&g… |
|
1201 which now has a USB-C interface instead of USB-A and finally exposes har… |
|
1202 mixer control (note the <code class="language-plaintext highligh… |
|
1203 |
|
1204 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1205 uaudio0: class v1, full-speed, sync, channels: 2 play, 1 rec, 2 ctls |
|
1206 audio1 at uaudio0 |
|
1207 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1208 |
|
1209 <p>Since Tweeting about the BT-W2 last year, OpenBSD’s audio sys… |
|
1210 quite a bit and now <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-… |
|
1211 the preferred utility, rather than directly changing hardware mixer sett… |
|
1212 with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">… |
|
1213 The new hardware volume control (<code class="language-plaintext… |
|
1214 directly with <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&… |
|
1215 the default <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&qu… |
|
1216 |
|
1217 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1218 outputs.dac=161 |
|
1219 outputs.dac_mute=off |
|
1220 record.enable=sysctl |
|
1221 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1222 |
|
1223 <p>Whatever mechanism the BT-W3 uses to handle this hardware volum… |
|
1224 (whether just doing software volume limiting itself, or passing it throu… |
|
1225 the AirPods through some fancy audio protocol), the benefit is that now … |
|
1226 AirPods can be used at full volume from OpenBSD.</p> |
|
1227 |
|
1228 <h2 id="automatically-switching-to-bluetooth">Automatica… |
|
1229 |
|
1230 <p>My laptop’s |
|
1231 <a href="https://jcs.org/2018/11/12/vfio">Dolby Atmos sp… |
|
1232 is pretty good, so normally I just listen to music or play YouTube videos |
|
1233 through the speakers. |
|
1234 When my son is napping and I need to use my AirPods, I want to just plug… |
|
1235 BT-W3 dongle and have it automatically start sending audio to my AirPods… |
|
1236 have the volume controls on my keyboard control the AirPods.</p> |
|
1237 |
|
1238 <p>To accomplish this, set an alternate device name with <code … |
|
1239 |
|
1240 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1241 # rcctl restart sndiod |
|
1242 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1243 |
|
1244 <p>In this mode, <code class="language-plaintext highlight… |
|
1245 the second audio device (<code class="language-plaintext highlig… |
|
1246 If the device is not present, such as when the BT-W3 is not plugged in, … |
|
1247 play through <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&q… |
|
1248 |
|
1249 <p>This works fine if the device is present when <code class=&q… |
|
1250 will need a <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&qu… |
|
1251 and start sending audio through it. |
|
1252 This can be done automatically with <code class="language-plaint… |
|
1253 |
|
1254 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1255 case $2 in |
|
1256 uaudio*) |
|
1257 pkill -HUP sndiod |
|
1258 ;; |
|
1259 esac |
|
1260 ^D |
|
1261 # chmod +x /etc/hotplug/attach |
|
1262 # rcctl enable hotplugd |
|
1263 # rcctl start hotplugd |
|
1264 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1265 |
|
1266 <p>Now when a new <code class="language-plaintext highligh… |
|
1267 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">hotpl… |
|
1268 available and start sending audio to it. |
|
1269 When the BT-W3 is unplugged, <code class="language-plaintext hig… |
|
1270 is no longer usable and send audio to its fallback, <code class="… |
|
1271 Hardware device switching will be seamless and any applications playing … |
|
1272 won’t have to stop or be restarted.</p> |
|
1273 |
|
1274 <p>My |
|
1275 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/sdorfehs">window manager… |
|
1276 is configured to respond to the hardware volume keys on my laptop (F4 fo… |
|
1277 F5 for volume down, and F6 for volume up) by executing <code class=&q… |
|
1278 commands will work the same regardless of which device <code class=&q… |
|
1279 |
|
1280 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1281 definekey top F5 exec sndioctl -q output.mute=0; sndioctl -q output.leve… |
|
1282 definekey top F6 exec sndioctl -q output.mute=0; sndioctl -q output.leve… |
|
1283 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1284 |
|
1285 <h2 id="responding-to-headphone-buttons">Responding to H… |
|
1286 |
|
1287 <p>If your Bluetooth headphones have buttons on them, these can pa… |
|
1288 BT-W3 as USB HID reports. |
|
1289 My AirPods Pro have one hardware button (a squeeze on the stem) which ca… |
|
1290 single, double, or triple pressed to perform a play/pause, next track, a… |
|
1291 previous track.</p> |
|
1292 |
|
1293 <p>The possible actions that the BT-W3 supports can be seen with |
|
1294 <a href="//man.openbsd.org/usbhidctl.1"><code class=&… |
|
1295 on the first HID report of the device, which must be located in <code… |
|
1296 |
|
1297 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1298 uaudio1: class v1, full-speed, sync, channels: 2 play, 1 rec, 2 ctls |
|
1299 audio2 at uaudio1 |
|
1300 uhidev4 at uhub0 port 1 configuration 1 interface 3 "Creative Techn… |
|
1301 uhidev4: iclass 3/0, 3 report ids |
|
1302 uhid11 at uhidev4 reportid 1: input=2, output=0, feature=0 |
|
1303 [...] |
|
1304 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1305 |
|
1306 <p>In my case, the first HID report on the BT-W3 is <code class… |
|
1307 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">usbhi… |
|
1308 |
|
1309 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1310 Report descriptor: |
|
1311 Collection page=Consumer usage=Consumer_Control |
|
1312 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Play/Pause, logical range 0..1 |
|
1313 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Scan_Next_Track, logical rang… |
|
1314 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Scan_Previous_Track, logical … |
|
1315 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Stop, logical range 0..1 |
|
1316 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Play, logical range 0..1 |
|
1317 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Pause, logical range 0..1 |
|
1318 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Fast_Forward, logical range 0… |
|
1319 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Rewind, logical range 0..1 |
|
1320 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Volume_Increment, logical ran… |
|
1321 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Volume_Decrement, logical ran… |
|
1322 Input size=1 count=1 page=Consumer usage=Mute, logical range 0..1 |
|
1323 End collection |
|
1324 Total input size 2 bytes |
|
1325 Total output size 0 bytes |
|
1326 Total feature size 0 bytes |
|
1327 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1328 |
|
1329 <p>By using the <code class="language-plaintext highlighte… |
|
1330 AirPod is pressed:</p> |
|
1331 |
|
1332 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1333 Consumer_Control.Play/Pause=1 |
|
1334 Consumer_Control.Scan_Next_Track=0 |
|
1335 Consumer_Control.Scan_Previous_Track=0 |
|
1336 Consumer_Control.Stop=0 |
|
1337 Consumer_Control.Play=0 |
|
1338 Consumer_Control.Pause=0 |
|
1339 Consumer_Control.Fast_Forward=0 |
|
1340 Consumer_Control.Rewind=0 |
|
1341 Consumer_Control.Volume_Increment=0 |
|
1342 Consumer_Control.Volume_Decrement=0 |
|
1343 Consumer_Control.Mute=0 |
|
1344 |
|
1345 Consumer_Control.Play/Pause=0 |
|
1346 [...] |
|
1347 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1348 |
|
1349 <p>One event is generated to report <code class="language-… |
|
1350 right after it to report <code class="language-plaintext highlig… |
|
1351 |
|
1352 <p>To automate responding to these events, |
|
1353 <a href="//man.openbsd.org/usbhidaction"><code class=… |
|
1354 can be used. |
|
1355 By default, the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-roug… |
|
1356 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">0600&… |
|
1357 without <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"&… |
|
1358 This needed because the program has to run as my own user to access my X… |
|
1359 session and environment variables.</p> |
|
1360 |
|
1361 <p>With a simple configuration file, I can make <code class=&qu… |
|
1362 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/dotfiles/blob/master/bin/music&q… |
|
1363 script to play/pause, skip to the next track, or play the previous track… |
|
1364 |
|
1365 <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><di… |
|
1366 Consumer:Play/Pause 1 |
|
1367 ~/bin/music playpause |
|
1368 Consumer:Scan_Next_Track 1 |
|
1369 ~/bin/music next |
|
1370 Consumer:Scan_Previous_Track 1 |
|
1371 ~/bin/music prev |
|
1372 |
|
1373 $ usbhidaction -dv -c .usbhidaction.conf -f /dev/uhid11 |
|
1374 PARSE:1 Consumer:Play/Pause, 1, '~/bin/music playpause' |
|
1375 PARSE:2 Consumer:Scan_Next_Track, 1, '~/bin/music next' |
|
1376 PARSE:3 Consumer:Scan_Previous_Track, 1, '~/bin/music prev' |
|
1377 report size 2 |
|
1378 executing '~/bin/music playpause' |
|
1379 </code></pre></div></div> |
|
1380 |
|
1381 <p>Unfortunately <code class="language-plaintext highlight… |
|
1382 started after the BT-W3 is plugged in and you must lookup which <code… |
|
1383 the correct one to operate on each time.</p> |
|
1384 |
|
1385 <p>I have |
|
1386 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/openbsd-src/commit/b2ad5f79a9e18… |
|
1387 <a href="https://github.com/jcs/openbsd-src/commit/bdd58222f11ff… |
|
1388 to work around these issues but it would be nice to have something more … |
|
1389 that listens for input reports from all <code class="language-pl… |
|
1390 them on some device stream that any program can listen to. |
|
1391 But that is a project for another time.</p></content><author><name… |
|
1392 to connect through a network proxy, particularly the one I made that is … |
|
1393 convert TLS-encrypted data from my real mailserver into plaintext that t… |
|
1394 Mac’s slow CPU can support.</p> |
|
1395 |
|
1396 |
|
1397 <video controls="1" preload="none" poster="/… |
|
1398 <source src="/videos/2020-11-12.mp4" type="video/mp4… |
|
1399 <track default="" kind="captions" label="E… |
|
1400 <p> |
|
1401 Your browser doesn't seem to support HTML video. |
|
1402 You can download the video in |
|
1403 <a href="//cdn.jcs.org/videos/2020-11-12.mp4" download=&q… |
|
1404 format instead. |
|
1405 </p> |
|
1406 </video> |
|
1407 |
|
1408 |
|
1409 <p>Video notes:</p> |
|
1410 <ul> |
|
1411 <li><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1928"&g… |
|
1412 <li><a href="https://github.com/jcs/sockhole">so… |
|
1413 <li><a href="https://amzn.to/2Io10OV">Teensy 4.0… |
|
1414 <li><a href="https://gemini.circumlunar.space/">… |
|
1415 <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(proto… |
|
1416 and |
|
1417 <a href="https://www.macintoshrepository.org/265-turbogopher&qu… |
|
1418 </ul> |
|
1419 |
|
1420 <p>Please |
|
1421 <a href="/contact">contact me</a> |
|
1422 with any feedback or questions for future videos, and |
|
1423 <a href="https://jcs.org/rss">subscribe to my RSS feed&l… |
|
1424 for new videos and other posts.</p> |
|
1425 |
|
1426 <p>Join me and others on |
|
1427 <a href="//libera.chat/">Libera Chat</a> |
|
1428 in the |
|
1429 <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/cyberpals"><code class… |
|
1430 channel if you are interested in following along with this series and ha… |
|
1431 questions or would like to help others.</p></content><author><name… |
|
1432 <a href="/2020/10/28/openbsd_diff">previous episode</… |
|
1433 I quickly ported OpenBSD’s <code class="language-plaintext hig… |
|
1434 files or scroll through the output. |
|
1435 I’ve since added a proper GUI with the ability to select files or fold… |
|
1436 in this episode I walk through the GUI and filesystem code and then add a |
|
1437 proper Edit menu. |
|
1438 I also make a formal release of the code and binary available for downlo… |
|
1439 |
|
1440 |
|
1441 <video controls="1" preload="none" poster="/… |
|
1442 <source src="/videos/2020-11-04.mp4" type="video/mp4… |
|
1443 <track default="" kind="captions" label="E… |
|
1444 <p> |
|
1445 Your browser doesn't seem to support HTML video. |
|
1446 You can download the video in |
|
1447 <a href="//cdn.jcs.org/videos/2020-11-04.mp4" download=&q… |
|
1448 format instead. |
|
1449 </p> |
|
1450 </video> |
|
1451 |
|
1452 |
|
1453 <p>Video notes:</p> |
|
1454 <ul> |
|
1455 <li>Download on the Kludge BBS via <a href="telnet://klu… |
|
1456 <a href="ssh://[email protected]">SSH</a>, and <a h… |
|
1457 modem at <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"… |
|
1458 </ul> |
|
1459 |
|
1460 <p>Please |
|
1461 <a href="/contact">contact me</a> |
|
1462 with any feedback or questions for future videos, and |
|
1463 <a href="https://jcs.org/rss">subscribe to my RSS feed&l… |
|
1464 for new videos and other posts.</p> |
|
1465 |
|
1466 <p>Join me and others on |
|
1467 <a href="//libera.chat/">Libera Chat</a> |
|
1468 in the |
|
1469 <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/cyberpals"><code class… |
|
1470 channel if you are interested in following along with this series and ha… |
|
1471 questions or would like to help others.</p></content><author><name… |
|
1472 development of my IMAP client. |
|
1473 Porting a large system like Git or even CVS would be overkill (and very … |
|
1474 but maybe something small like OpenBSD’s |
|
1475 <a href="https://github.com/openbsd/src/tree/master/usr.bin/rcs&… |
|
1476 implementation would suffice. |
|
1477 For now, just having a <code class="language-plaintext highlight… |
|
1478 the guts of |
|
1479 <a href="https://github.com/openbsd/src/tree/master/usr.bin/diff… |
|
1480 and show it generating a unified diff between revisions of a C file.<… |
|
1481 |
|
1482 |
|
1483 <video controls="1" preload="none" poster="/… |
|
1484 <source src="/videos/2020-10-28.mp4" type="video/mp4… |
|
1485 <track default="" kind="captions" label="E… |
|
1486 <p> |
|
1487 Your browser doesn't seem to support HTML video. |
|
1488 You can download the video in |
|
1489 <a href="//cdn.jcs.org/videos/2020-10-28.mp4" download=&q… |
|
1490 format instead. |
|
1491 </p> |
|
1492 </video> |
|
1493 |
|
1494 |
|
1495 <p>Video notes:</p> |
|
1496 <ul> |
|
1497 <li><a href="https://github.com/openbsd/src/tree/master/… |
|
1498 <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&qu… |
|
1499 THINK C author (thanks to Theo Buehler for letting me know)</li> |
|
1500 <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAkmUi_PpJw… |
|
1501 <li>My <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge… |
|
1502 <li><a href="https://www.tinkerboy.xyz/product/tinkerboy… |
|
1503 </ul> |
|
1504 |
|
1505 <p>Please |
|
1506 <a href="/contact">contact me</a> |
|
1507 with any feedback or questions for future videos, and |
|
1508 <a href="https://jcs.org/rss">subscribe to my RSS feed&l… |
|
1509 for new videos and other posts.</p> |
|
1510 |
|
1511 <p>Join me and others on |
|
1512 <a href="//libera.chat/">Libera Chat</a> |
|
1513 in the |
|
1514 <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/cyberpals"><code class… |
|
1515 channel if you are interested in following along with this series and ha… |
|
1516 questions or would like to help others.</p></content><author><name… |
|
1517 make them appear in the list in bold. |
|
1518 That introduces an off-by-one which I run out of time to fix while recor… |
|
1519 |
|
1520 |
|
1521 <video controls="1" preload="none" poster="/… |
|
1522 <source src="/videos/2020-10-27.mp4" type="video/mp4… |
|
1523 <track default="" kind="captions" label="E… |
|
1524 <p> |
|
1525 Your browser doesn't seem to support HTML video. |
|
1526 You can download the video in |
|
1527 <a href="//cdn.jcs.org/videos/2020-10-27.mp4" download=&q… |
|
1528 format instead. |
|
1529 </p> |
|
1530 </video> |
|
1531 |
|
1532 |
|
1533 <p>Please |
|
1534 <a href="/contact">contact me</a> |
|
1535 with any feedback or questions for future videos, and |
|
1536 <a href="https://jcs.org/rss">subscribe to my RSS feed&l… |
|
1537 for new videos and other posts.</p> |
|
1538 |
|
1539 <p>Join me and others on |
|
1540 <a href="//libera.chat/">Libera Chat</a> |
|
1541 in the |
|
1542 <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/cyberpals"><code class… |
|
1543 channel if you are interested in following along with this series and ha… |
|
1544 questions or would like to help others.</p></content><author><name… |
|
1545 I also review a cleanup of <code class="language-plaintext highl… |
|
1546 throughout the project.</p> |
|
1547 |
|
1548 |
|
1549 <video controls="1" preload="none" poster="/… |
|
1550 <source src="/videos/2020-10-21.mp4" type="video/mp4… |
|
1551 <track default="" kind="captions" label="E… |
|
1552 <p> |
|
1553 Your browser doesn't seem to support HTML video. |
|
1554 You can download the video in |
|
1555 <a href="//cdn.jcs.org/videos/2020-10-21.mp4" download=&q… |
|
1556 format instead. |
|
1557 </p> |
|
1558 </video> |
|
1559 |
|
1560 |
|
1561 <p>Video notes:</p> |
|
1562 |
|
1563 <ul> |
|
1564 <li><a href="https://vintageapple.org/macprogramming/pdf… |
|
1565 <li><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3501#page-58… |
|
1566 <li><a href="/system6c">My “C Programming on S… |
|
1567 </ul> |
|
1568 |
|
1569 <p>Please |
|
1570 <a href="/contact">contact me</a> |
|
1571 with any feedback or questions for future videos, and |
|
1572 <a href="https://jcs.org/rss">subscribe to my RSS feed&l… |
|
1573 for new videos and other posts.</p> |
|
1574 |
|
1575 <p>Join me and others on |
|
1576 <a href="//libera.chat/">Libera Chat</a> |
|
1577 in the |
|
1578 <a href="irc://irc.libera.chat/cyberpals"><code class… |
|
1579 channel if you are interested in following along with this series and ha… |
|
1580 |
