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jackkelly.name.rss.xml - sfeed_tests - sfeed tests and RSS and Atom files |
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jackkelly.name.rss.xml (150211B) |
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
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2 <rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" |
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3 xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> |
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4 <channel> |
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5 <title>Blog | jackkelly.name</title> |
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6 <link>http://jackkelly.name</link> |
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7 <description><![CDATA[Latest posts on jackkelly.name]]></descrip… |
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8 <atom:link href="http://jackkelly.name/blog/rss.xml" rel="self" |
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9 type="application/rss+xml" /> |
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10 <lastBuildDate>Fri, 09 Jul 2021 13:00:00 UT</lastBuildDate> |
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11 <item> |
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12 <title>Free Software's Relevance in 2021</title> |
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13 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2021/07/09/free_softwares_… |
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14 <description><![CDATA[<p>2020 was a bad year at the end of a bad dec… |
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15 <!--more--> |
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16 <h2 id="why-software-freedom-matters">Why Software Freedom Matters</h2> |
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17 <p>Over the past eighteen months, there have been incredible restriction… |
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18 <p>In Australia, we are required by law to report our personal movements… |
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19 <p>We live our lives at the mercy of software, and have been doing so we… |
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20 <ul> |
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21 <li><p>Inflexible automated systems make human compassion and discretion… |
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22 <li><p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robodebt_scheme">“Ro… |
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23 <li><p>“Smart home” devices in general. All software is haunted; a h… |
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24 </ul> |
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25 <p>Being able to inspect, modify and run software on your own terms is v… |
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26 <ul> |
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27 <li>The freedom to run the program for any purpose;</li> |
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28 <li>The freedom to study the program, and to change it;</li> |
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29 <li>The freedom to redistribute copies; and</li> |
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30 <li>The freedom to distribute your modified copies.</li> |
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31 </ul> |
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32 <h2 id="the-four-freedoms-are-not-enough">The Four Freedoms are not Enou… |
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33 <p>These days, the FSF’s four freedoms are not enough to ensure softwa… |
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34 <ul> |
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35 <li><p>Having the ability to see/change/build the source code to a progr… |
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36 <ul> |
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37 <li><p>The large body of BSD/MIT/X11-licenced software allows proprietar… |
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38 <ul> |
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39 <li>Example: Windows certification on x86/amd64 used to require the comp… |
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40 </ul></li> |
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41 <li><p>Software running on a server or “in the cloud” is never “di… |
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42 </ul></li> |
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43 <li><p>The rise of software powered by machine learning models means tha… |
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44 </ul> |
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45 <h2 id="the-market-will-not-save-you">The Market will not Save You</h2> |
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46 <p>For years, privacy advocates have been saying <a href="https://duckdu… |
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47 <ul> |
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48 <li><p>Windows gets a special dishonourable mention:</p> |
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49 <ul> |
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50 <li><p>Windows 10 includes advertising all over the OS, even down to <a … |
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51 <li><p>Windows <a href="https://www.windowslatest.com/2020/11/15/windows… |
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52 <ul> |
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53 <li>Seen <a href="https://www.windowslatest.com/2021/05/31/windows-10-is… |
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54 </ul></li> |
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55 <li><p>Windows has a bad habit of restarting to install “updates”, w… |
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56 </ul></li> |
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57 <li><p>Windows isn’t the only offender of this type. Google recently i… |
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58 <li><p>Even <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24502768">mous… |
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59 <li><p>Have you tried to buy a non-“smart” TV recently? You pretty m… |
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60 </ul> |
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61 <h2 id="copyleft-software-is-not-attractive-enough">Copyleft Software is… |
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62 <p>The FSF’s proposed solution is to release software under <a href="h… |
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63 <h2 id="suggestions">Suggestions</h2> |
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64 <p>I’d love to set out a clear and simple plan to liberate the world t… |
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65 <h3 id="one-make-it-easier-to-contribute-to-copyleft-projects">One: Make… |
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66 <p>The GCC Project recently relaxed its contributing requirements from �… |
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67 <p>If you run a project and proceed on this path, I think it’s most fu… |
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68 <h3 id="two-copyleft-unique-software">Two: Copyleft Unique Software</h3> |
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69 <p>If you publish a copyleft library in a crowded domain, people can fli… |
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70 <p>Famous example in the other direction: <a href="https://www.xiph.org/… |
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71 <h3 id="three-develop-for-emerging-languages">Three: Develop for Emergin… |
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72 <p>A more extreme version of point two: because there are relatively few… |
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73 <p>I think that if copyleft software wants to carve a niche for itself i… |
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74 <ul> |
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75 <li><p>Emerging languages often aim to give developers more power, which… |
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76 <ul> |
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77 <li>Developer tooling is another potential target area, as it’s <a hre… |
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78 </ul></li> |
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79 <li><p>There are often fewer developers in an emerging language overall,… |
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80 <li><p>People working on a new niche may be happy just to “work on the… |
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81 <li><p>There are often large gaps in the libraries available for emergin… |
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82 </ul> |
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83 <p>It could be interesting to see what happens to an emerging language w… |
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84 <h3 id="four-build-ecosystems">Four: Build Ecosystems</h3> |
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85 <p>Generalising point three: a single copyleft library is easily worked … |
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86 <h3 id="five-use-stronger-licenses-when-strategically-possible">Five: Us… |
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87 <p>Especially on unique software (point two), use licenses that provide … |
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88 <h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2> |
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89 <p>I think that free software is vitally important to public society, an… |
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90 <pubDate>Fri, 09 Jul 2021 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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91 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2021/07/09/free_softwares_… |
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92 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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93 </item> |
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94 <item> |
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95 <title>Town of ZZT - Remixed</title> |
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96 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2021/01/05/town_of_zzt_-_r… |
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97 <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>TL;DR:</strong> ZZT is now 30, ther… |
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98 <p>Thirty years ago, on the 15th of January 1991, Tim Sweeney released h… |
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99 <p><img src="/blog/images/zzt/zzt.png" alt="Original TOWN.ZZT Title Scre… |
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100 <!--more--> |
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101 <p>Despite being technially dated even when it came out (<a href="http:/… |
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102 <p>But back to ZZT. ZZT came with an editor, and the game’s simplicity… |
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103 <p>During 2020, the Discord of ZZT community decided to remix the first … |
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104 <p><a href="https://museumofzzt.com/file/t/TOWNRMIX.zip"><img src="/blog… |
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105 <p>This thing is seriously impressive. Most boards had a substantial vis… |
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106 <p><a href="https://twitter.com/worldsofzzt/status/1345202964667875329">… |
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107 <p>The community was a delight to work with, which helped the project fe… |
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108 <p>The museum has a ZIP file explorer and can run ZZT in your browser, s… |
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109 <pubDate>Tue, 05 Jan 2021 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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110 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2021/01/05/town_of_zzt_-_r… |
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111 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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112 </item> |
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113 <item> |
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114 <title>Vaccine Deployment</title> |
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115 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2021/01/04/vaccine_deploym… |
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116 <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>TL;DR:</strong> Despite earlier res… |
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117 <p>(Note: Twitter links have screenshots next to them, as it’s notorio… |
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118 <p>Emergency approvals for the major vaccine candidates (Pfizer/BioNTech… |
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119 <!--more--> |
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120 <ul> |
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121 <li><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033233/https://www.w… |
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122 <blockquote> |
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123 <p>Herd immunity is the indirect protection from an infectious disease t… |
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124 </blockquote></li> |
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125 <li><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114155111/https://www.w… |
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126 <blockquote> |
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127 <p>‘Herd immunity’, also known as ‘population immunity’, is a co… |
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128 </blockquote></li> |
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129 <li><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201231221345/https://www.w… |
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130 <blockquote> |
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131 <p>‘Herd immunity’, also known as ‘population immunity’, is the … |
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132 </blockquote></li> |
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133 </ul> |
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134 <p>The 2020-11-24 definition attempts to <a href="/blog/archives/2020/06… |
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135 <p>What else is changing? Well, we have <a href="https://www.nytimes.com… |
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136 <blockquote> |
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137 <p>In a telephone interview the next day, Dr. Fauci acknowledged that h… |
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138 <p>[…]</p> |
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139 <p>Dr. Fauci said that weeks ago, he had hesitated to publicly raise hi… |
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140 <p>[…]</p> |
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141 <p>“When polls said only about half of all Americans would take a vacc… |
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142 </blockquote> |
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143 <p>It is despicable to gripe that people aren’t “trusting the scienc… |
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144 <h2 id="hows-the-rollout-going">How’s the Rollout Going?</h2> |
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145 <p>We now need more people than ever to get jabbed, and the faster the b… |
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146 <p>How about the rest of the world? Here’s a <a href="https://www.bloo… |
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147 <ul> |
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148 <li>Canada: vaccinators took several days off during holidays.</li> |
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149 <li>UK: a retired GP was unable to volunteer as a vaccinator, because sh… |
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150 <li>US: some doses are being given out to the general public, because th… |
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151 </ul> |
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152 <h2 id="will-people-take-a-vaccine">Will People take a Vaccine?</h2> |
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153 <p>It doesn’t matter how bad the rollout machinery is if nobody is tak… |
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154 <ul> |
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155 <li><a href="https://twitter.com/HHH_Report/status/1340098612487983105">… |
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156 <li><a href="https://twitter.com/conorduffy_7/status/1345175306202722309… |
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157 </ul> |
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158 <p>Would I take a vaccine? I’ve been hesitant about the SARS-CoV-2 vac… |
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159 <p>So why have I changed my mind? I’m concerned by these “<a href="h… |
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160 <details> |
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161 <summary> |
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162 Musings of an anonymous, pissed-off virologist |
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163 </summary> |
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164 <blockquote> |
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165 <p> |
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166 As viruses go, SARS-CoV-2, is quite easy to neutralize with antibodies a… |
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167 </p> |
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168 <p> |
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169 However, if I had a nefarious nature and wanted to ensure that the new S… |
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170 </p> |
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171 <p> |
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172 First, we’d want to maximize the viral population size and diversity. … |
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173 </p> |
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174 <ol> |
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175 <li> |
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176 Delay the rollout of testing, so that the virus could spread undetected,… |
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177 </li> |
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178 <li> |
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179 Implement partial and patchy restrictions on movement and social interac… |
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180 </li> |
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181 <li> |
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182 Keep schools open, claiming that children don’t frequently transmit SA… |
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183 </li> |
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184 <li> |
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185 Start a rumor-mill, making full use of social media and other outlets, w… |
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186 </li> |
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187 </ol> |
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188 <p> |
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189 Second, during or after the establishment of large and diverse viral pop… |
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190 </p> |
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191 <ol start="5"> |
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192 <li> |
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193 Treat tens of thousands of people with uncharacterized convalescent plas… |
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194 </li> |
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195 <li> |
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196 Finally, and here’s the kicker: having developed a remarkable two-dose… |
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197 </li> |
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198 </ol> |
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199 </blockquote> |
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200 </details> |
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201 <p>The world’s pathologically (heh) bad response creates a rich enviro… |
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202 <ol type="1"> |
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203 <li><p>The risk trade-off is much higher because there’s a lot more vi… |
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204 <li><p>Faster vaccination rollout limits the amount of time the virus ha… |
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205 <li><p>The current degree of lockdown is extremely unpleasant, complianc… |
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206 </ol> |
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207 <p>However, I have seen a couple of things that make me a bit cautious. … |
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208 <ol type="1"> |
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209 <li><p>Obviously and badly stage-managed vaccinations. I can’t find th… |
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210 <li><p>Four participants in the vaccine group of one of the Pfizer trial… |
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211 </ol> |
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212 <p>But in Australia, we’re not expecting to see rollout until March or… |
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213 <ol type="1"> |
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214 <li><p>We don’t have widespread community transmission because our hot… |
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215 <p><strong>Note:</strong> This is not a one-sided trade-off. As demonstr… |
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216 <li><p>We probably won’t start seeing the vaccine rollout for a couple… |
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217 <li><p>Australians are more likely to be vaccinated using the Oxford/Ast… |
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218 <li><p><a href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/coronavirus-vaccine-au… |
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219 <blockquote> |
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220 <p>“We will be making the vaccine free and voluntary,” Mr Morrison s… |
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221 </blockquote> |
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222 <p>After a year of noble lies and deceitful manipulation of the public, … |
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223 </ol> |
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224 <p>We are not at the end, we haven’t yet seen the light at the end of … |
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225 <pubDate>Mon, 04 Jan 2021 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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226 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2021/01/04/vaccine_deploym… |
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227 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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228 </item> |
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229 <item> |
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230 <title>Profunctor Decoders? Optical Decoders?</title> |
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231 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/11/03/profunctor_deco… |
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232 <description><![CDATA[<p>I’ve been wrangling with an interesting d… |
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233 <!--more--> |
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234 <h2 id="the-problem">The Problem</h2> |
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235 <p><a href="https://hackage.haskell.org/package/amazonka-dynamodb"><code… |
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236 <p>When storing or retrieving data (e.g., with the <a href="https://hack… |
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237 <ol> |
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238 <li> |
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239 It needs to be composable. There should be little difference between (de… |
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240 </li> |
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241 <li> |
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242 <p>(De)serialising should be as close to bidirectional as possible, but … |
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243 <details> |
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244 <summary> |
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245 Aside: Single-Table Design in DynamoDB |
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246 </summary> |
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247 <p>Alex DeBrie has a great article on <a href="https://www.alexdebrie.co… |
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248 <blockquote> |
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249 In fact, a well-optimized single-table DynamoDB layout looks more like m… |
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250 </blockquote> |
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251 Rick Houlihan has also given some excellent talks about DynamoDB: <a hre… |
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252 </details> |
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253 </li> |
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254 <li> |
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255 It should be symmetric. Where it makes sense, encoding and decoding shou… |
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256 </li> |
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257 <li> |
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258 It should be ergonomic. This is somewhat subjective, but important. Bad … |
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259 </li> |
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260 <li> |
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261 It should have good error reporting. It’s unacceptable to return <code… |
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262 </li> |
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263 </ol> |
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264 <h2 id="non-solution-tofrom-classes">Non-Solution: <code>To</code>/<code… |
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265 <p><a href="https://hackage.haskell.org/package/aeson"><code>aeson</code… |
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266 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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267 <span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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268 <span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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269 <span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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270 <span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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271 <span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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272 <span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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273 <span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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274 <span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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275 <span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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276 <span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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277 <span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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278 <span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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279 <p>This is not acceptable for several reasons:</p> |
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280 <ul> |
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281 <li><p>Type classes for serialisation become awkward across package boun… |
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282 <li><p>Type-class-based serialisation libraries sometimes provide instan… |
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283 <li><p>There’s no symmetry between encoders and decoders. Decoders may… |
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284 </ul> |
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285 <h2 id="partial-solution-profunctorarrow-coders">Partial Solution: Profu… |
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286 <p>We want to be able to abstract our inputs over <code>AttributeValue</… |
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287 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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288 <span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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289 <span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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290 <span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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291 <span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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292 <span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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293 <span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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294 <span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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295 <span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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296 <span id="cb2-10"><a href="#cb2-10" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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297 <span id="cb2-11"><a href="#cb2-11" aria-hidden="true"></a>hoistCoder nt… |
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298 <p>(<code>Star</code> is <a href="https://hackage.haskell.org/package/pr… |
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299 <p>This gives us a whole pile of useful instances, and we can even use i… |
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300 <p>Let’s assume the existence of a simple decoder of <code>Int</code> … |
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301 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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302 <span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true"></a>decodeInt <span… |
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303 <span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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304 <span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true"></a>decodeAtKey</sp… |
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305 <span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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306 <span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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307 <span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true"></a>decodeAtKey k (… |
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308 <span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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309 <p>So far, so good. We could go even further and decode the <code>[HashM… |
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310 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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311 <span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true"></a>encodeInt <span… |
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312 <span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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313 <span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" aria-hidden="true"></a>encodeAtKey</sp… |
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314 <span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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315 <span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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316 <span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" aria-hidden="true"></a>encodeAtKey k (… |
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317 <span id="cb4-8"><a href="#cb4-8" aria-hidden="true"></a> f i <span cla… |
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318 <p>Here’s where the cracks creep in. We’d like to <code>mconcat</cod… |
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319 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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320 <span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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321 <span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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322 <span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true"></a>encodeAtKey k (… |
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323 <span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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324 <span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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325 <span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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326 <span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true"></a>collectHashMap … |
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327 <span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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328 <p>To do this, we’ve had to abandon any pretense of generality in the … |
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329 <h2 id="what-about-optics">What About Optics?</h2> |
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330 <p>Let’s go back to when things were going well, and look more closely… |
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331 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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332 <span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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333 <span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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334 <span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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335 <span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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336 <p>This seems promising, and if we step into the <code>lens</code> unive… |
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337 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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338 <span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2" aria-hidden="true"></a>int <span class… |
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339 <span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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340 <span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4" aria-hidden="true"></a>preview<span cl… |
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341 <span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5" aria-hidden="true"></a>review<span cla… |
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342 <p>Trouble is, it’s very easy to lose prism-ness, and find ourselves s… |
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343 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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344 <span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true"></a>atKey k pr <spa… |
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345 <span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true"></a> (HashMap.sing… |
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346 <span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true"></a> (HashMap.look… |
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347 <p>We’ve found ourselves back at our first problem: we’re making sin… |
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348 <h2 id="pickler-combinators">Pickler Combinators</h2> |
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349 <p>How else can we keep encoding and decoding together? I came across a … |
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350 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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351 <span id="cb9-2"><a href="#cb9-2" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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352 <p>Many examples in the paper do the equivalent of <a href="https://hack… |
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353 <h2 id="what-next">What Next?</h2> |
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354 <p>I’m not really satisfied by any of the options in this post, but th… |
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355 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code … |
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356 <p>While I haven’t found a good story for bidirectional {en,de}coding,… |
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357 <ul> |
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358 <li>With <code>g ~ Either AnError</code>, you can report failure;</li> |
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359 <li>With <code>g ~ Endo</code>, you can build up maps or other data stru… |
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360 <li>With <code>g ~ Compose IO (Const ())</code>, you can execute actions… |
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361 <li>With <code>g ~ ((,) i)</code>, you can pass unconsumed input to a do… |
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362 </ul> |
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363 <p>There’s a few things I’m hoping to do, to see whether or not this… |
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364 <ul> |
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365 <li>Build a vocabulary of combinators to lift <code>Coder</code>s in and… |
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366 <li>Build out a vocabulary of primitive {en,de}-coders for DynamoDB <cod… |
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367 <li>Work out how to make the different functors for the <code>g</code> p… |
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368 <li>Decide whether the <code>f</code> parameter on the input is worth th… |
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369 </ul>]]></description> |
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370 <pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2020 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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371 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/11/03/profunctor_deco… |
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372 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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373 </item> |
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374 <item> |
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375 <title>Accidentally-Quadratic HashMaps</title> |
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376 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/10/16/accidentally-qu… |
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377 <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>TL;DR:</strong> Unless you’re car… |
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378 <ol type="1"> |
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379 <li><p>Building a <code>Map</code> (from <a href="https://hackage.haskel… |
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380 <li><p>Using <code>foldr</code> or <code>foldl</code> with <code>insert<… |
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381 <li><p>Using <code>foldMap</code> to build an intermediate list <code>[(… |
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382 </ol> |
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383 <p>Shout-out to <a href="https://luke.worth.id.au/">Luke Worth</a> who f… |
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384 <!--more--> |
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385 <h2 id="foldmap"><code>foldMap</code></h2> |
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386 <p>The <code>foldMap</code> function is a very convenient way to build u… |
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387 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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388 <span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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389 <span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="co… |
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390 <span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="fu… |
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391 <span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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392 <span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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393 <p>You map each <code>a</code> to a map (usually with the <code>singleto… |
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394 <p>The <code>Monoid</code> instance for <code>HashMap</code> is implemen… |
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395 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode haskell"><code c… |
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396 <p>Assume each <code>m_i</code> is a singleton map (size <span class="ma… |
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397 <ul> |
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398 <li><p><span class="math inline"><em>K</em><sub>1</sub></span>, the cost… |
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399 <li><p><span class="math inline"><em>K</em><sub>2</sub></span>, the cost… |
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400 <li><p><span class="math inline"><em>K</em><sub>3</sub></span>, the cost… |
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401 <li><p>Generally, the cost of the <span class="math inline"><em>i</em><s… |
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402 </ul> |
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403 <p>If you expand out the <span class="math inline"><em>K</em><sub><em>N<… |
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404 <h2 id="why-is-map-fine">Why is <code>Map</code> Fine?</h2> |
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405 <p><a href="https://hackage.haskell.org/package/containers-0.6.0.1/docs/… |
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406 <h2 id="what-if-i-need-hashmap">What if I Need <code>HashMap</code>?</h2> |
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407 <p>There are at least a couple of ways to turn a <code>Foldable</code> i… |
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408 <ol type="1"> |
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409 <li><p><code>HashMap</code>’s <a href="https://hackage.haskell.org/pac… |
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410 <li><p>If you’re not building singleton maps, you could try building a… |
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411 </ol> |
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412 <h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2> |
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413 <p><code>Map</code> can be surprisingly fast, and <code>HashMap</code> c… |
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414 <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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415 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/10/16/accidentally-qu… |
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416 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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417 </item> |
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418 <item> |
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419 <title>Building and Importing NixOS AMIs on EC2</title> |
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420 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/08/30/building_and_im… |
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421 <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Update (2020-09-03):</strong> <a hr… |
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422 <p><strong>Update (2020-11-29):</strong> Added notes on the impact of in… |
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423 <p>The <a href="https://nixos.org">NixOS</a> project publishes Amazon Ma… |
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424 <h2 id="getting-a-nixos-ami">Getting a NixOS AMI</h2> |
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425 <p>There are few good ways to get AMI IDs for NixOS project images:</p> |
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426 <ul> |
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427 <li><p>The NixOS project publishes its images with <code>owner-id=080433… |
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428 <pre><code># Return the most recent AArch64 NixOS image in the region |
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429 $ aws ec2 describe-images \ |
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430 --region ap-southeast-2 \ |
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431 --filters Name=owner-id,Values=080433136561 \ |
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432 | jq '.Images | map(select(.Architecture == "arm64")) | … |
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433 { |
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434 "ImageId": "ami-05446a2f818cd3263", |
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435 "Description": "NixOS 20.03.2351.f8248ab6d9e aarch64-li… |
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436 }</code></pre></li> |
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437 <li><p>The <a href="https://nixos.org/download.html">NixOS download page… |
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438 <li><p>There is a list of AMIs going back to NixOS 14.04 in <a href="htt… |
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439 <pre><code>$ nix eval --raw '(import <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/virtu… |
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440 ami-04c0f3a75f63daddd</code></pre></li> |
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441 </ul> |
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442 <!--more--> |
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443 <h2 id="configuring-nixos-inside-the-ami">Configuring NixOS inside the A… |
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444 <p>The NixOS AMIs can rebuild themselves from NixOS configuration in <a … |
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445 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode nix"><code class… |
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446 <span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="co… |
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447 <span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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448 <span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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449 <span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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450 <span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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451 <span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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452 <p>On each boot the system refreshes its configuration:</p> |
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453 <ul> |
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454 <li><p><code>root</code>’s channels are replaced with the ones listed … |
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455 <li><p>If any channels were found, <code>nix-channel --update</code> run… |
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456 <li><p><code>/etc/nixos/configuration.nix</code> is replaced with the en… |
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457 <li><p><code>nixos-rebuild switch</code> runs, rebuilding the OS.</p></l… |
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458 </ul> |
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459 <p>If you only want this to happen once, you can set <code>systemd.servi… |
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460 <h3 id="how-it-works">How it Works</h3> |
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461 <p>EC2 instance meta data and user data (if it exists) gets downloaded f… |
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462 <ul> |
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463 <li><p>A script on the initramfs will query the IMDS and download the us… |
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464 <li><p>On each boot, a systemd service called <a href="https://github.co… |
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465 <ul> |
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466 <li><p>Sets the host name, if not set by the NixOS configuration (<a hre… |
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467 <li><p>Sets root’s <code>authorized_keys</code> file to contain the fi… |
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468 <li><p>Checks for SSH host keypairs in user data, treating the user data… |
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469 </ul></li> |
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470 <li><p>On each boot, a systemd service called <a href="https://github.co… |
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471 <li><p>On each boot, a systemd service called <a href="https://github.co… |
|
472 </ul> |
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473 <h2 id="customising-your-nixos-amis">Customising your NixOS AMIs</h2> |
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474 <p>Evaluating a full NixOS configuration on each boot can take a lot of … |
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475 <p>A tool like <a href="https://www.packer.io/">Packer</a> can help you … |
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476 <ul> |
|
477 <li><p>Upload <code>configuration.nix</code> and replace <code>/etc/nixo… |
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478 <li><p>Invoke <code>nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade</code> to build the n… |
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479 <li><p>(Optional) Run <code>nix-collect-garbage -d</code> to remove old … |
|
480 </ul> |
|
481 <p>There is one more <strong>very important</strong> step you must do at… |
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482 <p>Here’s a simple packer configuration that provisions a NixOS AMI wi… |
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483 <details> |
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484 <summary> |
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485 <code>nixos-packer-example.json</code> |
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486 </summary> |
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487 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode json"><code clas… |
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488 <span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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489 <span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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490 <span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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491 <span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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492 <span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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493 <span id="cb4-7"><a href="#cb4-7" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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494 <span id="cb4-8"><a href="#cb4-8" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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495 <span id="cb4-9"><a href="#cb4-9" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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496 <span id="cb4-10"><a href="#cb4-10" aria-hidden="true"></a> <sp… |
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497 <span id="cb4-11"><a href="#cb4-11" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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498 <span id="cb4-12"><a href="#cb4-12" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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499 <span id="cb4-13"><a href="#cb4-13" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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500 <span id="cb4-14"><a href="#cb4-14" aria-hidden="true"></a> <sp… |
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501 <span id="cb4-15"><a href="#cb4-15" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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502 <span id="cb4-16"><a href="#cb4-16" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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503 <span id="cb4-17"><a href="#cb4-17" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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504 <span id="cb4-18"><a href="#cb4-18" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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505 <span id="cb4-19"><a href="#cb4-19" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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506 <span id="cb4-20"><a href="#cb4-20" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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507 <span id="cb4-21"><a href="#cb4-21" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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508 <span id="cb4-22"><a href="#cb4-22" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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509 <span id="cb4-23"><a href="#cb4-23" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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510 <span id="cb4-24"><a href="#cb4-24" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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511 <span id="cb4-25"><a href="#cb4-25" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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512 <span id="cb4-26"><a href="#cb4-26" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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513 <span id="cb4-27"><a href="#cb4-27" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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514 <span id="cb4-28"><a href="#cb4-28" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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515 <span id="cb4-29"><a href="#cb4-29" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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516 <span id="cb4-30"><a href="#cb4-30" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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517 <span id="cb4-31"><a href="#cb4-31" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span… |
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518 <span id="cb4-32"><a href="#cb4-32" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span c… |
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519 <span id="cb4-33"><a href="#cb4-33" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span cla… |
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520 <span id="cb4-34"><a href="#cb4-34" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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521 <span id="cb4-35"><a href="#cb4-35" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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522 </details> |
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523 <details> |
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524 <summary> |
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525 <code>configuration.nix</code> |
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526 </summary> |
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527 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode nix"><code class… |
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528 <span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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529 <span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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530 <span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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531 <span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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532 <span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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533 <span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="kw… |
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534 </details> |
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535 <p>Save the two files to the same directory, and run <code>packer build … |
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536 <h3 id="instance-resource-limits">Instance Resource Limits</h3> |
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537 <p><code>nixos-rebuild</code> can easily use all the instance’s disk s… |
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538 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode json"><code clas… |
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539 <span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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540 <span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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541 <span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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542 <span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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543 <span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class… |
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544 <span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true"></a> <span class="… |
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545 <span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="ot… |
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546 <p>Some builds (e.g., anything that triggers a rebuild of NixOS document… |
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547 <h2 id="building-nixos-amis-from-scratch">Building NixOS AMIs from Scrat… |
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548 <p>Customising NixOS AMIs with a tool like <code>packer</code> lets you … |
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549 <p>You can build a <code>.vhd</code> virtual HD image using the infrastr… |
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550 <pre><code>$ nix-build '<nixpkgs/nixos/release.nix>' \ |
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551 -A amazonImage.x86_64-linux \ |
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552 --arg configuration /path/to/configuration.nix</code></pre> |
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553 <p>These builds boot a VM to finish the build, so you will want ample CP… |
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554 <p>The <a href="https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-generators">nixos… |
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555 <p>Either way, once you’ve built the <code>.vhd</code> file, you’ll … |
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556 <p>(It should also be possible to specify <code>-A amazonImage.aarch64-l… |
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557 <p>The <code>configuration</code> argument is not strictly necessary, bu… |
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558 <p>Once the build finishes, the symlink <code>result</code> will point t… |
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559 <h2 id="importing-the-image-into-an-ami">Importing the image into an AMI… |
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560 <p>Once you have built your image, you need to import it into EC2 as an … |
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561 <p>VM Import/Export needs an S3 bucket to store the images before trigge… |
|
562 <details> |
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563 <summary> |
|
564 <code>template.yaml</code> for VM Import |
|
565 </summary> |
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566 <div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode yaml"><code clas… |
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567 <span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="fu… |
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568 <span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="fu… |
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569 <span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="at… |
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570 <span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="at… |
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571 <span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="at… |
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572 <span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="at… |
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573 <span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="at… |
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574 <span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="at… |
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575 <span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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576 <span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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577 <span id="cb8-12"><a href="#cb8-12" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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578 <span id="cb8-13"><a href="#cb8-13" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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579 <span id="cb8-14"><a href="#cb8-14" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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580 <span id="cb8-15"><a href="#cb8-15" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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581 <span id="cb8-16"><a href="#cb8-16" aria-hidden="true"></a></span> |
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582 <span id="cb8-17"><a href="#cb8-17" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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612 <span id="cb8-47"><a href="#cb8-47" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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613 <span id="cb8-48"><a href="#cb8-48" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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614 <span id="cb8-49"><a href="#cb8-49" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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615 <span id="cb8-50"><a href="#cb8-50" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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616 <span id="cb8-51"><a href="#cb8-51" aria-hidden="true"></a><span class="… |
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617 </details> |
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618 <p>There are a few things to note before you use the <code>template.yaml… |
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619 <ul> |
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620 <li><p>The template only creates a bucket for import. I didn’t need to… |
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621 <li><p>The role must be called <code>vmimport</code> for VM Import/Expor… |
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622 <li><p>You will need to deploy the stack with <code>CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM… |
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623 <li><p>If you try to pull the stack down, CloudFormation will not delete… |
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624 </ul> |
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625 <p>Once you have the role and bucket set up, you can import your NixOS i… |
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626 <ul> |
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627 <li><p>Uploads the <code>.vhd</code> image to S3 if it doesn’t already… |
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628 <li><p>Imports the <code>.vhd</code> from S3 to an EBS snapshot, by call… |
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629 <li><p>Waits for the snapshot import to finish, by calling <code>aws ec2… |
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630 <li><p>Registers the EBS snapshot as an AMI, by calling <code>aws ec2 … |
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631 <li><p>Waits for the registration to finish, by calling <code>aws ec2 … |
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632 <li><p>Makes the new AMI public, by calling <code>aws ec2 modify-image-a… |
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633 <li><p>Copies the AMI to all the other regions and makes them public, by… |
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634 </ul> |
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635 <p>For tinkering, it’s probably enough to comment out the calls to <co… |
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636 <h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2> |
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637 <p>I think customising the NixOS project’s images with a tool like <co… |
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638 <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2020 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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639 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/08/30/building_and_im… |
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640 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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641 </item> |
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642 <item> |
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643 <title>How to Follow an Issue</title> |
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644 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/08/26/how_to_follow_a… |
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645 <description><![CDATA[<p>Roughly six months ago, the COVID-19 pandem… |
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646 <p>Most people reading this are already rightfully suspicious of the Mur… |
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647 <p>I will use the tale of hydroxychloroquine as an example, because it�… |
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648 <!--more--> |
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649 <h2 id="hydroxychloroquine">Hydroxychloroquine</h2> |
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650 <p>At the start of August, the ABC published an article about <a href="h… |
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651 <ol type="1"> |
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652 <li>GLORIOUS LEADER MAKES SUN RISE FOR AMERICAN PATRIOTS</li> |
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653 <li>Sunlight is deadly. Stay safe, stay inside.</li> |
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654 </ol> |
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655 <p>Trump is really not that great, but his critics undermine themselves … |
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656 <blockquote> |
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657 ‘On March 19, Trump said the drug could be a “game changer” at a W… |
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658 </blockquote> |
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659 <p>Here’s what the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScdYrN3BWT… |
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660 <blockquote> |
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661 “I think it’s going to be very exciting, I think it could be a game … |
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662 </blockquote> |
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663 <p>Notice that the word “could” is literally spoken by Trump, but is… |
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664 <p>If you want a decent article about the politicisation of HCQ, <a href… |
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665 <ul> |
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666 <li>The combination of HCQ and azithromycin;</li> |
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667 <li>Sometimes supplemented with zinc;</li> |
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668 <li>Delivered early in a person’s case of COVID-19.</li> |
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669 </ul> |
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670 <p>Nevertheless, most of the trials were run with HCQ alone as a last-re… |
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671 <p>I do not have an opinion on whether or not HCQ/AZ is effective — th… |
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672 <h2 id="sneaky-edits">Sneaky edits</h2> |
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673 <p>Look closely at the ABC article I linked at the start of this essay. … |
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674 <h2 id="how-to-properly-follow-an-issue">How to properly follow an issue… |
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675 <p>So how are you going to actually form an accurate view of an emerging… |
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676 <p>As you read articles, you need to build an archive to link everything… |
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677 <p>When you find older articles, check their edit history if you can. Th… |
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678 <p>The next level beyond “URLs and notes” is maintaining your own ar… |
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679 <p>Individual competent people are often a much better source than media… |
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680 <blockquote> |
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681 <p>Does everyone here know that i keep a daily log about covid-19? I’m… |
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682 Cant bullshit me |
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683 </blockquote> |
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684 <p>Unfortunately, the link to his website no longer works. But you can a… |
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685 <h2 id="how-well-did-i-do">How well did I do?</h2> |
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686 <p>How well did I follow the whole COVID-19 thing? I give myself a C-min… |
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687 <h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2> |
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688 <p>If this all sounds like a lot of work, that’s because it is. If it … |
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689 <ol type="1"> |
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690 <li><p>Dip your toe in the water. Get <em>just enough</em> information s… |
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691 <li><p>Wade right in. Set up your archive, take notes, and be able to ba… |
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692 </ol> |
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693 <p>Anything in-between is not really worth it.</p>]]></description> |
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694 <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2020 13:00:00 UT</pubDate> |
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695 <guid>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/08/26/how_to_follow_a… |
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696 <dc:creator>Jack Kelly</dc:creator> |
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697 </item> |
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698 <item> |
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699 <title>Abstracting over Applicative, Alternative, Divisible, and Dec… |
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700 <link>http://jackkelly.name/blog/archives/2020/08/19/abstracting_ove… |
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701 <description><
