CGI.md - geomyidae - A small C-based gopherd. | |
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CGI.md (4280B) | |
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1 # Introduction to CGI | |
2 | |
3 Geomyidae has support for running scripts on each request, which will | |
4 generate dynamic content. | |
5 | |
6 There are three modes: standard cgi, dynamic cgi and http compatibility | |
7 mode. (»CGI« as name was just taken, because that's easier to compare | |
8 to the web.) | |
9 | |
10 | |
11 ## Permissions | |
12 | |
13 The scripts are run using the permissions of geomyidae. It is advised to | |
14 use the -g and -u options of geomyidae. | |
15 | |
16 | |
17 ## Beforehand | |
18 | |
19 In these examples C: is what the client sends and S: what the server is | |
20 sending. | |
21 | |
22 ## Stdout/Stdin I/O of the Scripts | |
23 | |
24 All scripts called below, in TLS or Non-TLS mode, will get full access of | |
25 the socket of the connection, with the socket bound to stdin and stdout. | |
26 Geomyidae does not check for any connection duration. This allows to | |
27 create long-lasting streaming services, like radio or TV stations. | |
28 | |
29 ## Calling Convention | |
30 | |
31 Geomyidae will call the script like this: | |
32 | |
33 % $gopherroot/test.cgi $search $arguments $host $port $traversal | |
34 $selector | |
35 | |
36 When it is a plain request, the arguments will have these values: | |
37 | |
38 C: /test.cgi | |
39 -> $search = "" | |
40 -> $arguments = "" | |
41 -> $host = server host | |
42 -> $port = server port | |
43 -> $traversal = "" | |
44 -> $selector = "/test.cgi" | |
45 | |
46 If the request is for a type 7 search element, then the entered string by | |
47 the user will be seen as following: | |
48 | |
49 C: /test.cgi searchterm (There is a TAB in… | |
50 -> $search = »searchterm« | |
51 -> $arguments = "" | |
52 -> $host = server host | |
53 -> $port = server port | |
54 -> $traversal = "" | |
55 -> $selector = "/test.cgi\tsearchterm" | |
56 | |
57 When you are trying to give your script some calling arguments, the synt… | |
58 is: | |
59 | |
60 C: /test.cgi?hello | |
61 -> $search = "" | |
62 -> $arguments = "hello" | |
63 -> $host = server host | |
64 -> $port = server port | |
65 -> $traversal = "" | |
66 -> $selector = "/test.cgi?hello" | |
67 | |
68 If both ways of input are combined, the variables are set as following: | |
69 | |
70 C: /test.cgi?hello=world searchterm (Beware! A Tab… | |
71 -> $search = "searchterm" | |
72 -> $arguments = "hello=world" | |
73 -> $host = server host | |
74 -> $port = server port | |
75 -> $traversal = "" | |
76 -> $selector = "/test.cgi?hello=world\tsearchterm" | |
77 | |
78 ## REST Calling Convention | |
79 | |
80 There is a special mode in geomyidae to imitate REST calling abilities. | |
81 | |
82 When a user requests some non-existing path, geomyidae will start from | |
83 the base and go up the path directories, until it reaches the first not | |
84 existing directory. | |
85 | |
86 C: /base/some/dir/that/does/not/exist?some-arguments sear… | |
87 -> base exists | |
88 -> some exists | |
89 -> dir does not exist | |
90 -> search for index.cgi or index.dcgi in /base/some | |
91 -> if found, call index.cgi or index.dcgi as follows: | |
92 -> $search = "searchterm" | |
93 -> $arguments = "some-arguments" | |
94 -> $host = server host | |
95 -> $port = server port | |
96 -> $traversal = "/dir/that/does/not/exist" | |
97 -> $selector = "/base/some/dir/that/does/not/exist?some-… | |
98 | |
99 ## Standard CGI | |
100 | |
101 The file extension "cgi" switches to this mode, where the output of | |
102 the script is not interpreted at all by the server and the script needs | |
103 to send raw content. | |
104 | |
105 % cat test.cgi | |
106 #!/bin/sh | |
107 echo "Hello my friend." | |
108 % | |
109 | |
110 The client will receive: | |
111 | |
112 S: Hello my friend. | |
113 | |
114 | |
115 ## Dynamic CGI | |
116 | |
117 For using dynamic CGI, the file needs to end in "dcgi", which will | |
118 switch on the interpretation of the returned lines by the server. The | |
119 interpreted for- mat is the same as in the .gph files. | |
120 | |
121 % cat test.dcgi | |
122 #!/bin/sh | |
123 echo "[1|Some link|/somewhere|server|port]" | |
124 % | |
125 | |
126 Here geomyidae will interpret the .gph format and return the valid | |
127 gopher menu item. | |
128 | |
129 S: 1Some link /somewhere gopher.r-36.net 70 | |
130 | |
131 ## HTTP Compatibility | |
132 | |
133 In case someone sends some HTTP request to geomyidae and other cases, | |
134 geomyidae will do this: | |
135 | |
136 C: GET /some/dir HTTP/1.1 | |
137 -> /GET does exist and is executable | |
138 -> call GET as follows: | |
139 -> $search = "" | |
140 -> $arguments = "" | |
141 -> $host = server host | |
142 -> $port = server port | |
143 -> $traversal = "" | |
144 -> $selector = "GET /some/dir HTTP/1.1\r\n" | |
145 (full raw request by the client.) | |
146 | |
147 This allows to serve HTTP next go gopher and get TLS for free. Other | |
148 HTTP-like protocols can be used over gopher in simple scripts, like the | |
149 icecast upload protocol. | |
150 | |
151 ## Environment Variables | |
152 | |
153 Please see the manpage geomyidae(8) for all variables and their content. | |
154 All states of the script execution environment and client request are | |
155 available. | |
156 | |
157 | |
158 Have fun! | |
159 |