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<TITLE> Polish Language Course - Lesson 4</TITLE>
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<H5><A HREF="lessidx.htm">Main Page</A>&nbsp&nbsp<A HREF="less0.htm">Lessons</A></H5>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>Polish Language Course</H1>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>Lekcja czwarta</H1>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>(Lesson 4)</H1>

<H3>Contents</H3>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#D123">Dialogues 1,3 and Text 2. Verb conjugation. Questions.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#D45">Text 4 and dialogue 5. Personal pronouns (continued).</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G">Grammar</A>
<OL>
<LI><A HREF="#G1">Plurals of adjectives and ordinals.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G2">Personal pronouns.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G3">Polish verbs.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G4">Polish verbs. Conjugation - present tense, singular.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G5">Reflexive verbs.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G6">Declension of nouns, accusative.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G7">Declension of nouns, instrumental case of neuter nouns.</A>
<LI><A HREF="#G8">Pronunciation.</A>
</OL>
<LI><A HREF="#A">Exercises A</A>
<LI><A HREF="#B">Exercises B</A>
</UL>

<H4><A NAME="D123"></A>Dialogue 1</H4>


Monika: - Cze��! Nazywam si� Monika. Jak si� nazywasz? 
Adam: - Nazywam si� Adam. 
M: - Co robisz? 
A: - Czytam ksi��k�. 
M: - Jak on si� nazywa? 
A: - On si� nazywa Robert. 
M: - Co on robi? 
A: - On pisze list. 
M: - Jak ona si� nazywa? 
A: - Ona si� nazywa Barbara. 
M: - Co ona robi? 
A: - Czyta. 

<H4>Text 2 (verb conjugation)</H4>


Ja nazywam si� Monika.
Ty nazywasz si� Adam.
On nazywa si� Robert.
Ona nazywa si� Barbara. 
Ja czytam ksi��k�.
Czytasz list.
Barbara czyta podr�cznik. 
Pisz� list.
Piszesz opowiadanie.
Robert pisze list. 
Ja robi� �niadanie.
Robisz obiad.
Ona robi kolacj�. 

<H4>Dialogue 3 (questions)</H4>


- Jak si� nazywasz? 
- Nazywam si� Robert. 
- Co to jest? 
- To jest ksi��ka. 
- Co robisz? 
- Czytam ksi��k�. 
- Kto to jest? 
- To jest Monika. 

<H3>Vocabulary</H3>

nazywa� - name, call (imperfective infinitive) 
nazywa� si� - {name oneself} (reflexive imperfective infinitive) 
si� - oneself, myself, yourself, himself, herself, etc. (-self) 
robi� - do, make (imperfective infinitive) 
pisa� - write (imperfective infinitive) 
czyta� - read (imperfective infinitive) 
co - what 
kto - who 
jak - how 
list - letter (m) 
podr�cznik - manual, textbook, coursebook (m) 
opowiadanie - story (n) 
�niadanie - breakfast (n) 
obiad - lunch/dinner (m), main meal of the day (taken between 1 pm and 3 pm) 
kolacja - dinner/supper (f), evening meal 

jak si� nazywasz? - what is your name? (word for word translation: how do you name yourself?) 
co robisz? - what are you doing? 
czytam ksi��k� - I am reading a book 
co to jest? - what is this? 
kto to jest? - who is this? 

<H4><A NAME="D45"></A>Text 4 (usage of personal pronouns, plurals of adjectives)</H4>


To jest st�. On jest br�zowy. St� jest br�zowy. 
To jest ksi��ka. Ona jest zielona. Ksi��ka jest zielona. 
To jest pi�ro. Ono jest niebieskie. Pi�ro jest niebieskie. 
St� i d�ugopis s� czarne. One s� czarne. 
Ksi��ka i lampa s� czerwone. One s� czerwone. 
Pi�ro i krzes�o s� ��te. One s� ��te. 
D�ugopis i lampa s� fioletowe. One s� fioletowe. 
D�ugopis i krzes�o s� bia�e. One s� bia�e. 
Lampa i krzes�o s� r�owe. One s� r�owe. 
Robert i Adam s� wysocy, szczupli i przystojni. 
Anna i Karol s� grubi, niscy i mili. 
Monika i Diana s� m�ode i �adne. 

<H4>Dialogue 5 (in a zoo)</H4>

B: - Co tam jest? 
R: - Nie widzisz? Tam jest tygrys. 
B: - O tak, widz� tygrysa, a tutaj jest �yrafa. 
R: - Jak si� nazywa ten tygrys? Jak si� nazywa ta �yrafa? 
B: - Tygrys si� nazywa Jacek. �yrafa si� nazywa Anna. 
R: - Jak si� nazywa to zwierz�? 
B: - Kangur. 

<H3>Vocabulary</H3>

czarny - black 
czerwony - red 
��ty - yellow 
fioletowy - violet 
bia�y - white 
r�owy - pink 
przystojny - handsome 
m�ody - young 
�adny - nice, pretty (of a woman), lovely 
tutaj - here 
tu - here (tu = tutaj) 
tam - there 
ten, ta, to - this (demostrative pronouns for m/f/n nouns, respectively) 
tygrys - tiger (m) 
�yrafa - giraffe (f) 
kangur - kangaroo (m) 
zwierz� - animal (n) 
widzie� - see, can see (imperfective infinitive) 
nie widzisz? - can't you see? 
o tak - oh yes!

<H3><A NAME="G"></A>Grammar</H3>

<H4><A NAME="G1"></A><A NAME="1"></A>1. Plurals of adjectives and ordinals.</H4>

In the plural, adjectives and ordinal numbers have two forms. I call them
virile and non-virile.
The former one is used when talking about a group of objects containg
at least one man, otherwise the latter form is used
(see also the information about personal pronouns below).

The endings are the following
-i (generally) or -y for virile and
-e for non-virile.
However making a virile form could be a little difficult
because of possible stem changes (non-virile forms are regular).
See tables below to find out how to make the plurals.


<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TH>gender</TH><TH COLSPAN=1>singular masculine</TH>
<TH COLSPAN=1>plural virile</TH>
<TH COLSPAN=1>plural non-virile</TH>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>stem does not change considerably
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-by -py -wy -my 
-ny
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-bi -pi -wi -mi 
-ni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>stem does not change
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-dzy -cy -czy -�y
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-dzy -cy -czy -�y*
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>r : rz sz : s' ch : s' d : dz' t : c' st : �c' 
� : l s� : �l z� : �l sn : �n' zn : �n'
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-ry -szy -chy 
-dy -ty -sty -�y -s�y -z�y 
-sny -zny
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-rzy -si -si 
-dzi -ci -�ci -li -�li -�li 
-�ni -�ni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>g' : dz k' : c
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-gi -ki
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-dzy -cy
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>stem does not change
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-i (not -gi, -ki)
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-i (unchanged)
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>examples
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>gruby niebieski pierwszy trzeci ostatni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>grubi niebiescy pierwsi trzeci ostatni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>grube niebieskie pierwsze trzecie ostatnie
</TABLE>

Notes:
<OL>
<LI>If a stem of a masculine adjective/numeral ends with k
or g then the last letter must be i not y
(niebieski, not niebiesky). This i also appears
in neuter and non-virile forms (niebieskie) but feminine and
virile forms do not take i.
<LI>There are a few adjectives/numerals (e.g. ostatni, trzeci)
which nominative masculine forms end with i however the previous letter
is neither k nor g. In this case
i belongs to a stem and appears in all forms.
<LI>* says that there are a few exceptions.
</OL>

In the first column I have put the key to the stem changes, ie. which letters are
replaced in a stem. For example: r : rz means that you should write rz
instead of r, similarly sz : s' tells you that sz changes to
the soft s, which is written as si here, etc.

<H4><A NAME="G2"></A>2. Personal pronouns.</H4>

We will concentrate on the following pronouns only: on, ona, ono, oni and
one. Any of these pronouns can replace a nominative noun/nouns.


<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TH>pronoun</TH><TH>gender</TH><TH>replaces</TH><TH>examples</TH>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>on
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>masculine
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>a masculine noun
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>d�ugopis
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>ona
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>feminine
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>a feminine noun
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>lampa
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>ono
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>neuter
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>a neuter noun
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�ro
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>oni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>virile
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>a group of objects containg at least one man
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>Adam i Robert Adam i Monika
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>one
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>non-virile
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>other groups
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>Monika i Barbara lampa i pi�ro 
</TABLE>

Adjectives agree with the nouns in gender, number and case. It means that
you describe oni with virile (and one with non-virile)
adjectives.

<H4><A NAME="G3"></A>3. Polish verbs.</H4>

Polish verbs have personal and impersonal forms. Personal forms conjugate for
<UL>
<LI>person (first, second and third)
<LI>number (singular, plural)
<LI>tense (present, past, future)
<LI>voice (active, passive, reflexive)
<LI>mood (indicative, conditional, imperative).
</UL>
and can be either perfective or imperfective.

Impersonal forms include:
<UL>
<LI>infinitive (ends with -� or -c) - does not inflect
<LI>active adjectival participle - inflects for case, number and gender
<LI>passive adjectival participle - inflects for case, number and gender
<LI>present adverbial participle - does not inflect
<LI>perfect adverbial participle - does not inflect
<LI>adverbial form of passive adjectival participle - does not inflect
<LI>past participle - inflects for number and gender
</UL>

Verbs can be <A HREF=grammar/verbs.htm>divided into 11 main stem groups</A>
(some of them consists of a few subgroups)
in accordance with its conjugation. However this division could be useful rather for
a verb conjugating computer program than for you, so you will also be shown an easier and
convienent division into three conjugations. 
From now in the vocabulary section, after an English meaning you will find more
information about a verb. It will be indicated if the verb is irregular,
perfective or imperfective, and information about the conjugation (I, II or III)
and the stem group (I-XI) the verb belongs to will be given. For example
by� - be (imperfective, irregular) 
robi� - do, make (imperf, conjugation: II, stem group: VIa) 
pisa� - write (imperf, I, IX) 
czyta� - read (imperf, III, I) 
widzie� - see, can see (imperf, II, VIIa) 
It is very important to know how verbs inflect because
in dictionaries you find only infinitives.

<H4><A NAME="G4"></A>4. Polish verbs. Conjugation - present tense, singular.</H4>

Any imperfective verb conjugate in the present tense. The endings are the following
(in the singular)
<UL>
<LI> 1st person: -m, -�
<LI> 2nd person: -sz
<LI> 3rd person has no ending
</UL>

But the main problem for you will be the stem, not the ending.
Thus you will be given not only the ending but also the last letter of the stem or even the
whole word.
Look at the following table to learn how to conjugate the verbs introduced in this lesson.
You should memorize the conjugation patterns given in the last column.


<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TH COLSPAN=2>infinitive</TH><TH COLSPAN=2>singular forms</TH>
<TH WIDTH=15%>conjugation</TH><TH COLSPAN=2>patterns</TH>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2>czyta�
<TD ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2>(ja) czytam (ty) czytasz (on/ona/ono) czyta
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>III
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-am -asz -a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-em -esz -e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>robi�
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>widzie�
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>robi� robisz robi
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>widz� widzisz widzi
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>II
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-� -isz -i
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-� -ysz -y
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2>pisa�
<TD ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2>pisz� piszesz pisze
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>I
<TD ALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2>-� -esz -e
</TABLE>

Notes:
<OL>
<LI>The third conjugation (III) is the most regular one, generally with no stem changes.
<LI>There are only a few verbs of the third conjugation which inflection is described
by the second pattern (-em, -esz, -e).
</OL>

The present tense is used when talking about an action occuring at the time of speaking.
The Polish present tense can be translated into English using the following tenses
<UL>
<LI>Present Simple or
<LI>Present Continuous or
<LI>Present Perfect
</UL>
The converse translation, however, can be made except for Present Perfect which is translated
as Polish present tense or past tense.

<H4><A NAME="G5"></A>5. Reflexive verbs.</H4>

Polish verbs can have active, passive or reflexive forms.
There are very few reflexive verbs in English (eg. betake oneself,
avail oneself), in other languages they are numerous, especially in Spanish
(levantarse) or French (se lever). A Polish reflexive verb
is easily obtainable from the active by adding a reflexive pronoun si�.
So the verb nazywa� si� (third conjugation - see above) is inflected
as follows:
<OL>
<LI>(ja) nazywam si�
<LI>(ty) nazywasz si�
<LI>(on/ona/ono) nazywa si�
</OL>
The pronoun si� is never stressed (see <A HREF="less1.htm#G3">Lesson 1 Grammar 3</A>)
and is usually placed before a verb, but never at the beginning of a sencence.
It also can be separated from the verb (Jak si� ona nazywa? or
Jak ona si� nazywa?).

<H4><A NAME="G6"></A>6. Declension of nouns, accusative.</H4>

In the sentence Czytam ksi��k� the noun ksi��k� is an object.
(subject + predicate + object = (ja) + czytam + ksi��k�).
If a noun is an objects than it must have a proper form (case) depending on the verb.
For example, after robi�, pisa�, czyta�, widzie� an object must be put in
an accusative case. After other verbs object can be genitive (G), dative (D),
accusative (A), instrumental (I) or locative (L), but never nominative (N)
or vocative (V).


<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TH></TH><TH COLSPAN=2>masculine singular</TH><TH ROWSPAN=2>feminine singular</TH>
<TH ROWSPAN=2>neuter singular</TH>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>animate
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>inanimate
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>nominative
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-0 Polak tygrys
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-0 d�ugopis
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-a Francuzk-a �yraf-a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-o, -� pi�r-o zwierz-�
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>accusative
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-a Polak-a tygrys-a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-0 (unchanged) d�ugopis
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-� Francuzk-� �yraf-�
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-o, -� (unchanged) pi�r-o zwierz-�
</TABLE>

Notes:
<OL>
<LI>The class of animate nouns contains people and animals.
</OL>

<H4><A NAME="G7"></A>7. Declension of nouns, instrumental case of neuter nouns.</H4>

The purpose of this section is to complete the information about the instrumental case.
You have already learnt how to make this case for m/f nouns.
Study the table below so that you can also know how to do with neuter nouns.


<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TH></TH><TH COLSPAN=2>neuter</TH>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>nominative singular
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-o, -e pi�r-o
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-� zwierz-�
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>instrumental singular
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-em pi�r-em
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-em zwierz�ci-em
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>instrumental plural
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-ami pi�r-ami
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>-ami zwierz�t-ami
</TABLE>

Notes:
<OL>
<LI>Stems of neuter nouns which end with -� in the nominative,
is extented in the instrumantal: you should add -�ci- or
-eni- in the singular and -�t- or -on- in
the plural, respectively. For example: zwierz-�,
zwierz-�ci-em, zwierz-�t-ami.
</OL>

<H4><A NAME="G8"></A>8. Pronunciation.</H4>

At the end of a word the letter � is pronounced as e,
ie. � looses its nasality. For example:
pisz� [p i sz e], ksi��k� [k si � sz k e].

<HR>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>Exercises</H1>
<HR>

<H2><A NAME="A"></A>Exercises A</H2>
<OL>
<LI>Rewrite dialogues 1 and 5 to your exercise-book.
<LI>I wrote a dialogue in English and started to translate it into Polish.
However, I am a little lazy and left some words not translated.
Complete my task and read the dialogue aloud.

- Cze��, co (are you doing)? 
- Nie widzisz? Robi� (breakfast). 
- (Who) tam jest? 
- (This is) Robert. On (reads). 
- Jak si� nazywa (this) ksi��ka? 
- To jest (a coursebook). 
- Co (are you writing)? 
- (A letter). 
- Jak si� nazywa (this animal)? 
- To jest �yrafa. 
- Kto pisze (a story)? 
- Monika. 
- (Who) jest przystojny? 
- Robert (and) Adam s� (handsome). Oni s� (also) mili i (young).

<LI>Fill in the table below.
<LI>Write the conjugation of the verb gra� = play (present tense, singular).
This verb belongs to the 3rd conjugation.
</OL>

<TABLE>
<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>in English
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>masculine
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>feminine
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>neuter
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>virile
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>non-virile
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>white
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>��ty
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>gold
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�oci
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>silver
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>srebrne
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>small
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>ma�e
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>large, big
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>du�y
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>duzi (exception!)
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>good
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>dobrzy
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>bad
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�adna
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>beautiful, lovely
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�kne
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>&nbsp
</TABLE>

<H2><A NAME="B"></A>Exercises B</H2>

<OL>
<LI>Translate into Polish.
What is your name? My name is John. 
What are you doing? I am reading a book. 
What is this? This is a kangaroo. 
Who is here? John. 
Who is there? Monika. 
What is she writing? She is writing a letter. 
What do you see? A giraffe and a kangaroo. They are nice animals.

<LI>Translate into your mother tongue.
Kto to jest? To Monika. 
Jak on si� nazywa? Robert. 
Robert i Adam s� mili i przystojni. 
Co czyta Robert? On czyta opowiadanie. 
Co robi Monika? Ona robi kolacj�. 
Tygrys jest zwierz�ciem.
</OL>

<HR>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>Answers</H1>
<HR>

<H2>Exercises A</H2>

2. Dialogue
- Cze��, co robisz? 
- Nie widzisz? Robi� �niadanie. 
- Kto tam jest? 
- To/(To jest) Robert. On czyta. 
- Jak si� nazywa ta ksi��ka? 
- To jest podr�cznik. 
- Co piszesz? 
- List. 
- Jak si� nazywa to zwierz�? 
- To jest �yrafa. 
- Kto pisze opowiadanie? 
- Monika. 
- Kto jest przystojny? 
- Robert i Adam s� przystojni. Oni s� te� mili i m�odzi.

3. Table
<TABLE>
<TABLE BORDER=5 CELLPADDING=5 CELLSPACING=5 WIDTH=90%>
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>in English
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>masculine
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>feminine
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>neuter
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>virile
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>non-virile
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>white
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>bia�y
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>bia�a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>bia�e
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>biali
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>bia�e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>yellow
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>��ty
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>��ta
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>��te
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>��ci
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>��te
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>gold
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�oty
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�ota
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�ote
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�oci
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�ote
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>silver
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>srebrny
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>srebrna
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>srebrne
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>srebrni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>srebrne
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>small
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>ma�y
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>ma�a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>ma�e
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>mali
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>ma�e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>large, big
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>du�y
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>du�a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>du�e
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>duzi (exception!)
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>du�e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>good
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>dobry
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>dobra
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>dobre
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>dobrzy
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>dobre
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>bad
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�y
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�a
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�e
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�li
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>z�e
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>pretty, nice
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�adny
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�adna
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�adne
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�adni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>�adne
<TR><TD ALIGN=CENTER>beautiful, lovely
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�kny
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�kna
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�kne
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�kni
<TD ALIGN=CENTER>pi�kne
</TABLE>

4. Conjugation of gra� 
(ja) gram 
(ty) grasz 
(on/ona/ono) gra 

<H2>Exercises B</H2>


Jak si� nazywasz? Nazywam si� John. 
Co robisz? Czytam ksi��k�. 
Co to jest? To jest kangur. 
Kto tu jest? John. 
Kto tam jest? Monika. 
Co ona pisze? Ona pisze list. 
Co widzisz? �yraf� i kangura. One s� mi�ymi/�adnymi zwierz�tami.


Who is this? This is Monika. 
What is his name? Robert. 
Robert and Adam are nice and handsome. 
What is Robert reading? He is reading a story. 
What is Monika doing? She is making dinner/supper. 
Tiger is an animal.

<HR>
NOTE:
If you have found a mistake or anything does not work properly please
<A HREF="mailto:[email protected]">send me a mail</A>.

<ADDRESS>Piotr Pikuta</ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS><A HREF="mailto:[email protected]">
[email protected]</A></ADDRESS>
Last updated: December 31st, 2000
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