(HTML version in README.html)

     Debian GNU/Hurd K8 "Sid" - Unofficial GNU hurd-i386 Binary-1 CD



  CONTENTS:

    * Intro
    * About This CD
    * Installing
    * Last-Minute Notes
    * Using CDs with Dselect and Apt
    * Non-free/Non-US
    * CD Manufacturers
    * More Information


                    Welcome to the exciting world of
                            Debian GNU/Linux!

Intro
=====

  This is one of the CD-ROMs of the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.
  Debian is a very extensive collection of software. But it is more. It
  is a complete Operating System (OS) for your computer. And it is free
  (as in "freedom").

  An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that
  make your computer run. At the core of an operating system is the
  kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the computer,
  which does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other
  programs. Debian is kernel independent. It currently uses the Linux
  kernel but work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels,
  using the Hurd. Most of the basic operating system tools come from the
  GNU project; hence the name GNU/Linux.

  Debian is available for various kinds of computers ("architectures"),
  like "IBM-compatible" PCs (i386), Compaq's Alpha, Motorola's 680x0
  (m68k), Sun's Sparc, Motorola/IBM's PowerPC, and (Strong)ARM
  processors. Check the ports page (http://www.debian.org/ports) for
  more information.

  Read more at

    http://www.debian.org/intro/about


About This CD
=============

  This CD-ROM is labeled

    Debian GNU/Hurd K8 "Sid" - Unofficial GNU hurd-i386 Binary-1

  which means that this CD is number 1 of totally 8 CDs containing
  programs ("binaries") for `hurd-i386' computers.

  The programs on the Binary CDs are ordered by popularity. The Binary-1
  CD contains the most popular programs and the installation tools; it
  is possible to install and run Debian with only the Binary-1 CD. The
  other CDs, up to Binary-8, contain mostly special-interest programs.


Installing
==========

  Because Debian is a complete Operating System, the installation
  procedure may seem a bit unusual. You can install Debian GNU/Linux
  either next to your current OS, or as only OS on your computer.

  Read the Installation Manual, on this CD at

    /install/doc/install.en.html     (English version).

  Translations of the Installation Manual, and plain-text and PDF
  versions, are also available in the

    /install/doc

  directory, along with various other documents.

  Programs and other files that are needed for the installation can be
  found on this CD under

    /dists/woody/main/disks-hurd-i386


Last-Minute Notes
=================

    * You should keep in mind that this is an unofficial CD of the
      current development version of the Debian system. This means that
      all sorts of bugs may be present anywhere in the system.



Using CDs with Dselect and Apt
==============================

  After installing or upgrading, Debian's packaging system can use
  CD-ROMs, local collections, or networked servers (FTP, HTTP) to
  automatically install software from (.deb packages). This is done
  preferably with the `apt' and `dselect' programs. If you do not
  already know how to setup these, here is a brief explanation.

  First of all, comment out every line of /etc/apt/sources.list by
  placing a hash sign (`#') in front of it (if it isn't already there).

  Then you need to add new "deb" lines describing the location(s) where
  apt will get the new packages from. You can add "deb" lines for a
  packages mirror on a local harddisk, and/or FTP/HTTP mirrors, and/or
  (a set of) CD-ROMs. `Apt' will consider all packages that can be found
  via any "deb" line, and use the one with the highest version number,
  giving priority to the first mentioned lines. (So, in case of multiple
  mirror locations, you'd typically first name a local harddisk, then
  CD-ROMs, and finally FTP/HTTP mirrors.)

    * For a local archive (or a single mounted CD-ROM), that for example
      has these directories,

        /var/ftp/debian/dists/potato/main/binary-hurd-i386/...
        /var/ftp/debian/dists/potato/contrib/binary-hurd-i386/...
        ---------------       ------     |\
              \________          \_      | \___
      add:             \           \     |     \
                 --------------- ------  |      \
        deb file:/var/ftp/debian potato main contrib

      As shown, the `dists' is added implicitly, and the 3rd,...
      arguments are used to expand the path into multiple directories.

      If you have a complete mirror that also has non-free and non-US,
      you typically have to add lines like these:

        deb file:/var/ftp/debian potato main contrib non-free
        deb file:/var/ftp/debian-non-US potato/non-US main contrib
      non-free

      If you don't have such a structure, other description lines are
      possible, see the sources.list manpage.

    * FTP or HTTP packages mirror addresses can be found on this CD in
      README.mirrors.txt, or on http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist,
      look at the "Full list of mirrors".

      If the mirror has these directories:

        ftp://some-server/debian/dists/potato/main/binary-hurd-i386/...
        ftp://some-server/debian/dists/potato/contrib/binary-hurd-i386/...
        ------------------------       ------ |   |
                    \___                 /    |   |
      add:              \               /     |   |
            ------------------------ ------   |   |
        deb ftp://some-server/debian potato main contrib

      As shown, the `dists' is added implicitly, and the 3rd,...
      arguments are used to expand the path into multiple directories.

      If you use a complete mirror that also has non-free and non-US,
      you typically have to add lines like these:

        deb ftp://some-server/debian potato main contrib non-free
        deb ftp://some-server/debian-non-US potato/non-US main contrib
      non-free

      If the mirror doesn't have such a structure, other description
      lines are possible, see the sources.list manpage.

    * In case of upgrading from a set of CD-ROMs (also possible for a
      single, unmounted CD-ROM), do _not_ add any lines to sources.list
      manually.

      Instead, first make sure there is a line in /etc/fstab that
      connects the /cdrom mount point with your CD-ROM drive (the exact
      `/cdrom' mount point is "required" for apt). For example, if
      /dev/scd0 is your CD-ROM drive, /etc/fstab should contain a line

        /dev/scd0     /cdrom     auto    defaults,noauto,ro     0   0

      To test this, insert a CD-ROM and give commands

        mount /cdrom
        ls -alF /cdrom     (this should show the CD-ROM's root
      directory)
        umount /cdrom

      Then, use the command

        apt-cdrom add

      to add the data of each individual CD-ROM to apt's internal
      database. This command will ask for one CD-ROM per run, and
      mount/unmount the CD-ROM automatically. You should repeat this
      command for all 2.2 `Binary' CD-ROMs you have.

  The final step of the preparation is to update apt's internal database
  with the command

    apt-get update

  Once this is done, you can install packages from the commandline using
  apt-get. For example, if you want to install the packages `commprog'
  and `maxgame', you can give the command

    apt-get install commprog maxgame

  Note that you don't have to enter the complete path, or the `.deb'
  extension. `Apt' will figure this out itself.

  `Dselect' is also able to use `apt' to fetch the packages. To set up
  `dselect', choose [A]ccess in the main menu, and then select `apt'.
  The sources.list file should be okay already, so don't let the program
  make a new one. Then, after an [U]pdate, the configuration is ready.
  You can just keep using [S]elect and [I]nstall to install packages.

  See dselect's online help screens for more information (use the `?'
  key).


Non-free and Non-US
===================

  The package sections `non-free' and `non-US' contain packages that
  either have a restrictive license, or can't be exported from the US
  (like `pgp' or `ssh'). It may well be that this CD does not contain
  (all of) these packages. You can get them from our FTP/HTTP mirror
  sites.

  `Non-free' packages are on our "regular" mirrors, listed in
  README.mirrors.html on this CD, or on
  http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist ("Full list of mirrors").

  `Non-US' packages are on special mirrors outside the US, listed in
  README.non-US on this CD, or on
  http://www.debian.org/misc/README.non-US.

  Note that you are allowed to import non-US packages into the US.


CD Manufacturers
================

  You are completely free to manufacture and (re-)distribute CD-ROMs of
  the Debian GNU/Linux Operating System, like this one. There is no
  charge from us (but of course donations are always welcome).

  For all needed information, and contact addresses, please refer to

    http://cdimage.debian.org


More Information
================

  There is much more information present on this CD. Besides the already
  mentioned installation and upgrading procedures, this is the most
  interesting:

    * /doc/FAQ                        Debian FAQ
    * /doc/constitution.txt           The Debian Constitution
    * /doc/debian-manifesto           The Debian Manifesto
    * /doc/social-contract.txt        Debian's Social Contract
    * /doc/bug-reporting.txt          Bug reporting instructions

  Also on the Internet are many resources. To name a few:

    * http://www.debian.org           The Debian homepage
    * http://www.debian.org/doc       Debian Documentation
    * http://www.debian.org/support   Debian User Support
    * http://www.linuxdoc.org         The Linux Documentation Project
    * http://www.linux.org            General Linux homepage



     See the Debian contact page (http://www.debian.org/contact) for
                      information on contacting us.

               Last Modified: Wed Apr 18 19:09:34 CEST 2001

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