Subj : Wx Terms (G)(2)
To   : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Wed Nov 08 2017 12:05 am

GFS
(Global Forecast System) One of the operational forecast models run at
NCEP. The GFS is run four times daily, with forecast output out to 384
hours.

GIS
Geographic Information System. A computer-based graphics program that
allows the superposition of plan-maps of thematic elements, such as
roads, rivers, land use patterns, and the like to aid in local or
regional planning activities.

Glaciation
The transformation of cloud particles from water drops to ice crystals.
Thus, a cumulonimbus cloud is said to have a "glaciated" upper portion.

Glacier
In hydrologic terms, bodies of land ice that consist of recrystallized
snow accumulated on the surface of the ground, and that move slowly
downslope.

Glacier Dammed Lake
In hydrologic terms, the lake formed when a glacier flows across the
mouth of an adjoining valley and forms an ice dam.

Glacier Wind
A shallow downslope wind above the surface of a glacier, caused by the
temperature difference between the air in contact with the glacier and
the free air at the same altitude. The glacier wind does not reverse
diurnally like slope and along-valley wind systems.

Glaze
Ice formed by freezing precipitation covering the ground or exposed
objects.

GLF
(Open Lakes Forecast) - A National Weather Service marine forecast
product for the U.S. waters within a Great Lake not including the
waters covered by an existing Nearshore Waters Forecast (NSH). When
the seasonal Nearshore forecast is not issued, the Open Lake forecast
includes a forecast of nearshore waters.

Global Forecast System
(GFS)- One of the operational forecast models run at NCEP. The GFS is
run four times daily, with forecast output out to 384 hours.

Global Temperature Change
The net result of four primary factors including the greenhouse effect,
changes in incoming solar radiation, altered patterns of ocean
circulations, and changes in continental position, topography and/or
vegetation. Three feedback mechanisms which affect global temperature
change include cloud height and amount, snow and ice distribution, and
atmospheric water vapor levels.

Global Warming
An overall increase in world temperatures which may be caused by
additional heat being trapped by greenhouse gases.

Glory
An optical effect characterized by concentric rings of color (red
outermost and violet innermost) surrounding the shadow of an observer's
head when the shadow is cast onto a cloud deck below the observer's
elevation (see Brocken specter).

GLS
(Great Lakes Storm Summary) A National Weather Service forecast product
providing updated information whenever a storm warning is in effect on
any of the Great Lakes.

GMDSS
(Global Maritime Distress and Safety System)- The Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is intended to provide more effective
and efficient emergency and safety communications and disseminate
Maritime Safety Information (MSI) to all ships on the world's oceans
regardless of location or atmospheric conditions. MSI includes
navigational warnings, meteorological warnings and forecasts, and
other urgent safety related information. GMDSS goals are defined in
the International Convention for The Safety Of Life At Sea (SOLAS).
The National Weather Service participates directly in the GMDSS by
preparing meteorological forecasts and warnings for broadcast via
NAVTEX and SafetyNET.

GMN
On a buoy report, the minute of the hour that the GSP occurred,
reported at the last hourly 10-minute segment.

GMT
Greenwich Mean Time (now known as Universal Coordinated Time).

GND
Ground

GNRL
General

GOES
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite- Satellites
orbiting at 22,370 miles above the Earth's surface with the same
rotational velocity as the Earth; therefore, the satellite remains
over the same location on the Earth 24 hours a day. Besides sending
back satellite pictures to earth, it also relays the DCPs river and
rainfall data back to the ground.

GoMoos
Gulf Of Maine Ocean Observing System

GPS
An acronym for Global Positioning System. A network of satellites which
provide extremely accurate position and time information. Useful in
remote locations or for moving platforms.

GRAD
Gradient- A rate of change with respect to distance of a variable
quantity, as temperature or pressure, in the direction of maximum
change.

Gradient
(abbrev. GRAD) A rate of change with respect to distance of a variable
quantity, as temperature or pressure, in the direction of maximum
change.

Gradient High Winds
These high winds usually cover a large area and are due to
synoptic-scale, extra-tropical low pressure systems.

Gradual Commencement
In solar-terrestrial terms, the commencement of a geomagnetic storm that
has no well-defined onset.

Granulation
In solar-terrestrial terms, the cellular structure of the photosphere
visible at high spatial resolution.

Graupel
Same as snow pellets or small hail.

Gravity Dam
In hydrologic terms, a concrete structure proportioned so that its own
weight provides the major resistance to the forces exerted on it.

Gravity Wave
A wave created by the action of gravity on density variations in the
stratified atmosphere. A generic classification for lee waves,
mountains waves, and many other waves that form in the atmosphere.

Graybody
A hypothetical "body" that absorbs some constant fraction of all
electromagnetic radiation incident upon it.

GRDL
Gradual

Great Circle Track
A great-circle track is the shortest distance between two points on a
sphere, and when viewed on a 2-dimensional map the track will appear
curved. Swell waves travel along routes that mark out great circles.

Great Lakes Faxback
Dissemination systems housed at Weather Forecast Office (WFO) Cleveland
by which Great Lakes customers request and receive hard copies of
selected marine products.

Great Lakes Freeze-Up/Break-Up Outlook
(FBO) - A National Weather Service product to keep mariners informed of
the projected freeze-up date or break-up date of ice on the Great
Lakes.

Great Lakes Marine Forecast (MAFOR)
A National Weather Service coded summary appended to each of the Great
Lakes Open Lakes forecasts.

Great Lakes Storm Summary
(GLS) - A National Weather Service forecast product providing updated
information whenever a storm warning is in effect on any of the Great
Lakes.

Great Lakes Weather Broadcast
(LAWEB) - A National Weather Service product containing an observation
summary prepared to provide Great Lakes mariners with a listing of
weather observations along or on the Lakes.

Green Line
The green line is one of the strongest (and first-recognized) visible
coronal lines. It identifies moderate temperature regions of the CORONA.

Greenhouse Effect
Atmospheric heating caused by solar radiation being readily transmitted
inward through the earth's atmosphere but longwave radiation less
readily transmitted outward, due to absorption by certain gases in the
atmosphere.

Greenhouse Gases
The gases that absorb terrestrial radiation and contribute to the
greenhouse effect; the main greenhouse gasses are water vapor, methane,
carbon dioxide, and ozone.

GRIB
(Gridded Binary Format) - A format used for meteorological data.
Typically used in the past for computer generated model data but will
be used increasingly in the future for forecaster generated data.



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