Subj : Wx Terms (G)(3)
To : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Sun Oct 08 2017 12:05 am
Grids
1) Squared off areas across the terrain used to define forecast areas.
Often 5x5 or 2.5x2.5 kilometer in size.
2) Digitial forecast databases for meteorological elements, including
temperature, wind direction, wind speed and others. Computer programs
read these databases to create worded and graphical forecast products
used by the public and others.
Ground Blizzard Warning
When blizzard conditions are solely caused by blowing and drifting snow.
Ground Clutter
A pattern of radar echoes from fixed ground targets (buildings, hills,
etc.) near the radar. Ground clutter may hide or confuse precipitation
echoes near the radar antenna. Also known as "anomalous propagation".
Ground Fog
(abbrev. GF) Fog produced over the land by the cooling of the lower
atmosphere as it comes in contact with the ground. Also known as
radiation fog, and in parts of California as tule fog.
Ground Heat Flux
The flux of heat from the ground to the earth's surface; a component of
the surface energy budget.
Ground receive sites
In hydrologic terms, a satellite dish and associated computer which
receives signals from the GOES satellite, decodes the information, and
transmits it to a another site for further processing. The GOES
satellite ground-receive site is located at Wallops Island, VA; and
the information is relayed to a mainframe computer at NWSH for
processing.
Ground Stroke
The current that propagates along the ground from the point where a
direct stroke of lightning hits the ground.
Ground Water
In hydrologic terms, water within the earth that supplies wells and
springs; water in the zone of saturation where all openings in rocks
and soil are filled, the upper surface of which forms the water table.
Also termed Phreatic water.
Ground Water Divide
In hydrologic terms, a line on a water table where on either side of
which the water table slopes downward. It is analogous to a drainage
divide between two drainage basins on a land surface.
Ground Water Flow
In hydrologic terms, streamflow which results from precipitation that
infiltrates into the soil and eventually moves through the soil to the
stream channel. This is also referred to as baseflow, or dry-weather
flow.
Ground Water Hydrology
The branch of hydrology that specializes in ground water; its
occurrence and movements; its replenishment and depletion; the
properties of rocks that control ground water movement and storage;
and the methods of investigation and utilization of ground water.
Ground Water Outflow
In hydrologic terms, the part of the discharge from a drainage basin
that occurs through the ground water. The term "underflow" is often
used to describe the ground water outflow that takes place in valley
alluvium (instead of the surface channel) and thus is not measure at
a gaging station.
Ground Water Overdraft
Pumpage of ground water in excess of safe yield.
Ground Water Runoff
That part of the runoff which has passed into the ground, has become
ground water, and has been discharged into a stream channel as spring,
or seepage water.
Grounded ice
In hydrologic terms, ice that has run aground or is contact with the
ground underneath it.
Group Velocity
The speed at which a particular wave front or swell train advances.
Grout Curtain
A barrier produced by injecting grout into a vertical zone, usually
narrow (horizontally), and in the foundation to reduce seepage under a
dam.
Growing Degree Day
The number of degrees that the average temperature is above a baseline
value. For example, 40 degrees for canning purposes; 45 degree for
potatoes; and 50 degrees for sweet corn, snap beans, lima beans,
tomatoes, grapes, and field corn. Every degree that the average
temperature is above the baseline value becomes a growing degree day.
Agricultural related interests use growing degree days to determine
planting times.
Growing Season
The period of time between the last killing frost of spring and the
first killing frost of autumn.
Growler
Similar to a bergy bit, but smaller, extending less than 1 meter above
the sea surface and occupying an area of 20 square meters or less.
GRT
great
GRTST
Greatest
GSP
On a buoy report, maximum 5-second peak gust during the measurement
hour, reported at the last hourly 10-minute segment.
GST
On a buoy report, peak 5 or 8 second gust speed (m/s) measured during
the eight-minute or two-minute period. The 5 or 8 second period can be
determined by payload.
GSTY
Gusty
GTR
Greater
Gulf Stream
Warm water current extending from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida up the
U.S. east coast then east northeast to Iceland and Norway.
Gunge
Slang for anything in the atmosphere that restricts visibility for storm
spotting, such as fog, haze, precipitation (steady rain or drizzle),
widespread low clouds (stratus), etc.
Gust
(Abbrev. G) - A rapid fluctuation of wind speed with variations of 10
knots or more between peaks and lulls.
Gust Front
The leading edge of gusty surface winds from thunderstorm downdrafts;
sometimes associated with a shelf cloud or roll cloud. See also gustnado
or outflow boundary.
Gustnado
(or Gustinado) - [Slang], gust front tornado. A small tornado, usually
weak and short-lived, that occurs along the gust front of a
thunderstorm. Often it is visible only as a debris cloud or dust whirl
near the ground. Gustnadoes are not associated with storm-scale
rotation (i.e. mesocyclones); they are more likely to be associated
visually with a shelf cloud than with a wall cloud.
Gyres
Oceanic current systems of planetary scale driven by the global wind
system.
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