Subj : Wx Terms (M)(1)
To   : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Thu Sep 14 2017 12:05 am

M 3000
In solar-terrestrial terms, the optimum high frequency radio wave with a
3000 km range, which reflects only once from the ionosphere (single hop
transmission).

M2/S2
m2/s2 (meters squared per second squared), unit of measure equivalent to
J/kg (joules per kilogram).

Mackeral Sky
The name given to cirrocumulus clouds with small vertical extent and
composed of ice crystals. The rippled effect gives the appearance of
fish scales.

Macroburst
A convective downdraft with an affected outflow area of at least 2 miles
wide and peak winds lasting between 5 and 20 minutes. Intense
macrobursts may cause tornado-force damage of up to F3 intensity.

Macroscale
Large scale, characteristic of weather systems several hundred to several
thousand kilometers in diameter.

Madden-Julian Oscillation
(abbrev. MJO)- Tropical rainfall exhibits strong variability on time
scales shorter than the seasonal El Ni�o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
These fluctuations in tropical rainfall often go through an entire cycle
in 30-60 days, and are referred to as the Madden-Julian Oscillation or
intraseasonal oscillations. The intraseasonal oscillations are a
naturally occurring component of our coupled ocean-atmosphere system.
They significantly affect the atmospheric circulation throughout the
global Tropics and subtropics, and also strongly affect the wintertime
jet stream and atmospheric circulation features over the North Pacific
and western North America. As a result, they have an important impact
on storminess and temperatures over the United States. During the summer
these oscillations have a modulating effect on hurricane activity in
both the Pacific and Atlantic basins.

MAFOR
(Great Lakes Marine Forecast) - A National Weather Service coded summary
appended to each of the Great Lakes Open Lakes forecasts.

Magflare
In solar-terrestrial terms, a geomagnetic and/or cosmic storm has been
associated with this flare.

Magnetic Bay
In solar-terrestrial terms, a relatively smooth excursion of the H
(horizontal) component of the geomagnetic field away from and returning
to quiet levels.

Magnetogram
In solar-terrestrial terms, solar magnetograms are a graphic
representation of solar magnetic field strengths and polarity.

Magnetopause
In solar-terrestrial terms, the boundary layer between the solar wind
and the magnetosphere.

Magnetosphere
In solar-terrestrial terms, the magnetic cavity surrounding the earth,
carved out of the passing solar wind by virtue of the geomagnetic
field, which prevents, or at least impedes, the direct entry of the
solar wind plasma into the cavity.

Main Stem
In hydrologic terms, the reach of a river/stream formed by the
tributaries that flow into it.

Main Synoptic Times
The times of 0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 UTC. Also known as the standard
synoptic times.

MAINT
Maintain

Major Flare
In solar-terrestrial terms, this flare is the basis for the forecast
of geomagstorm, cosmic storm and/or protons in the earth's vicinity.

Major Flooding
A general term including extensive inundation and property damage.
(Usually characterized by the evacuation of people and livestock and
the closure of both primary and secondary roads.)

Major Hurricane
A hurricane which reaches Category 3 (sustained winds greater than 110
mph) on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale.

MALR
Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate- The rate at which the temperature of a
parcel of saturated air decreases as the parcel is lifted in the
atmosphere. The moist adiabatic lapse rate (abbreviated MALR) is not a
constant like the dry adiabatic lapse rate but is dependent on parcel
temperature and pressure.

Mammatus Clouds
Rounded, smooth, sack-like protrusions hanging from the underside of a
cloud (usually a thunderstorm anvil). Mammatus clouds often accompany
severe thunderstorms, but do not produce severe weather; they may
accompany non-severe storms as well.

MAP
Mean Areal Precipitation- The average rainfall over a given area,
generally expressed as an average depth over the area.

Mare's Trail
The name given to thin, wispy cirrus clouds composed of ice crystals that
appear as veil patches or strands, often resembling a horse's tail.

MAREP
(MArine REPort) A voluntary marine observation program of the National
Weather Service whose goal is to solicit meteorological and oceanographic
observations in plain language from recreational and small commercial
mariners who are not part of Voluntary Observing Ship program.

Marginal Visual Flight Rules
(Abbrev. MVFR) - In an aviation product, refers to the general weather
conditions pilots can expect at the surface. VFR stands for Visual Flight
Rules and MVFR means Minimum or Marginal Visual Flight Rules. MVFR
criteria means a ceiling between 1,000 and 3,000 feet and/or 3 to 5 miles
visibility.

Marine Inversion
Temperature inversion produced when cold marine air underlies warmer air.

Marine Push
A replacement of the current air mass with air from off the ocean.
Temperatures are much cooler and relative humidities much higher. The
air mass is generally much more stable in this situation.

Marine Small Craft Thunderstorm Advisory
A marine warning issued by Environment Canada Atmospheric Environment
Branch when the possibility of thunderstorms is greater than 40 percent.

Marine Small Craft Wind Warning
A marine warning issued by Environment Canada Atmospheric Environment
Branch for winds which are forecasted to be in the 20-33 knot range
inclusive.

Marine Weather Statement
A National Weather Service product to provide mariners with details on
significant or potentially hazardous conditions not otherwise covered
in existing marine warnings and forecasts. Marine weather statements are
also used to supplement special marine warnings.

Marine Zone
Specific, defined over-water areas contained in the various NWS marine
forecasts. These are the equivalent of "zones" in the public forecast
program.

Maritime Air Mass
An air mass influenced by the sea. It is a secondary characteristic of
an air mass classification, signified by the small "m" before the
primary characteristic, which is based on source region. For example,
mP is an air mass that is maritime polar in nature. Also known as a
marine air mass.

Maritime Polar Air Mass
An air mass characterized by cold, moist air. Abbreviated mP.

Maritime Tropical Air Mass
An air mass characterized by warm, moist air. Abbreviated mT.

MAROB
A voluntary marine observation program of the National Weather Service
in the early stages of development whose goal is to solicit
meteorological and oceanographic observations in coded format from
recreational and small commercial mariners who are not part of the more
in-depth Voluntary Observing Ship program.

MARS
A voluntary marine observation program of the National Weather Service
whereby U.S. Coast Guard Sector Stations report marine weather conditions
from several shore locations within their operating area. The reports are
in an abbreviated plain language format with fixed fields.

Massif
A compact portion of a mountain range, containing one or more summits.

MAV
AVN MOS Guidance

MAX
Maximum

Max Parcel Level (MPL)
This signifies the highest attainable level that a convective updraft can
reach; therefore, it is a good indication of how tall a thunderstorm may
reach.

Maximum Spillway Discharge
In hydrologic terms, spillway discharge (cfs) when reservoir is at
maximum designed water surface elevation.

Maximum Sustained Surface Wind
When applied to a particular weather system, refers to the highest
one-minute average wind (at an elevation of 10 meters with an
unobstructed exposure) associated with that weather system at a
particular point in time.



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