Subj : Wx Terms (I)(1)
To   : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Sun Sep 10 2017 12:04 am

Ice Age
A time of widespread glaciation.

Ice Boom
In hydrologic terms, a floating structure designed to retain ice.

Ice Bridge
In hydrologic terms, a continuous ice cover of limited size extending from
shore to shore like a bridge.

Ice Crystals
A barely visible crystalline form of ice that has the shape of needles,
columns or plates. Ice crystals are so small that they seem to be
suspended in air. Ice crystals occur at very low temperatures in a stable
atmosphere.

Ice Fog
Same as Freezing Fog; a suspension of numerous minute ice crystals in the
air, or water droplets at temperatures below 0� Celsius, based at the
Earth's surface, which reduces horizontal visibility; also called ice fog.

Ice Gorge
In hydrologic terms, the gorge or opening left in a jam after it has
broken.

Ice Jam
In hydrologic terms, a stationary accumulation that restricts or blocks
streamflow.

Ice Nucleus
Any particle that serves as a nucleus in the formation of ice crystals in
the atmosphere.

Ice Pellets
(abbrev. IP) Same as Sleet; defined as pellets of ice composed of frozen
or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. These
pellets of ice usually bounce after hitting the ground or other hard
surfaces. Heavy sleet is a relatively rare event defined as an
accumulation of ice pellets covering the ground to a depth of 1" or more.

Ice Push
In hydrologic terms, compression of an ice cover particularly at the front
of a moving section of ice cover.

Ice Run
In hydrologic terms, flow of ice in a river. An ice run may be light or
heavy, and may consist of frazil, anchor, slush, or sheet ice.

Ice Shove
In hydrologic terms, on-shore ice push caused by wind, and currents,
changes in temperature, etcetera.

Ice Storm
An ice storm is used to describe occasions when damaging accumulations of
ice are expected during freezing rain situations. Significant
accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss
of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and
driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually
accumulations of 1" or greater.

Ice Storm Warning
This product is issued by the National Weather Service when freezing rain
produces a significant and possibly damaging accumulation of ice. The
criteria for this warning varies from state to state, but typically will
be issued any time more than 1/4" of ice is expected to accumulate in an
area.

Ice Twitch
In hydrologic terms, downstream movement of a small section of an ice
cover. Ice twitches occur suddenly and often appear successively.

Iceberg
A piece of a glacier which has broken off and is floating in the sea.

Icelandic Low
A semi-permanent, subpolar area of low pressure in the North Atlantic
Ocean. Because of its broad area and range of central pressure, it is
an area where migratory lows tend to slow down and deepen. It is
strongest during a Northern Hemisphere winter and early spring, centered
over Iceland and southern Greenland, and is the dominate weather feature
in the area. During the summer, it is weaker, less intense, and might
divide into two parts, one west of Iceland, the other over the Davis
Strait between Greenland and Baffin Island. Then the Azores or Bermuda
High becomes the dominate weather feature in the North Atlantic.

Icing
A coating of ice on a solid object.

Ideal Gas Laws
The thermodynamic laws applying to perfect gases.

IFR
Instrument Flight Rules

Impermeable
Material that does not permit fluids to pass through it.

Impervious
In hydrologic terms, the ability to repel water, or not let water
infiltrate.

IMPL
Impulse- Alternate term for Upper Level System and Shortwave; a general
term for any large-scale or mesoscale disturbance capable of producing
upward motion (lift) in the middle or upper parts of the atmosphere.

Import
In hydrologic terms, water piped or channeled into an area.

IMPT
Important

Impulse
(abbrev. IMPL) Alternate term for Upper Level System and Shortwave; a
general term for any large-scale or mesoscale disturbance capable of
producing upward motion (lift) in the middle or upper parts of the
atmosphere.

in Hg
Inches of Mercury

In-Cloud Lightning
(abbrev. IC) Lightning that takes place within the cloud.

Inactive Storage Capacity
In hydrologic terms, the portion of capacity below which the reservoir
is not normally drawn, and which is provided for sedimentation,
recreation, fish and wildlife, aesthetic reasons, or for the creation of
a minimum controlled operational or power head in compliance with
operating agreements or restrictions.

Inch-Degrees
The product of rainfall (in inches) multiplied by the temperature (in
degrees Fahrenheit) above freezing. Used as a measure of the snowmelting
capacity of rainfall.

Inches of Mercury
(or in Hg) Unit of atmospheric pressure used in the United States. The
name comes from the use of mercurial barometers which equate the height
of a column of mercury with air pressure. One inch of mercury is
equivalent to 33.86 millibars or 25.40 millimeters. See barometric
pressure. First divised in 1644 by Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647),
an Italian physicist and mathematician, to explain the fundamental
principles of hydromechanics.

To convert millibars (mb) to inches of mercury (in Hg), divide the
millibar reading by 33.86: in Hg = mb / 33.86

Inches of Runoff
In hydrologic terms, the volume of water from runoff of a given depth over
the entire drainage.

INCR
Increase

INDC
Indicate

Index of Wetness
The ratio of precipitation for a given year over the mean annual
precipitation.

Indian Summer
An unseasonably warm period near the middle of autumn, usually following
a substantial period of cool weather.

Indirect Hit
Generally refers to locations that do not experience a direct hit from a
tropical cyclone, but do experience hurricane force winds (either
sustained or gusts) or tides of at least 4 feet above normal.

Industrial Consumption
The quantity of water consumed in a municipality or district for
mechanical, trade, and manufacturing purposes, in a given period,
generally one day. The per capita use is generally based on the total
population of the locality, municipality, or district.

Infiltration
In hydrologic terms, movement of water through the soil surface into
the soil.

Infiltration Capacity
In hydrologic terms, the maximum rate at which water can enter the soil
at a particular point under a given set of conditions.

Infiltration Index
In hydrologic terms, an average rate of infiltration, in inches per
hour, equal to the average rate of rainfall such as that the volume
of rainfall at greater rates equals the total direct runoff.

Infiltration Rate
In hydrologic terms,

(1) The rate at which infiltration takes place expressed in depth of
water per unit time, usually in inches per hour.

(2) The rate, usually expressed in cubic feet per second, or million
gallons per day per mile of waterway, at which ground water enters an
infiltration ditch or gallery, drain, sewer, or other underground conduit.



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