Subj : Wx Terms (O)(1)
To   : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Wed Aug 16 2017 12:08 am

OBS
Observation(s)

OBSC
Obscure

Obscuration
Any atmospheric phenomenon, except clouds, that restricts vertical
visibility (e.g., dust, rain, snow, etc.).

Obscuring Phenomena
Any atmospheric phenomenon, except clouds, that restricts vertical
visibility (e.g., dust, rain, snow, etc.).

Observation Well
In hydrologic terms, a non-pumping well used for observing the elevation
of the water table or piezometric surface.

Occluded Front
A composite of two fronts, formed as a cold front overtakes a warm or
quasi-stationary front. Two types of occlusions can form depending on
the relative coldness of the air behind the cold front to the air ahead
of the warm or stationary front. A cold occlusion results when the
coldest air is behind the cold front and a warm occlusion results when
the coldest air is ahead of the warm front.

Occluded Mesocyclone
A mesocyclone in which air from the rear-flank downdraft has completely
enveloped the circulation at low levels, cutting off the inflow of warm
unstable low-level air.

Oceanography
The study of the ocean, embracing and integrating all knowledge
pertaining to the ocean's physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics
of sea water, and marine biology.

OCFNT
Occluded Front - a composite of two fronts, formed as a cold front
overtakes a warm or quasi-stationary front. Two types of occlusions can
form depending on the relative coldness of the air behind the cold front
to the air ahead of the warm or stationary front. A cold occlusion
results when the coldest air is behind the cold front and a warm
occlusion results when the coldest air is ahead of the warm front.

OCNL
Occasional

OEODM
The Office of Equal Opportunity and Diversity Management. Provides a
dual role. Advises and assists the Assistant Administrator in carrying
out the National Weather Service's (NWS) responsibilities relative to
Civil Rights laws, Executive Orders, regulatory guidelines, and other
nondiscrimination laws within the Federal Government. Advises and
assists the Assistant Administrator in carrying out the NWS policy of
diversity management by fostering an inclusive workforce, building an
environment that respects the individual and offering opportunities for
all employees to develop to their full potential. Cultural Diversity is
the mixture of differences and similarities each employee brings to the
workplace to accomplish the goals of the NWS.

Office of Global Programs
The Office of Global Programs (OGP) sponsors focused scientific
research, within approximately eleven research elements, aimed at
understanding climate variability and its predictability. Through
studies in these areas, researchers coordinate activities that
jointly contribute to improved predictions and assessments of climate
variability over a continuum of timescales from season to season, year
to year, and over the course of a decade and beyond.

Offshore Breeze
A wind that blows from the land towards a body of water. Also known as
a land breeze.

Offshore Flow
Occurs when air moves from land to sea, and is usually associated with
dry weather.

Offshore Waters
That portion of the oceans, gulfs, and seas beyond the coastal waters
extending to a specified distance from the coastline, to a specified
depth contour, or covering an area defined by specific latitude and
longitude points.

Offshore Waters Forecast
(OFF) - A National Weather Service marine forecast product for that
portion of the oceans, gulfs, and seas beyond the coastal waters
extending to a specified distance from the coastline, to a specified
depth contour, or covering an area defined by specific latitude and
longitude points.

OFSHR
Offshore

OH
Office of Hydrology

OHD
Overhead

Okta
Used for the measurement of total cloud cover. One okta of cloud cover
is the equivalent of 1/8 of the sky covered with cloud.

OLR
Outgoing Longwave Radiation

Omega
A term used to describe vertical motion in the atmosphere. The "omega
equation" used in numerical weather models is composed of two terms,
the "differential vorticity advection" term and the "thickness
advection" term. Put more simply, omega is determined by the amount of
spin (or large scale rotation) and warm (or cold) advection present in
the atmosphere. On a weather forecast chart, high values of omega (or a
strong omega field) relate to upward vertical motion (UVV) in the
atmosphere. If this upward vertical motion is strong enough and in a
sufficiently moist airmass, precipitation results.

Omega High
A warm high aloft which has become displaced and is on the polarward
side of the jet stream. It frequently occurs in the late winter and
early spring in the Northern Hemisphere. The name comes from its
resemblance to the Greek letter, Omega, when analyzed on upper air
charts. It is an example of a blocking high.

Onshore Breeze
A wind that blows from a body of water towards the land. Also known as
a seabreeze.

Onshore Flow
Occurs when air moves from sea to land, and is usually associated with
increased moisture.

Opaque
A condition where a material, such as a cloud, blocks the passage of
radiant energy, especially light. Opaque sky cover refers to the amount
of sky cover that completely hides all that might be above it.

OPC
Ocean Prediction Center (Formally the Marine Prediction Center. An NCEP
center which produces marine forecasts north of 30�N.

Open Lakes Forecast
(GLF) - A National Weather Service marine forecast product for the U.S.
waters within a Great Lake not including the waters covered by an
existing Nearshore Waters Forecast (NSH). When the seasonal Nearshore
forecast is not issued, the Open Lake forecast includes a forecast of
nearshore waters.

Operational Products
A product that has been fully tested and evaluated and is produced on
a regular and ongoing basis.

Orifice
In hydrologic terms,

(1) An opening with closed perimeter, usually sharp edged, and of
regular form in a plate, wall, or partition through which water may
flow, generally used for the purpose of measurement or control of water.

(2) The end of a small tube, such as a Pitot tube, piezometer, etc.

ORIG
Original

Orographic
Related to, or caused by, physical geography (such as mountains or
sloping terrain).

Orographic Lifting
Same as Upslope Flow; occurs when air is forced to rise and cool due to
terrain features such as hills or mountains. If the cooling is
sufficient, water vapor condenses into clouds. Additional cooling
results in rain or snow. It can cause extensive cloudiness and
increased amounts of precipitation in higher terrain.

Orographic Precipitation
Precipitation which is caused by hills or mountain ranges deflecting
the moisture-laden air masses upward, causing them to cool and
precipitate their moisture.

Orographic Uplift
Same as Orographic Lifting; occurs when air is forced to rise and cool
due to terrain features such as hills or mountains. If the cooling is
sufficient, water vapor condenses into clouds. Additional cooling
results in rain or snow. It can cause extensive cloudiness and
increased amounts of precipitation in higher terrain.

Orographic Waves
A wavelike airflow produced over and in the lee of a mountain barrier.

Orphan Anvil
Slang for an anvil from a dissipated thunderstorm, below which no other
clouds remain.

Oscillation
A shift in position of various high and low pressure systems that in
climate terms is usually defined as an index (i.e., a single
numerically-derived number, that represents the distribution of
temperature and pressure over a wide ocean area, such as the El
Ni�o-Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Pacific
Decadal Oscillation).



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