Subj : Wx Terms (S)(5)
To   : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Thu Jul 20 2017 12:05 am

Small Craft Advisory for Winds
(SCAW): An advisory issued by coastal and Great Lakes Weather Forecast
Offices (WFO). This advisory may be included in the Coastal Waters
Forecast or Nearshore Marine Forecast products. This advisory may be
issued when wave heights are lower than small craft advisory criteria,
yet wind speeds are potentially hazardous. Thresholds governing the
issuance of small craft advisories are specific to geographic areas.

Eastern (ME..SC, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario) - Sustained winds ranging
between 25 and 33 knots (except 20 to 25 knots, lower threshold area
dependent, to 33 knots for harbors, bays, etc.)

Central (MN..OH) - Sustained winds or frequent gusts (on the Great Lakes)
between 22 and 33 knots inclusive.

Southern (GA..TX and Caribbean) - Sustained winds of 20 to 33 knots that
are expected for more than 2 hours.
Western (WA..CA) - Sustained winds of 21 to 33 knots.

Alaska (AK) - Sustained winds or frequent gusts of 23 to 33 knots.

Pacific (HI, Guam, etc) - Sustained winds 25 knots or greater; except in
Guam where it is sustained winds of 22 to 33 knots.


Small Craft Should Exercise Caution
Precautionary statement issued to alert mariners with small, weather
sensitive boats.

Small Hail
Technically used to refer to snow pellets or graupel.

Small Stream Flooding
In hydrologic terms, flooding of small creeks, streams, or runs.

Smog
Originally smog meant a mixture of smoke and fog. Now, it means air that
has restricted visibility due to pollution or pollution formed in the
presence of sunlight--photochemical smog.

Smoke
(abbrev. K) Smoke in various concentrations can cause significant
problems for people with respiratory ailments. It becomes a more
universal hazard when visibilities are reduced to 1/2 mile or less.

Smoke Dispersal
Describes the ability of the atmosphere to ventilate smoke. Depends on
the stability and winds in the lower layers of the atmosphere, i.e.,
a combination of mixing heights and transport winds.

Smoke Management
The use of meteorology, fuel moisture, fuel loading, fire suppression
and burn techniques to keep smoke impacts from prescribed fires within
acceptable limits.

Smoothed Sunspot Number
An average of 13 monthly RI numbers, centered on the month of concern.

SMW
(Special Marine Warning) - A warning product issued for potentially
hazardous weather conditions usually of short duration (up to 2 hours)
producing sustained marine thunderstorm winds or associated gusts of
34 knots or greater; and/or hail 3/4 inch or more in diameter; and/or
waterspouts affecting areas included in a Coastal Waters Forecast, a
Nearshore Marine Forecast, or an Great Lakes Open Lakes Forecast that
is not adequately covered by existing marine warnings. Also used for
short duration mesoscale events such as a strong cold front, gravity
wave, squall line, etc., lasting less than 2 hours and producing winds
or gusts of 34 knots or greater.

SN
snow

Snotel
SNOw TELemetry - An automated network of snowpack data collection sites.
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), formerly the Soil
Conservation Service (SCS), has operated the Federal-State-Private
Cooperative Snow Survey Program in the western United States since 1935.
A standard SNOTEL site consists of a snow pillow, a storage type
precipitation gage, air temperature sensor and a small shelter for
housing electronics.

Snow
Precipitation in the form of ice crystals, mainly of intricately
branched, hexagonal form and often agglomerated into snowflakes, formed
directly from the freezing [deposition] of the water vapor in the air.

Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model
In hydrologic terms, a model which simulates snow pack accumulation,
heat exchange at the air-snow interface, areal extent of snow cover,
heat storage within the snow pack, liquid water retention, and
transmission and heat exchange at the ground-snow interface.

Snow Advisory
This product is issued by the National Weather Service when a low
pressure system produces snow that may cause significant inconveniences,
but do not meet warning criteria and if caution is not exercised could
lead to life threatening situations. The advisory criteria varies from
area to area. If the forecaster feels that it is warranted, he or she
can issued it for amounts less than the minimum criteria. For example,
it may be issued for the first snow of the season or when snow has not
fallen in long while.

Snow Core
A sample of either freshly fallen snow, or the combined old and new snow
on the ground. This is obtained by pushing a cylinder down through the
snow layer and extracting it.

Snow Cornice
A mass of snow or ice projecting over a mountain ridge.

Snow Density
The mass of snow per unit volume which is equal to the water content of
the snow divided by its depth.

Snow Depth
The combined total depth of both the old and new snow on the ground.

Snow Flurries
Snow flurries are an intermittent light snowfall of short duration
(generally light snow showers) with no measurable accumulation (trace
category).

Snow Grains
Precipitation consisting of white, opaque ice particles usually less than
1 mm in diameter.

Snow Pack
Same as Snowcover; the combined layers of snow and ice on the ground at
any one time.

Snow Pellets
Precipitation, usually of brief duration, consisting of crisp, white,
opaque ice particles, round or conical in shape and about 2 to 5 mm in
diameter. Same as graupel or small hail.

Snow Pillow

1) A window of snow deposited in the immediate lee of a snow fence or
ridge.
or

2) In hydrologic terms, an instrument used to measure snow water
equivalents. Snow pillows typically have flat stainless steel surface
areas. The pillow below this flat surface is filled with antifreeze
solution and the pressure in the pillow is related to the
water-equivalent depth of the snow on the platform. One great advantage
of snow pillows over a snow survey is the frequency of observations,
which can be as high as twice per day.

Snow Shower
A snow shower is a short duration of moderate snowfall. Some accumulation
is possible.

Snow Squall
A snow squall is an intense, but limited duration, period of moderate to
heavy snowfall, accompanied by strong, gusty surface winds and possibly
lightning (generally moderate to heavy snow showers). Snow accumulation
may be significant.

Snow Stake
A 1-3/4 inch square, semi-permanent stake, marked in inch increments to
measure snow depth.

Snow Stick
A portable rod used to measure snow depth.

Snow Water Equivalent
The water content obtained from melting accumulated snow.

Snowboard
A flat, solid, white material, such as painted plywood, approximately two
feet square, which is laid on the ground, or snow surface by weather
observers to obtain more accurate measurements of snowfall and water
content.

Snowcover
Also known as Snow Pack; the combined layers of snow and ice on the ground
at any one time.

Snowflake
An agglomeration of snow crystals falling as a unit.

Snowmelt Flooding
In hydrologic terms, flooding caused primarily by the melting of snow.

Snowpack
The total snow and ice on the ground, including both the new snow and the
previous snow and ice which has not melted.

SNR
Signal-to-Noise Ratio

SNW
Snowfall

SNWFL
Snowfall



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