Subj : Weather Terms (B) Part 3
To   : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Mon Oct 03 2016 12:06 am

BKN
Broken

BL
Abbreviation for Boundary Layer; a layer of air adjacent to a bounding
surface. Specifically, the term most often refers to the planetary
boundary layer, which is the layer within which the effects of friction
are significant. For the earth, this layer is considered to be roughly
the lowest one or two kilometers of the atmosphere. It is within this
layer that temperatures are most strongly affected by daytime insolation
and nighttime radiational cooling, and winds are affected by friction
with the earth's surface. The effects of friction die out gradually w
ith height, so the "top" of this layer cannot be defined exactly.

Black Ice
1. Slang reference to patchy ice on roadways or other transportation
surfaces that cannot easily be seen.

2. In hydrologic terms, transparent ice formed in rivers and lakes.

Blackbody
A hypothetical "body" that absorbs all of the electromagnetic radiation
striking it - it does not reflect or transmit any of the incident
radiation. A blackbody not only absorbs all wavelengths, but emits at
all wavelengths with the maximum possible intensity for any given
temperature.

Blackbody Radiation
The electromagnetic radiation emitted by an ideal blackbody adhering to
the radiation laws; it is the theoretical maximum amount of
electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths that can be emitted by a
body at a given temperature.

BLD
Build

BLDUP
Buildup

Blizzard
(abbrev. BLZD)- A blizzard means that the following conditions are
expected to prevail for a period of 3 hours or longer:
Sustained wind or frequent gusts to 35 miles an hour or greater; and
Considerable falling and/or blowing snow (i.e., reducing visibility
frequently to less than 1/4 mile)

Blizzard Warning
Issued for winter storms with sustained or frequent winds of 35 mph or
higher with considerable falling and/or blowing snow that frequently
reduces visibility to 1/4 of a mile or less. These conditions are
expected to prevail for a minimum of 3 hours.

BLO
Below

Blocked Flow
Flow approaching a mountain barrier that is too weak or too stable to
be carried over the barrier.

Blowing
A descriptor used to amplify observed weather phenomena whenever the
phenomena are raised to a height of 6 feet or more above the ground

Blowing Dust or Sand
Strong winds over dry ground, that has little or no vegetation, can
lift particles of dust or sand into the air. These airborne particles
can reduce visibility, cause respiratory problems, and have an
abrasive affect on machinery. A concentration reducing the visibility
to ? mile or less often poses hazards for travelers.

Blowing Snow
Blowing snow is wind-driven snow that reduces surface visibility.
Blowing snow can be falling snow or snow that has already accumulated
but is picked up and blown by strong winds. Blowing snow is usually
accompanied by drifting snow.

Blowing Snow Advisory
Issued when wind driven snow reduces surface visibility, possibly,
hampering traveling. Blowing snow may be falling snow, or snow that
has already accumulated but is picked up and blown by strong winds.

Blue Watch or Blue Box
[Slang], a severe thunderstorm watch.

Blustery
Same as Breezy; 15 to 25 mph winds.

BLV
before

BLZD
Blizzard- A blizzard means that the following conditions are expected
to prevail for a period of 3 hours or longer: Sustained wind or frequent
gusts to 35 miles an hour or greater; and Considerable falling and/or
blowing snow (i.e., reducing visibility frequently to less than ? mile)

BN
Blowing Sand

BNDRY
Boundary

Bomb
Popular expression of a rapid intensification of a cyclone (low pressure)
with surface pressure expected to fall by at least 24 millibars in 24
hour.

Bora
A regional downslope wind whose source is so cold that it is experienced
as a cold wind, despite compression warming as it descends the lee slope
of a mountain range.

Border Ice
In hydrologic terms, an ice sheet in the form of a long border attached
to the bank or shore.; shore ice.

Boundary Layer
In general, a layer of air adjacent to a bounding surface. Specifically,
the term most often refers to the planetary boundary layer, which is the
layer within which the effects of friction are significant. For the earth,
this layer is considered to be roughly the lowest one or two kilometers
of the atmosphere. It is within this layer that temperatures are most
strongly affected by daytime insolation and nighttime radiational cooling,
and winds are affected by friction with the earth's surface. The effects
of friction die out gradually with increasing height, so the "top" of this
layer cannot be defined exactly.

There is a thin layer immediately above the earth's surface known as the
surface boundary layer (or simply the surface layer). This layer is only
a portion of the planetary boundary layer, and represents the layer within
which friction effects are more or less constant throughout (as opposed to
decreasing with height, as they do above it). The surface boundary layer
is roughly 10 meters thick (from the surface up to 10 m above the ground),
but again the exact depth is indeterminate. Like friction, the effects of
insolation and radiational cooling are strongest within this layer.

Bounded Weak Echo Region
(Also known as a vault.) Radar signature within a thunderstorm
characterized by a local minimum in radar reflectivity at low levels
which extends upward into, and is surrounded by, higher reflectivities
aloft. This feature is associated with a strong updraft and is almost
always found in the inflow region of a thunderstorm. It cannot be seen
visually.

BOVC
Base of Overcast

Bow Echo
A radar echo which is linear but bent outward in a bow shape. Damaging
straight-line winds often occur near the "crest" or center of a bow echo.
Areas of circulation also can develop at either end of a bow echo, which
sometimes can lead to tornado formation - especially in the left
(usually northern) end, where the circulation exhibits cyclonic rotation.

Bowen Ratio
For any moist surface, the ratio of heat energy used for sensible heating
(conduction and convection) to the heat energy used for latent heating
(evaporation of water or sublimation of snow). The Bowen ratio ranges
from about 0.1 for the ocean surface to more than 2.0 for deserts;
negative values are also possible. It is named for Ira S. Bowen
(1898-1978), an American astrophysicist.

Box Model
A computer model used to calculate air pollution concentrations. A box
model is based on the assumption that pollutants are emitted into a box
through which they are immediately and uniformly dispersed. The sides
and bottom of the box are defined by the sidewalls and floor of the
valley being studied.

BR
Mist

Brackish Ice
In hydrologic terms, ice formed from brackish water.

Braided Stream
In hydrologic terms, characterized by successive division and rejoining
of streamflow with accompanying islands. A braided stream is composed
of anabranches.

Brash Ice
In hydrologic terms, accumulation of floating ice made up of fragments
not more than 2 meters across; the wreckage of other forms of ice.

BRD
Border

Breach
In hydrologic terms, the failed opening in a dam.


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