Subj : Ham Radio History (2)
To : All
From : Daryl Stout
Date : Thu Sep 26 2019 12:23 pm
The Q Code
The Q Code came into being internationally in 1912 to overcome the
language problems involved in communications by radio among ships and
shore stations of all countries. The original list of 50 adopted by
international agreement in London contain many which are still familiar
to amateur operators-QRN, QRM, QSO, the traffic operator's QRK, QSY and
QRV -are now well past the half-century mark in continuous usage. QSL
still has the official 1912 definition despite the changed informal
usages it is subjected to in amateur parlance.
The QN signals for amateur net operation were introduced in the late
1930s by W1UE (now W4IA) to lighten the burdens of net control operators.
***
CQ
The telegraph call CQ was born on the English Telegraph nearly a century
ago as a signal meaning "All stations. A notification to all postal
telegraph offices to receive the message." Its meaning was close to the
present meanings of QNC and QST. Like many other telegraph terms which
originated on the landlines, CQ was brought over into radio and used as
a general call to all ships by the Marconi Company. Other companies used
KA until the London Convention of 1912, which adopted CQ as the
international general call or "attention" signal. CQ still means,
literally, "attention" but in amateur radio its meaning is perhaps more
accurately described by Thomas Raddell who compared it to yelling "Hey,
Mac!" down a drain pipe.
But why the letters CQ? It's apparently from the French word for safety...
or, as intended here, pay attention.
***
73, and other numeric greetings
The traditional expression "73" goes right back to the beginning of the
landline telegraph days. It is found in some of the earliest editions of
the numerical codes, each with a different definition, but each with
the same idea in mind -- it indicated that the end, or signature, was
coining up. But there are no data to prove that any of these were used.
The first authentic use of 73 is in the publication The National
Telegraph Review and Operators' Guide, first published in April 1857. At
that time, 73 meant "My love to you!" Succeeding issues of this
publication continued to use this definition of the term. Curiously
enough, some of the other numerals then used have the same definition
now that they had then, but within a short time, the use of 73 began to
change.
In the National Telegraph Convention, the numeral was changed from the
Valentine-type sentiment to a vague sign of fraternalism. Here, 73 was
a greeting, a friendly "word" between operators and it was so used on
all wires.
In 1859, the Western Union Company set up the standard "92 Code". A list
of numerals from one to 92 was compiled to indicate a series of prepared
phrases for use by the operators on the wires. Here, in the 92 Code, 73
changes from a fraternal sign to a very flowery "accept my compliments,"
which was in keeping with the florid language of that era.
Over the years from 1859 to 1900, the many manuals of telegraphy show
variations of this meaning. Dodge's The Telegraph Instructor shows it
merely as "compliments." The Twentieth Century Manual of Railway and
Commercial Telegraphy defines it two ways, one listing as "my compliments
to you;" but in the glossary of abbreviations it is merely "compliments."
Theodore A. Edison's Telegraphy Self-Taught shows a return to "accept my
compliments." By 1908, however, a later edition of the Dodge Manual gives
us today's definition of "best regards" with a backward look at the older
meaning in another part of the work where it also lists it as
"compliments."
"Best regards" has remained ever since as the
"put-it-down-in-black-and-white" meaning of 73, but it has acquired
overtones of much warmer meaning. Today, amateurs use it more in the
manner that James Reid had intended that it be used --a "friendly word
between operators", or "best wishes".
75 is used for "May God Bless you and yours".
88 is usually used between spouses for "love and kisses".
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* Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (801:1/2)
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