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Ted Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber, has died in federal prison at 81
By MICHAEL BALSAMO and LINDSAY WHITEHURSTJune 10, 2023 GMT
1 of 6
FILE - Theodore Kaczynski looks around as U.S. Marshals prepare to take
him down the steps at the federal courthouse to a waiting vehicle on
June 21, 1996, in Helena, Mont. A spokesperson for the Bureau of
Prisons told The Associated Press that Kaczynski, known as the
“Unabomber,” has died in federal prison. The cause of death was not
immediately known. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson, File)
1 of 6
FILE - Theodore Kaczynski looks around as U.S. Marshals prepare to take
him down the steps at the federal courthouse to a waiting vehicle on
June 21, 1996, in Helena, Mont. A spokesperson for the Bureau of
Prisons told The Associated Press that Kaczynski, known as the
“Unabomber,” has died in federal prison. The cause of death was not
immediately known. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson, File)
WASHINGTON (AP) — Theodore “Ted” Kaczynski, the Harvard-educated
mathematician who retreated to a dingy shack in the Montana wilderness
and ran a 17-year bombing campaign that killed three people and injured
23 others, died Saturday. He was 81.
Branded [78]the “Unabomber” by the FBI, Kaczynski died at the federal
prison medical center in Butner, North Carolina, Kristie Breshears, a
spokesperson for the federal Bureau of Prisons, told The Associated
Press. He was found unresponsive in his cell early Saturday morning and
was pronounced dead around 8 a.m., she said. A cause of death was not
immediately known.
Before his transfer to the prison medical facility, he had been held in
the federal Supermax prison in Florence, Colorado, since May 1998, when
he was sentenced to four life sentences plus 30 years for a campaign of
terror that set universities nationwide on edge. He admitted committing
16 bombings from 1978 and 1995, permanently maiming several of his
victims.
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Years before the Sept. 11 attacks and the anthrax mailing, the
Unabomber’s deadly homemade bombs changed the way Americans mailed
packages and boarded airplanes, even virtually shutting down air travel
on the West Coast in July 1995.
He forced The Washington Post, in conjunction with The New York Times,
to make the agonizing decision in September 1995 to publish his
35,000-word manifesto, “Industrial Society and Its Future,” which
claimed modern society and technology was leading to a sense of
powerlessness and alienation.
But it led to his undoing. Kaczynski’s brother, David, and David’s
wife, Linda Patrik, recognized the treatise’s tone and tipped off the
FBI, which had been searching for the Unabomber for years in nation’s
longest, costliest manhunt.
Authorities in April 1996 found him in a 10-by-14-foot (3-by-4-meter)
plywood and tarpaper cabin outside Lincoln, Montana, that was filled
with journals, a coded diary, explosive ingredients and two completed
bombs.
As an elusive criminal mastermind, the Unabomber won his share of
sympathizers and comparisons to Daniel Boone, Edward Abbey and Henry
David Thoreau.
But once revealed as a wild-eyed hermit with long hair and beard who
weathered Montana winters in a one-room shack, Kaczynski struck many as
more of a pathetic loner than romantic anti-hero.
Even in his own journals, Kaczynski came across not as a committed
revolutionary but as a vengeful hermit driven by petty grievances.
“I certainly don’t claim to be an altruist or to be acting for the
‘good’ (whatever that is) of the human race,” he wrote on April 6,
1971. “I act merely from a desire for revenge.”
A psychiatrist who interviewed Kaczynski in prison diagnosed him as a
paranoid schizophrenic.
“Mr. Kaczynski’s delusions are mostly persecutory in nature,” Sally
Johnson wrote in a 47-page report. “The central themes involve his
belief that he is being maligned and harassed by family members and
modern society.”
Kaczynski hated the idea of being viewed as mentally ill and when his
lawyers attempted to present an insanity defense, he tried to fire
them. When that failed, he tried to hang himself with his underwear.
Kaczynski eventually pleaded guilty rather than let his defense team
proceed with an insanity defense.
“I’m confident that I’m sane,” Kaczynski told Time magazine in 1999. “I
don’t get delusions and so forth.”
He was certainly brilliant.
Kaczynski skipped two grades to attend Harvard at age 16 and had
published papers in prestigious mathematics journals. His explosives
were carefully tested and came in meticulously handcrafted wooden boxes
sanded to remove possible fingerprints. Later bombs bore the signature
“FC” for “Freedom Club.”
The FBI called him the “Unabomber” because his early targets seemed to
be universities and airlines. An altitude-triggered bomb he mailed in
1979 went off as planned aboard an American Airlines flight; a dozen
people aboard suffered from smoke inhalation.
Kaczynski killed computer rental store owner Hugh Scrutton, advertising
executive Thomas Mosser and timber industry lobbyist Gilbert Murray.
California geneticist Charles Epstein and Yale University computer
expert David Gelernter were maimed by bombs two days apart in June
1993.
Mosser was killed in his North Caldwell, New Jersey, home on Dec. 10,
1994, a day he was supposed to be picking out a Christmas tree with his
family. His wife, Susan, found him grievously wounded by a barrage of
razor blades, pipes and nails.
“He was moaning very softly,” she said at Kaczynski’s 1998 sentencing.
“The fingers on his right hand were dangling. I held his left hand. I
told him help was coming. I told him I loved him.”
When Kaczynski stepped up his bombs and letters to newspapers and
scientists in 1995, experts speculated the Unabomber was jealous of the
attention being paid to Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.
A threat to blow up a plane out of Los Angeles before the end of the
July Fourth weekend threw air travel and mail delivery into chaos. The
Unabomber later claimed it was a “prank.”
The Washington Post printed the Unabomber’s manifesto at the urging of
federal authorities, after the bomber said he would desist from
terrorism if a national publication published his treatise.
Patrik had had a disturbing feeling about her brother-in-law even
before seeing the manifesto and eventually persuaded her husband to
read a copy at the library. After two months of arguments, they took
some of Ted Kaczynski’s letters to Patrik’s childhood friend Susan
Swanson, a private investigator in Chicago.
Swanson in turn passed them along to former FBI behavioral science
expert Clint Van Zandt, whose analysts said whoever wrote them had also
probably written the Unabomber’s manifesto.
“It was a nightmare,” David Kaczynski, who as a child had idolized his
older brother, said in a 2005 speech at Bennington College. “I was
literally thinking, ‘My brother’s a serial killer, the most wanted man
in America.’”
Swanson turned to a corporate lawyer friend, Anthony Bisceglie, who
contacted the FBI. The investigation and prosecution were overseen by
now-Attorney General Merrick Garland, during a previous stint at the
Justice Department.
David Kaczynski wanted his role kept confidential, but his identity
quickly leaked out and Ted Kaczynski vowed never to forgive his younger
sibling. He ignored his letters, turned his back on him at court
hearings and described David Kaczynski in a 1999 book draft as a “Judas
Iscariot (who) ... doesn’t even have enough courage to go hang
himself.”
Ted Kaczynski was born May 22, 1942, in Chicago, the son of
second-generation Polish Catholics — a sausage-maker and a homemaker.
He played the trombone in the school band, collected coins and skipped
the sixth and 11th grades.
His high school classmates thought him odd, particularly after he
showed a school wrestler how to make a mini-bomb that detonated during
chemistry class.
Harvard classmates recalled him as a lonely, thin boy with poor
personal hygiene and a room that smelled of spoiled milk, rotting food
and foot powder.
After graduate studies at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, he
got a job teaching math at the University of California at Berkeley but
found the work difficult and quit abruptly. In 1971, he bought a
1½-acre parcel about 4 miles (6 kilometers) outside of Lincoln and
built a cabin there without heating, plumbing or electricity.
He learned to garden, hunt, make tools and sew, living on a few hundred
dollars a year.
He left his cabin in Montana in the late 1970s to work at a foam rubber
products manufacturer outside Chicago with his father and brother. But
when a female supervisor dumped him after two dates, he began posting
insulting limericks about her and wouldn’t stop.
His brother fired him and Ted Kaczynski soon returned to the wilderness
to continue plotting his vengeful killing spree.
___
Balsamo reported from Miami. This story includes biographical material
written by former Associated Press writer Derek Rose.
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