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Chromium Blog

News and developments from the open source browser project

[6]An Update on the Lock Icon

Tuesday, May 2, 2023

Editor’s note: based on industry research (from Chrome and others), and
the ubiquity of HTTPS, we will be replacing the lock icon in Chrome’s
address bar with a new “tune” icon – both to emphasize that security
should be the default state, and to make site settings more accessible.
Read on to learn about this multi-year journey.

Browsers have shown a lock icon when a site loads over HTTPS since the
early versions of Netscape in the 1990s. For the last decade, Chrome
participated in a major initiative to [7]increase HTTPS adoption on the
web, and to help make the web secure by default. As late as 2013, only
[8]14% of the Alexa Top 1M sites supported HTTPS. Today, however, HTTPS
has become the norm and [9]over 95% of page loads in Chrome on Windows
are over a secure channel using HTTPS. This is great news for the
ecosystem; it also creates an opportunity to re-evaluate how we signal
security protections in the browser. In particular, the lock icon.

The lock icon is meant to indicate that the network connection is a
secure channel between the browser and site and that the network
connection cannot be tampered with or eavesdropped on by third parties,
but it’s a remnant of an era where HTTPS was uncommon. HTTPS was
originally so rare that at one point, Internet Explorer popped up an
alert to users to notify them that the connection was secured by HTTPS,
reminiscent of the [10]“Everything’s Okay” alarm from The Simpsons.
When HTTPS was rare, the lock icon drew attention to the additional
protections provided by HTTPS. Today, this is no longer true, and HTTPS
is the norm, not the exception, and we've been evolving Chrome
accordingly.

For example: we know that the lock icon does not indicate website
trustworthiness. We redesigned the lock icon in 2016 after our research
showed that many users misunderstood what the icon conveyed. Despite
our best efforts, [11]our research in 2021 showed that only 11% of
study participants correctly understood the precise meaning of the lock
icon. This misunderstanding is not harmless — nearly all phishing sites
use HTTPS, and therefore also display the lock icon. Misunderstandings
are so pervasive that many organizations, including the [12]FBI,
publish explicit guidance that the lock icon is not an indicator of
website safety.
[13][heatmap.png]

When shown Chrome UI in research studies, users would look at the
padlock to evaluate the trustworthiness of a hypothetical ecommerce
site. We showed the site controls to experiment participants. The
overlaid heat-maps represent the click patterns of respondents who were
asked to indicate any information which was perceived helpful in the
scenario.

The lock icon is currently a helpful entry point into site controls in
Chrome. In 2021, we shared that we were experimenting with
[14]replacing the lock icon in Chrome with a more security-neutral
entry point to site controls. We continued to mark [15]HTTP as insecure
in the URL bar. Users in the experiment opened the site controls more,
and they didn't express any confusion that can follow major UI changes.

[16][site-controls.png] [17][site-controls-small.png]
Site controls currently accessible from the lock icon.

Based on these research results from ourselves and [18]others, and the
broader shift towards HTTPS, we will be replacing the lock icon in
Chrome with a variant of the tune icon. We think the tune icon:
* Does not imply "trustworthy"
* Is more obviously clickable
* Is commonly associated with settings or other controls

[19][tune.png]

We plan to replace the lock icon with a variant of the tune icon, which
is commonly used to indicate controls and settings.

Replacing the lock icon with a neutral indicator prevents the
misunderstanding that the lock icon is associated with the
trustworthiness of a page, and emphasizes that security should be the
default state in Chrome. Our research has also shown that many users
never understood that clicking the lock icon showed important
information and controls. We think the new icon helps make permission
controls and additional security information more accessible, while
avoiding the misunderstandings that plague the lock icon.

The new icon is scheduled to launch in Chrome 117, which releases in
early September 2023, as part of a general design refresh for desktop
platforms. Chrome will continue to alert users when their connection is
not secure. You can see the new tune icon now in Chrome Canary if you
enable Chrome Refresh 2023 at chrome://flags#chrome-refresh-2023, but
keep in mind this flag enables work that is still actively in-progress
and under development, and does not represent a final product.
[20][new-site-controls.png]

Same page controls, new icon. The lock continues to exist as a
precisely scoped entry point to connection security information, but
with a new top-level access point.

We’ll be replacing the lock icon on Android at the same time as the
broader desktop change. On iOS, the lock icon is not tappable, so we
will be removing it entirely. On all platforms, we will continue to
mark plaintext HTTP as insecure.

As HTTPS has become the norm, replacing the lock icon has long been a
goal both of Chrome and the broader security community. We’re excited
that HTTPS adoption has grown so much over the years, and that we’re
finally able to safely take this step, and continue to move towards a
web that is secure-by-default.

- By David Adrian, Serena Chen, Joe DeBlasio, Emily Stark, and Emanuel
von Zezschwitz, and the rest of Chrome Trusty Transport from the Chrome
Security team
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[21]Google
Labels: [22]chrome , [23]HTTPS , [24]lock icon
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References

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3. https://blog.chromium.org/feeds/7997693211026179324/comments/default
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33. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ad blocking
34. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/advanced capabilities
35. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/android
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58. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome ads
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67. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome devtools
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69. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome extensions
70. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome Frame
71. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome lite
72. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Chrome on Android
73. https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/chrome on ios
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