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    Study Shows Fishing Vessels `Go Dark' to Avoid Detection

Study Shows Fishing Vessels `Go Dark' to Avoid Detection

  [46]Top Stories
  [47]By ADF On Jan 3, 2023
  Senegalese sailors and U.S. Coast Guard members inspect a vessel
  fishing in Senegal's exclusive economic zone. PETTY OFFICER 1ST CLASS
  DANIEL MENNUTO/U.S. NAVY
  Share

  ADF STAFF

  Fisheries officials have long known that trawlers involved in illegal
  fishing turn off their automatic identification systems (AIS) to cloak
  their activities.

  Researchers using Global Fishing Watch data have specified for the
  first time that West Africa is among the world's hot spots for AIS
  disabling. The region is mostly targeted by China's distant-water
  fishing fleet, the world's largest.

  The study, which tracked AIS disabling between 2017 and 2019, showed
  that up to 6% of global fishing is hidden due to the practice. West
  Africa accounted for the third-highest number of AIS-disabled hours
  tracked in the study, trailing only the northwest Pacific and the coast
  of Argentina. The practice is commonly known as "going dark."

  "This is the first time intentional AIS disabling has been quantified
  and mapped on a global scale," the report's author, Heather Welch, a
  spatial ecologist at University of California Santa Cruz, told The
  Guardian newspaper. "Prior to this work, we didn't have an
  understanding of how big a problem disabling is, where it happens, who
  does it and why they do it."

  Illegal fishing costs the continent up to $11.49 billion annually and
  Africa's fish stocks are now in steep decline, driving food insecurity.
  Illegal fishing is linked to other sea crimes, such as piracy, human
  trafficking and drug smuggling, and threatens the livelihoods of the
  roughly 5.2 million people who work in the continent's small-scale
  fisheries.

  West Africa, the world's epicenter for illegal fishing, attracts 40% of
  the world's illegal trawlers, according to a 2022 report by the
  Financial Transparency Coalition.

  AIS receivers have been used since 2008 and are meant to support safe
  navigation and collision avoidance by automatically transferring
  information about a vessel to other ships. It increasingly has been
  used in fisheries enforcement.

  Despite the consequences of illegal fishing, many West African nations
  do not require that fishing vessels use an AIS, Peter Hammarstedt,
  director of campaigns for Sea Shepherd Global, which helps several West
  African countries combat illegal fishing, told ADF in an email. Less
  than 20% of Chinese trawlers in the region use AIS, Hammarstedt added.

  Much of the AIS disabling highlighted in the report occurred near a
  nation's exclusive economic zone and near marine protected areas.

  "As West Africa suffers annual economic losses of up to $2.3 billion
  because of illegal fishing, including authorized incursions of
  industrial fleets into national waters, AIS disabling that reduces
  monitoring capabilities in this region is particularly alarming," the
  report said.

  Although disabling an AIS signal isn't a crime in every region, Global
  Fishing Watch and other maritime security experts say it is often a
  good indication that a vessel is hiding its activities, including
  "saiko," the illegal transshipment of fish at sea.

  Saiko involves transferring a trawler's catch to a large canoe capable
  of carrying about 450 times more fish than an artisanal fishing canoe.
  In 2017, saiko took 100,000 tons of fish from Ghanaian waters alone,
  costing the country millions of dollars in revenue, according to the
  Environmental Justice Foundation.
  [48]China[49]Illegal Fishing[50]West Africa

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