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[121]Business

How Amazon put Ukraine's `government in a box' -- and saved its economy from
Russia

Disaster Response Training with loaded truck. Suitcase size gray
Snowball Edge data storage units seen in back
Amazon conducts a disaster response training exercise using Snowball
Edge data storage units. Similar units have been used to transfer
Ukraine government data to the Amazon cloud.
(Noah Berger / Amazon)
By [122]Russ MitchellStaff Writer
Dec. 15, 2022 5 AM PT
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Since Februrary, [130]Amazon has been playing Santa Claus to
[131]Ukraine, delivering planeloads of goods, including blankets,
hygiene kits, diapers, food and toys, for the war-torn nation and
refugees in Poland and other parts of Europe.

But long term, what's more important to Ukrainians than the gifts
coming in is what's going out: massive amounts of government, tax,
banking and property data vulnerable to destruction and abuse should
Russian invaders get their hands on it.
Advertisement

Since the day Russia launched its invasion Feb. 24, Amazon has been
working closely with the Ukrainian government to download essential
data and ferry it out of the country in suitcase-sized solid-state
computer storage units called Snowball Edge, then funneling the data
into Amazon's cloud computing system.

"This is the most technologically advanced war in human history," said
Mykhailo Fedorov, Ukraine's 31-year-old vice prime minister and
minister of digital transformation, referring not just to weapons but
data too. Amazon Web Services' "leadership made a decision that saved
the Ukrainian government and economy."

Amazon has invested $75 million so far in its Ukraine effort, which
includes the data transfer via the Snowballs. Fedorov, speaking at a
tech conference in Las Vegas this month, called it "priceless."
[132]NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg gives a lecture on Russia,
Ukraine and NATO's security policy challenges, during the Civita
breakfast in the University of Oslo, Thursday, Dec. 8, 2022. (Terje
Bendiksby/NTB Scanpix via AP)

[133]World & Nation

[134]NATO chief fears Ukraine war could spiral into wider conflict between
West and Russia

The head of NATO has expressed worry that the fighting in Ukraine could
spin out of control and become a `full-fledged war' between Russia and
NATO.

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The data, 10 million gigabytes so far, represent "critical information
infrastructure. This is core for operation of the economy, of the tax
system, of banks, and the government overall," he said. The data also
include property records whose safekeeping can help prevent theft of
Ukrainian homes, businesses and land.

Through history, invaders have "come in and staged fake referendum and
parceled out the land to their chums," said Liam Maxwell, head of
government transformation at Amazon Web Services, the company's highly
profitable cloud computing arm. "That kind of thing has been happening
since William the Conquerer."

The Odessa Journal newspaper reported in June that residents of the
Russian-occupied city of Mariupol whose homes had been destroyed were
being moved into the homes of citizens who had fled the area, and were
being forced to find those who left and pressure them to cooperate in
some fashion with the Russians.

Maxwell, who's based in London, had already been working with Ukraine
for years when it became clear by January that Russia planned to attack
the country.
[135]LOS ANGELES, CA - OCTOBER 12: Dyana (cq) Gallo (cq), left,
Nannette (cq) Plascencia (cq), 44, union organizer, both Amazon
employees at the ONT8 Amazon fulfillment center in Moreno Valley, and
Carolina Verduzco, community organizer, file their union election
petition at the National Labor Relations Board at the United States
Court House in downtown on Wednesday, Oct. 12, 2022 in Los Angeles, CA.
(Gary Coronado / Los Angeles Times)

[136]Business

[137]Amazon union push at Moreno Valley warehouse stalls

A group of Amazon workers in California have withdrawn a petition to
hold a union election, but it's a temporary setback, the workers say.

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At the time, Ukrainian law required the majority of government data and
certain private data to be housed on servers in Ukraine. In February,
parliament changed that law to allow the information transfer.

On Feb. 24, the day of the invasion, Maxwell met for lunch with
Ukrainian Ambassador Vadym Prystaiko at the Ukrainian Embassy in
London.

They sketched out with pen and paper a list of the most essential data:
the population register, land and property ownership records, tax
payment records, bank records, education registries, anti-corruption
databases and more. The project involved 27 Ukrainian ministries, 18
Ukrainian universities, the country's largest remote learning K-12
school serving hundreds of thousands of displaced children, and dozens
of other private sector companies including Ukraine's largest private
financial institution, PrivatBank.

Early on, the Snowball units, in their shock-proof gray containers,
were flown from Dublin to Krakow, Poland. Then the Ukrainians "spirited
these devices over the border" into Ukraine, Maxwell said.
An Amazon worker readies humanitarian supplies for Ukraine. Large boxes
wrapped in black are piled up and tied down.
An Amazon worker readies humanitarian supplies for Ukraine.
(Amazon)
Advertisement

After the data downloads, much of the information is being sent to the
cloud over secure networks, and the Snowballs, loaded with up to 80
terabytes of encrypted data each, are shipped back to Amazon. For good
reason, Maxwell doesn't want to say where, but says "it's a tense
moment around the baggage carousel. Here's government in a box,
literally."

Once it's in the cloud and distributed around the world, everyone
breathes easier. "You can't take out the cloud with a cruise missile,"
Maxwell said.

The mission required speed, organization and deep technical skill.
Maxwell said Fedorov, "a man in a hurry," ticked all the boxes.
Advertisement

Still, Amazon spent time training the Ukrainians on how the AWS system
works. That free training has been extended to refugees in Poland and
in other locations in Europe. There's an upside for Amazon, in addition
to recognition for its efforts: Maxwell notes that the program is
equipping those refugees with crucial tech skills -- and in the process
expanding AWS' talent base.

Amazon didn't have to worry about its relationship with Russia on the
Snowball project. It doesn't have one. "We didn't have anything to turn
off there," Maxwell said. "We had never invested there. It's a point of
principle."

Since the project began, other countries have told Amazon they're
interested in out-of-the-country cloud backups of government data.
Maxwell wouldn't say which countries but noted keen interest from East
Asia.
__________________________________________________________________

[138]Business[139]Technology and the Internet
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[140]Russ Mitchell

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Russ Mitchell covers the rapidly changing global auto industry, with
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