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Why I Love Lucy Maud

June 11, 2021 [23]Print

by Carol Volkart

When I first met Lucy Maud Montgomery in her journals a few months ago,
she was a sparkling flirt of 14 tumbling off sleds in winter snowbanks,
losing her hat and laughing, laughing, laughing. When I said goodbye to
her recently, she was an anguished woman of 67, full of drugs, with a
depressive husband and a heartless son who may have harassed her into
the grave. The last entry in the journals she kept from 1889 to 1942
described her last years as “hell, hell, hell. My mind has gone,
everything I have lived for has gone – the world has gone mad. I shall
be driven to end my life. Oh God, forgive me. Nobody dreams what my
awful position is.”

Like many people the world over, I have known L.M. Montgomery as
primarily the author of Anne of Green Gables, a book I adored as a
child. I loved its lyrical descriptions of nature in an idyllic island
setting, and its seemingly real characters with their foibles and wit
and bravery. I suspect it was Anne that first gave me the idea of
writing myself; the notion that the ordinary people and places around
me held their own interest and potential for drama. Anne, first
published in 1908, still holds its charm for youngsters and draws
hordes of tourists to Prince Edward Island, but as an adult, I cooled.
Dipping into it briefly a few years ago, I grimaced over the purple
passages about nature and never got further.

That may have been why I let Montgomery’s five volumes of journals,
published between 1985 and 2004, gather dust on our bookshelves until
last summer, when Covid isolation opened up more time for reading.
Curiously, my partner John, who had never read any of Montgomery’s
fiction, was intrigued by the journals. He began buying them for me as
gifts as soon as they were published, and went on to buying them for
“us,” gobbling them up himself whenever a new one came out.

Now I know why. The journals are far more fascinating than Anne or any
of its sequels. They’re a classic tale of a love-starved child
overcoming tremendous odds to achieve great success, then toppling to a
sad end. Beyond that, they’re a unique look – through the sharp eyes
and articulate pen of a rural Canadian woman – at a rapidly changing
society, from the late 1800s through the First World War, the
Depression and into the Second World War. We learn what it was like to
wear puffed sleeves so big that women had to be stuffed into their
coats, to travel for hours in a horse-drawn buggy through rain and
snowstorms, to wait obsessively for news from the trenches of the war,
to watch a best friend die of the 1918 Spanish flu, to first encounter
motorized vehicles, wireless, the telephone and even catch the first
glimpse of an airplane. But what keeps us hooked are the small details
of the daily life of a remarkable woman: Here’s the internationally
famous author cleaning out the stables when her husband isn’t up to the
job, grinding her way through boring church teas in her role as a
minister’s wife, dealing with nosey neighbours, misbehaving sons and
covering up for her husband’s dramatic mental breakdowns. As we
accompany her step by intimate step, we’re also drawn by a sense of
foreboding; clues abound that the path ahead is dark. As in a horror
movie, we want, at some points, to yell: “Don’t go down to the cellar,
Maud!” For those of us who like to dig into the whys and wherefores of
human lives – possibly to better understand our own – Montgomery’s is a
feast.

To me, the most intriguing aspect of Montgomery’s life is why it went
so wrong. Could it have been due to her own unusual mind, so
hyper-sensitive and imaginative that she sometimes teetered between
reality and another world? A childhood in which she felt snubbed and
unsupported by the grandparents who raised her and the relatives who
surrounded her? Or perhaps it was because of her extreme concern,
inculcated by her grandmother, about the opinions of others. “What will
people think?” was the mantra of her childhood world. But maybe the
attitudes of the larger society were more to blame. A brilliant student
with a photographic memory, Montgomery thirsted for higher education at
a time when learning was considered unnecessary if not actually harmful
to women (pills were advertised to overcome the bad physical effects on
young women of going to school.) Nor were women supposed to have any
interests beyond caring for a husband and children. No wonder
Montgomery, whose passionate ambition to be a writer had flared since
childhood, called herself “a cat who walked alone.”

Those women who defied the rules and tried to join the larger world
found the odds stacked against them. Lacking status, experience,
mentors and support, they were denigrated and easily exploited.
Montgomery learned early, for example, that her paycheque was
substantially less than a man’s for the same grueling job of teaching
in a rural one-room schoolhouse. Later, when it came to publishing her
first books, she signed away rights and royalties for a pittance, and
subsequently spent years embroiled in legal disputes with her
unscrupulous American publisher. But sometimes Montgomery’s problems
were due to simple bad luck. Her mother’s early death, for example, led
to her lifelong sense of childhood abandonment. The 1918 flu that
killed her best friend removed the most important emotional support of
her life. The Depression ate a huge hole in her so-called safe
investments, and she had to write off the generous loans she’d made to
friends and relatives.

If any single act could be considered primarily responsible for the sad
trajectory of Montgomery’s life, I’d trace it to her 1911 wedding to
Ewan Macdonald, who came to Cavendish as the Presbyterian minister in
1905. Why did she marry a rather dull man who was not her intellectual
equal, who shared few of her interests, who cared nothing for her
writing, and who, it turned out, had depressive issues of his own? I
suggest Montgomery was bowing to the conventions of the times, avoiding
the dread status of elderly spinster, and trying to maintain the good
opinion of others. She was also taking advantage of what seemed to be a
stroke of good luck – the arrival of a presentable single man just when
she needed a husband and a home of her own. (She knew she’d have to
leave her childhood home, where she was caring for her widowed
grandmother, when the older woman died.) By 1906, she was engaged to
Macdonald, with the agreement that marriage would wait until the
grandmother died.

That happened in 1911, but by then, things had changed. Montgomery had
published Anne in 1908, and royalties and fame were pouring in. She had
money and the freedom to break off her engagement and seek a different
life altogether. But that would have been unconventional, engagements
were not easily broken in those days, and people would have talked. The
old lessons stuck. It was obvious as early as the wedding day itself
that it was a mistake. Montgomery’s journals recount that at the
wedding dinner after the ceremony, she felt “a sudden horrible inrush
of rebellion and despair. I wanted to be free . . . . At that moment,
if I could have torn the wedding ring from my finger and so freed
myself, I would have done it!”

At first, all went well. After a lengthy honeymoon abroad financed by
her royalties, Montgomery was delighted to become mistress of her own
home in the rural Ontario parish where her husband was minister. She
found motherhood a joy, and wrote ecstatically about the arrival of her
sons, Chester and Stuart. But things began to fall apart when Macdonald
came down with a severe case of depression, and Montgomery learned to
her horror that it wasn’t for the first time. From then until the end
of his life, Macdonald suffered periodic bouts of depression, some so
severe that he couldn’t preach. Mental problems were not an acceptable
affliction at the time; what people would think of a minister with the
problem was unimaginable. So Montgomery had to cover it up, inventing
physical ailments and inviting guest ministers to cover for him when he
couldn’t make it into the pulpit. She had her own issues with
depression and mental stability, and the strain and pressure of dealing
with his, running a household, writing books and doing church work
sometimes led to her own breakdowns. At times, both Montgomery and
Macdonald took immense quantities of drugs to calm themselves and help
them sleep. Little was known about the effects of these drugs, mostly
barbituates, which were new at the time, and freely handed out by
doctors. Montgomery’s biographer says it has since been learned that
the drugs they were taking in ever-increasing doses would have actually
made their problems worse.

Meanwhile, it doesn’t appear to have been much of a marriage. If we go
by the journals, where Macdonald is only mentioned when he is having
problems, it seems like the two lived very separate lives. After the
first few years, they even vacationed separately, and Montgomery’s mood
always took an upswing when her husband left on his. While Montgomery
conscientiously fulfilled her duties as a minister’s wife, her literary
world – and her earnings – were hers alone. She wrote her books, dealt
with her publishers and fans, made public appearances, met princes,
prime ministers and governors-general, and received honours, including
the Order of the British Empire, without her husband’s involvement in
any way. We don’t know how they worked this out between them, but it
must have been a lonely life for both.

Montgomery and Macdonald might have had a happier ending if their
marriage hadn’t produced their older son Chester. For a couple
concerned about what people would think, especially in a small rural
community where Macdonald was minister, Chester was a nightmare. While
his brother Stuart had a sunny disposition and made friends easily,
Chester was always an unpopular loner who lied, stole, chased girls and
developed a reputation for indecently exposing himself. While he was
bright, he was lazy and failed year after year of the expensive
education Montgomery was paying for. He disgraced his parents with an
early, rushed marriage and fathered two children before abandoning his
family and going on to other women. When he finally graduated from law
school, Montgomery paid a law firm a substantial amount so they would
take him on. Nothing worked; Chester was always let go and constantly
begged his beleaguered mother for money.

Nobody knows to what extent this persistent harassment and heartbreak
over her son affected her own mental health and drug intake, but
Montgomery was so upset in the last three years of her life that she
stopped writing in her beloved journals. When she finally died alone,
with what appeared to be a suicide note nearby, there were suspicions
that Chester took advantage of his access to the family home to destroy
his mother’s record of those last few years. (She usually made notes of
her doings that would later become the basis of her journal entries.
Given what had happened in those years, they would likely have painted
Chester in a bad light.) Chester’s downward career continued after
Montgomery’s death. Fortunately, she did not live to see a newspaper
photograph of her handcuffed son being taken off to jail in an
embezzlement scandal.

Montgomery’s life may have been tragic, but it’s also inspiring, as the
readers of her journals know. Her son Stuart, who became a prominent
Toronto obstetrician, made that point when he asked Mary Henley Rubio
to do a biography of his mother. He wanted it to be as truthful as
possible, he told Rubio, partly “because her achievements would be more
remarkable if people knew the conditions under which she wrote,” and
partly “because there would be things people could learn from her life
that might prevent them from making the same mistakes.”

While Rubio’s subsequent research found that Montgomery shaped and
pruned her journals to create her own narrative of her life, nobody who
reads either the journals or the biography, The Gift of Wings, can come
away unimpressed. For despite her wild imagination and her extreme
highs and lows, Montgomery had learned pride, discipline and control
from her grandmother, and they served her well. Her husband could be in
the throes of deep melancholia in the bedroom, and she would be putting
in her two hours of fiction-writing in the morning, supervising and
helping the maid with the household work, keeping her sons on track,
and chairing women’s church groups in the evening. She read
voraciously, by some reports a book a day, and is the only person I’ve
ever heard of who has read Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire three times. Rubio notes that she published more than 20 books,
more than 500 short stories and 500 poems “all while raising a family,
living a busy life as the wife of a country minister, and completing 10
volumes of secret journals (the edited versions were pared to five).”
She was also a sought-after public speaker, a major figure in the
Canadian Authors Association, a strong advocate for Canadian literature
(not just hers), and a kind mentor to young would-be writers. Stuart
Macdonald told Rubio that while he might have saved five or six babies
that no one else could have, his contribution to the “sum of human
happiness” was small compared to his mother’s enormous one through her
life and her novels.

While Montgomery was sometimes imperious, and admitted to enjoying
being “lionized,” she comes across in her journals as someone you would
very much enjoy having a coffee with. She loved to laugh and gossip (a
joy denied when she was a minister’s wife), and no matter how famous
she grew, she loved best her old friends, family connections and
returning to her beloved island to revisit the places she had
immortalized. She was generous financially, loaning money to needy
friends and family even though she knew there was small chance of being
repaid. Former maids and parishioners interviewed by Rubio recalled her
fondly; her sharp comments were mostly reserved for her journals. But
Rubio was brought up short when she suggested to Stuart at their first
meeting that with her tolerance and sense of humour, Montgomery must
have been the ideal mother. “I will never forget Dr. Macdonald’s slow,
appraising look, first at me and then into me and finally through me.”
His mother may have given the impression of a broad tolerance of human
weaknesses in her writing, he later wrote, but “she did not condone any
such elasticity in herself or her family.” Her rigidity combined with
her high sensitivity and emotional peaks and lows “did not make for
tranquility” or easy camaraderie in the family, he said, “but she was
capable of inspiring deep affection in us all.”

When I turned the last page of Montgomery’s five journals, I felt
bereft, as if I had just lost an intimate, living, breathing companion.
Through all those years of entries – exalted, depressed, generous,
petty – she was always intelligent, often funny and never boring. I
wanted to know what she’d say next.

First published on [24]Views From Mount Dunbar, crossposted here with
permission from the author

Top image [25]via

Photograph of Volkart with her books taken by John Denniston
__________________________________________________________________

About the Authors

Carol Volkart is a retired Vancouver Sun editor and reporter in
Vancouver, B.C., Canada, who has always found a home in books. Lucy
Maud Montgomery’s Green Gables was one of her earliest.
[26]Carol Volkart, [27]L.M. Montgomery

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72. https://www.berfrois.com/2016/01/an-unwritten-novel-virginia-woolf/
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