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[64][1556813252025-article-logo-motherboard.svg]

People Aren’t ‘Addicted’ to Wearing Masks, They’re Traumatized

There’s a glaring omission from the discussion about why some “can’t
quit” pandemic behaviors: the mental and emotional toll of the last
year.
[65]Shayla Love
by [66]Shayla Love
May 11, 2021, 2:32pm
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A woman wearing a mask walks down a busy street.
d3sign for Getty

Around a month ago, Lauren Albanese went to the mall with her uncle and
dad. It was the first time since the pandemic began that the
27-year-old from Staten Island had been around people outside her
household.

As they entered, Albanese froze. All the people around her seemed to
move in slow motion. Her dad spoke to her, but she couldn’t hear his
words. “My body completely shut down, triggered by simply being around
people,” she said. “I still feel like I donʼt have control over myself
and how my body reacts after everything thatʼs happened.”
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Albanese tested positive for COVID-19 three days after her grandmother
died, on April 8, 2020. “Not a day goes by when I don’t think about the
events that took place over a year ago,” Albanese said.

Visual memories flood her mind: The difficulty of picking up her
grandmother’s ashes due to crematory backlogs. Getting extremely sick
herself, while trying to grieve. The inability to have a funeral. Her
grandmaʼs assisted-living facility dumping all of her grandmother’s
possessions, including her grandfather’s ashes, into boxes. When she
left the hospital the day her grandma died and saw a line of people
outside the hospital who weren’t permitted to enter. “They just wanted
to be near the building that housed their loved ones,” Albanese said.

Needless to say, it hasn’t been easy for Albanese to adjust “back to
normal." And as the United States improves its COVID-19 situation, with
daily case numbers a fraction of what they were during the January peak
(largely due to vaccinations), thereʼs been a small but vocal backlash
against those who, like Albanese, arenʼt swiftly shaking off the events
or newly acquired safety behaviors of the past year.

There have been warnings of the dangers of "[67]extreme COVID caution,"
and FiveThirtyEightʼs Nate Silver tweeting, “Iʼd argue one sign of
*irrationality* is if a person doesnʼt change their behavior much after
being vaccinated.” This viewpoint was best summarized in [68]an article
from Emma Green in The Atlantic called "The Liberals Who Can’t Quit
Lockdown."
[69]Health

[70]We Want Grief To Follow a Timeline. It Doesn’t

Shayla Love
09.04.20

“Lurking among the jubilant Americans venturing back out to bars and
planning their summer-wedding travel is a different group: liberals who
aren’t quite ready to let go of pandemic restrictions,” she wrote. “For
this subset, diligence against COVID-19 remains an expression of
political identity—even when that means overestimating the disease’s
risks or setting limits far more strict than what public-health
guidelines permit.”

Thereʼs a glaring omission from this discussion about why people “can’t
quit” pandemic behaviors: the mental and emotional toll of the last
year. After what many have been through—death, grief, isolation,
stress, anxiety, unemployment, trauma—people are going to have some
feelings around transitioning back to a less cautious way of life.
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This doesn’t mean that they reject the CDC guidelines or are wielding
progressivism as a weapon. It means some people need a little extra
time to put their masks away as they stroll around the park—and they
should take it. Especially since, broadly speaking, on a policy level,
states are opening up, and have concrete plans to continue doing so in
the coming months. If anyone is being overly cautious, itʼs happening
on an individual level, and—unlike the individual choice to not get
vaccinated—itʼs an individual behavior that doesnʼt incur any
meaningful risk for others.

An especially cruel element of being told youʼre not moving on fast
enough is that all of the usual [71]ways of grieving were put on hold
last year, or severely truncated. “As the rest of vaccinated America
begins its summer of bacchanalia, rescheduling long-awaited dinner
parties and medium-size weddings, the most hard-core pandemic
progressives are left, Cassandra-like, to preach their peers’ folly,”
Green wrote.

Albanese isnʼt sitting around preaching to others, she said. Sheʼs just
dealing, something she couldnʼt fully do while the pandemic raged
around her last year.

“I’m still very much living in a reality where COVID-19 is a part of
me,” she said. “Itʼs a part of my story at a deeper level. Weʼre all
dealing with the physical and psychological impact of losing people we
love in such a tragic way."
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There are other reasons why people may be hanging onto COVID
precautions. Some people have unvaccinated children who, though at low
risk, donʼt have zero risk. Others may be immunocompromised or worried
about the uncertainty around variants. Individual risk tolerance
varies, and since the pandemic is [72]certainly not over, itʼs
understandable if peopleʼs tolerances still rest at different levels.

But in general, there are two groups of people who are most likely to
return to normal life more slowly—and their reasons have to do with
mental health and trauma, said Steven Taylor, a psychiatrist at the
University of British Columbia. They are people who had mental health
concerns before the pandemic, like anxiety or OCD, and those who had
highly stressful or traumatic experiences: people who had COVID
themselves, have long COVID, or lost someone due to COVID. These groups
deserve our compassion, and patience.

Large-scale disasters are nearly [73]always accompanied by increases in
mental health concerns, like depression, [74]PTSD, and anxiety. In May
of 2020, Taylor and his colleagues estimated that at least 10 percent
of people would [75]develop COVID stress syndrome. Actually, [76]about
four in 10 adults in the U.S. reported symptoms of depressive disorder
and anxiety during the pandemic, which is an increase from one in 10
between January and June in 2019. In a study from February of this
year, [77]30 percent of people who had an acute COVID infection had
PTSD.
__________________________________________________________________

Watch more from VICE:
[571692927e3fa89562b2e200-1461809543116.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top]
__________________________________________________________________

We’ve just been through a collective trauma, said Sandro Galea, a
physician and epidemiologist at Boston Universityʼs School of Public
Health. “It is unsurprising that many, in this context, find themselves
struggling to let go of the norms and practices that have come to
define this experience,” he said. “With so much out of our hands,
behaviors such as masking, distancing, and cleaning surfaces represent
some of the few aspects of this pandemic which have been in our power
to control, lending some structure to a chaotic time.”

A defining feature of the pandemic has also been inequality. In [78]a
study Galea conducted last summer, he and his colleagues found that the
burden of depression landed heaviest on those who with the lowest
income and savings, and those who were more directly exposed to the
stresses of the pandemic, like essential workers.
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This inequality shapes both mental and physical health, defining how
people were affected, and also the nature of people’s long-term
responses. “Those who are in a more privileged socioeconomic
position—those who can telecommute, order all they need online, and
rest easy with a cushion of savings in the bank—have had a very
different experience than, say, the Amazon delivery driver who has had
to go to work in person each day to make ends meet,” Galea said.

Sophia Carter, an 18-year-old in Oklahoma, was the oldest of five
siblings. Now she’s the oldest of four after her 13-year-old sister,
Anna, died of COVID-19 last July. Anna had an autoimmune disease,
limited scleroderma, or CREST syndrome.

Carter said that her community in the Bible Belt opened up pretty
quickly in the spring of 2020. By June, she was able to go to Oklahoma
City and celebrate an anniversary. Many people didnʼt wear masks when
they went out. On July 1, her dad got a promotion at work, and they had
a small gathering to celebrate. They had another get-together on July
4. She doesn’t know if her sister got infected at either those
gatherings, but by the Sunday after the 4th, when it came time to go to
church, Anna stayed home because she wasn’t feeling well.

By Friday, when Carter came home from work around 3 p.m., she found
Anna in her bed. “She looked so tired,” Carter said, and tucked a
blanket over her sister’s legs and feet. That night, when Carter left
to babysit for a nearby family, she got a call from her mom. Crying,
her mom told her she had to come home and watch her baby brother,
because she was bringing Anna to the hospital. “I cried worse then than
I did later, because I realized in that moment she was dying,” Carter
said.
[79]Health

[80]Having OCD During a Pandemic Is Not a Superpower

Shayla Love
04.29.20

Anna died just hours after arriving at the hospital. Carter’s family
spent the night together huddled on the couch. The next day, they all
tested positive for COVID-19. “All six of us, my parents, me, and my
three other siblings,” she said. “I’m certain that if Anna had not
died, we would not have known that we had it at all,” Carter said.

What happened to Anna changed the way Carter thinks about mask wearing
and social distancing. Sheʼs painfully aware that there are other
people out there more susceptible to the virus, like Anna was. Even
though she’s fully vaccinated, Carter still wears her mask wherever she
goes.
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“A huge reason that I still wear my mask is to honor and respect Anna,”
Carter said.

For many, getting their vaccination is a joyous occasion, a defining
moment in which they feel safer and begin to change their behaviors.
But for others, it’s a bittersweet rememberance of those who didn’t get
their chance to be vaccinated, and can bring on new kinds of emotional
distress. Upon hearing the news that [81]children aged 12 to 15 could
be vaccinated, Carter reflected on how Anna would have been eligible
soon. “She didn’t have the option to do that, or continue her life,”
she said.

Albanese had a similar reaction when she got her vaccine. When she got
her first vaccine dose, she broke down crying. She got her shot on the
anniversary of when she had COVID.

“It shook me to my core,” she said. “I’m happy to be able to get
vaccinated and to protect myself and others. But you canʼt help but
think about what could have been for all of those people that didnʼt
have that same opportunity.”

One of Green’s arguments in the Atlantic piece is that the people are
holding onto COVID protocols first and foremost to uphold their
political identities. Do politics play a role? Sure. But that doesnʼt
mean that the wariness around leaving behind cautionary measures isnʼt
more about anxiety than about political identity.
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Throughout the pandemic, some people, largely on the right, [82]have
refused to wear masks, [83]denied the severity of the outbreak, and are
now [84]resisting getting the vaccine. “Some conservatives refused to
wear masks or stay home, because of skepticism about the severity of
the disease or a refusal to give up their freedoms,” Green
acknowledges. “But this is a different story, about progressives who
stressed the scientific evidence, and then veered away from it.”

These stories are intimately related, though, and cannot be divorced
from one another. Social distancing and mask wearing became cultural
and social signifiers: I believe in the virus and Iʼm taking it
seriously. If someone isn’t wearing a mask, it’s not a given that
person is fully vaccinated or is following the updated CDC protocols.
It could mean that person has decided not to get the vaccine, or that
they haven’t been adhering to mask guidelines from the very beginning.
[85]News

[86]Healthcare Workers Are Refusing the COVID Vaccine Because No One Is
Immune to Bad Ideas

Shayla Love, Anna Merlan
01.11.21

This stress and uncertainty around COVID behavioral social signaling
can exacerbate those who are grieving. “We’ve been faced with being
around people who donʼt want to get vaccinated, who havenʼt wanted to
wear a mask since the very beginning and say awful things and make
jokes about how theyʼre immune or have natureʼs vaccine,” Albanese
said. “Those are all triggers for me.”

People who never adopted COVID-19 measures strictly in the first place
might also have an easier time letting them go, which could be another
reason why they seem baffled at the difficulty others are having
breaking their habits. “It’s possible that conservatives, even if they
complied with restrictions publicly, never really internalized these
restrictions in the same way many liberals did,” said Ingrid Haas, an
associate professor of political science at the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln. “If you don’t really view the pandemic as threatening
and think the response has been overblown, then you’re just going
through the motions rather than internalizing the importance of the
restrictions.”
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Importantly, individual hesitations, caused by political reasons or
otherwise, are largely not reflected in policy in the U.S. A survey
from March found that nearly half of all schools[87] were open full
time, and a federal survey showed that only 12 percent of elementary
and middle schools and [88]a minority of high schools remain closed.
The CDC recently changed its guidelines to say that most outdoor
activities no longer need a mask. Even states with the most stringent
COVID restrictions, like Massachusetts and California, have outlined
how their policies [89]will be loosening over the coming months.

Green suggested that individual vigilance has consequences, like
“policies and behaviors that aren’t supported by evidence, such as
[90]banning access to playgrounds, [91]closing beaches, and
[92]refusing to reopen schools for in-person learning.” But these
policies have all been lifted. California has [93]now opened its
playgrounds. New York City’s beaches [94]will open Memorial Day
weekend. Brookline, Massachusetts, which Green criticized for keeping
its local outdoor mask mandate in place, decided to lift that
[95]mandate last week.
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In general, focusing too much on politics doesnʼt capture the whole
picture, said Thomas Talhelm, an associate professor of behavioral
science at the University of Chicagoʼs Booth School of Business. His
work examines correlations between politics and personality, like
openness to experience. But personality traits never perfectly predict
people’s political leanings based on their personality—theyʼre just one
factor. “Things like trauma, conscientiousness or fastidiousness would
play a role too," he said.

Frani, a 35-year-old in New York City using a pseudonym, was fortunate
not to lose someone close to her in the last year. But being surrounded
by death, even if it doesnʼt personally impact you, is a big deal. In
the spring of last year, she immersed herself in articles about people
who died from COVID-19.

“I still have fears that my husband will die even though weʼre
vaccinated,” she said. “Just because Iʼve read so many stories about
peopleʼs husbands dying. Or I have fears that my child will be that one
kid who gets the rare syndrome, and visions of myself in the hospital.
I have an overactive imagination. I tend to be anxious and
impressionable. But I think a lot of people, not just me, are going
through similar thoughts.”

For now, she is still wearing her mask outside and wiping down her
groceries, just like sheʼs been doing since the beginning of COVID-19.
She knows the CDC says itʼs OK not to do those things, and she believes
it. But sheʼs still going to need a little time.
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Part of it has to do with what The Atlanticʼs Katherine Wu called
"[96]post-vaccine inertia." Throughout the last year, public health
advice has changed many times—which is a good thing. It’s been
continually updated to reflect current knowledge. But each time we
change our behaviors, it comes with a whole slurry of new risk
calculations to make for ourselves and others.

“As researchers learn more about the coronavirus and the vaccines, the
rules of immune existence are changing at breakneck speed, and my
emotional valence just can’t keep pace,” Wu wrote. “I will soon be
sludged down in a pit of post-vaccination inertia, and I expect to be
mired there for weeks.”

Frani also thinks itʼs a bit obtuse to zero in on people being “overly
cautious” when the pandemic is still causing so much loss around the
world. “It’s obnoxious, the sort of glee and readiness of which we’re
abandoning masks when we see whatʼs going on in India,” she said. “Of
course weʼre all happy that things are going well here. But it’s so
cringey to me that in the same breath someone would have the audacity
to say, ’Youʼre being too safe,’ when they are people praying for
anything resembling this sort of safety that we have here in other
parts of the world.”
[97]World News

[98]We Spoke to People Who Got COVID-19 in India Not Once, but Twice

Saudamini Jain
05.10.21

In the U.S., if the situation continues to improve and vaccination
continues, any people harboring more cautious behaviors will likely see
those fade away on their own, without the need for any hand-wringing
from others.

“As time goes on and people become accustomed to living in a
‘post-pandemic’ world, the precautionary behaviors will become less
frequent,” Taylor said. “That is, even anxious people will tend to drop
their safety behaviors such as mask wearing and excessive cleaning of
surfaces.”

And telling people to jump back into the deep end of normalcy isn’t the
best approach, nor is berating them. “If you’re anxious about
discontinuing mask wearing, then a gradual approach will be easier
rather than doing it cold turkey,” he said. “We can show compassion by
not making a fuss or a big deal if someone chooses to wear a mask, wash
surfaces, not shake hands, or refuses to go into crowded indoor
places.”

In a little under two weeks, Albanese will be fully vaccinated, but she
will be giving herself the time and space she needs, partly for
herself, but also for others who are struggling. “There are people like
me that are walking around for the first time trying to take in this
world without our loved ones in it,” she said. “And Iʼm going to wear
my mask to let them know so that they could feel safer.”

Sheʼs found support in online groups, like COVID Survivors for Change,
Faces of COVID victims, and COVID-19 Moral Support for Family and
Friends; these groups are filled with people who intimately understand
why walking into a crowded space might bring on a panic attack. “Iʼm
not asking everyone to feel the same way as me,” Albanese said.
“Actually, I donʼt want anybody to have to feel the same way as me. But
how I handle this should be respected.”

Follow Shayla Love on [99]Twitter.
Tagged:[100]PTSD[101]mental
health[102]anxiety[103]trauma[104]COVID-19[105]mask wearing

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90. https://calmatters.org/children-and-youth/2020/12/california-backtracks-playground-ban/
91. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/16/nyregion/nyc-beaches-coronavirus.html
92. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/10/schools-arent-superspreaders/616669/
93. https://calmatters.org/children-and-youth/2020/12/california-backtracks-playground-ban/

94. https://portal.311.nyc.gov/article/?kanumber=KA-02566#:~:text=New York City beaches have,, barbecues, and large gatherings.
95. https://boston.cbslocal.com/2021/05/05/brookline-outdoor-mask-mandate-hearing/
96. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/04/post-vaccination-inertia/618751/
97. https://www.vice.com/en/section/world
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