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After DRM fiasco, govt rethinks radio digitization strategy

[49]2021-02-122021-02-12 | [50]Sreejiraj Eluvangal
Europe went with DAB+ technology

Government of India seems to have had a change of heart as far as its
digitization strategy for radio is concerned.

The first phase of India’s radio digitization — which has the potential
to deliver CD-quality sound on radio receivers — was started around 11
years ago.

Under this strategy, Prasar Bharati has finished putting up 38 digital
radio towers across the country, which cover a large chunk of the
country.

Three out of the 38 transmit digital radio signals globally using the
short wave band, while the other 35 have been put up in the medium wave
band. A MW station can deliver its signals up to a distance of around
300-350 km, and two or three are usually enough to cover an entire
state.

However, despite All India Radio having one of the most advanced
digital radio networks in the world, practically no one in India
listens to over-the-air digital radio services, calling into question
the extensive investment that has been made in this sector.

The primary reason for the blunder has been that India chose the wrong
platform — Digital Radio Mondiale — a technology that is particularly
suited as a stand-in replacement for analog medium wave and short wave
transmissions.

However, India paid the price of being an early adopter, as most other
countries went with other technologies. European countries, for
example, went with DAB or Digital Audio Broadcast, while the US market
saw the proliferation of proprietary technologies.

Because of the fragmentation of the market, radio makers feared that
receivers manufactured for the DRM platform would not benefit from
economies of scale, and most radio manufacturers preferred to focus on
other technologies like DAB and its successor DAB+.

Even in India, where the DAB standard is not in use, digital radios
based on this technology are available, while there are practically no
DRM radio sets that cost less than Rs 3,000 in the market.

RETHINK

The failure of the digital radio project seems to have prompted the
central government to have a rethink on its strategy, going by comments
made by the information and broadcasting ministry today.

Responding to the question of when the remaining stations of All India
Radio are going to be digitized, I&B Minister Prakash Javadekar
indicated that the government is still evaluating the best technology
to adopt for future projects.

“Testing is currently underway to evaluate latest Digital Terrestrial
Radio Technologies/ Standards that are both backward compatible and
ubiquitously available as well as in line with emerging standards such
as 5G Direct to Mobile Broadcasting,” he said.

“[The] roadmap for further digitalization of terrestrial radio services
will be based on evaluation of these latest technologies and their
viability.”

Digital transmission, whether of radio or TV, results in high quality
delivery of signals with negligible deterioration in quality.

On the other hand, analog transmission, such as FM and AM, tends to be
highly prone to interference and their signals cannot be compared to
those of a CD or an MP3 player.

In the radio sector, even the private companies are using analog
transmission due to the lack of digital listening devices (radio
receivers) in the country, as well as lack of regulatory support for
digital transmission.

India has had much greater success in digitizing its TV services via a
massive campaign starting in the 2000s, and which lasted for around 10
years.

At present, nearly all cable and satellite TV services in India are
carried on in the digital mode.

However, even in television, Prasar Bharati has been the laggard, and
has not been able to keep pace with private companies when it comes to
digitization. Even at present, nearly all over-the-air terrestrial
transmission and consumption of television signals in India takes place
in the analog mode, despite efforts being started two decades ago to
convert OTA TV transmission to digital.

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