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  [58]Culture   [59]Psychology

How a Nuclear Submarine Officer Learned to Live in Tight Quarters

You get comfortable being uncomfortable.

  Steve Weiner By Steve Weiner April 9, 2020

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  I’m no stranger to forced isolation. For the better part of my 20s, I
  served as a nuclear submarine officer running secret missions…By Steve
  Weiner

  I’m no stranger to forced isolation. For the better part of my 20s, I
  served as a nuclear submarine officer running secret missions for the
  United States Navy. I deployed across the vast Pacific Ocean with a
  hundred other sailors on the USS Connecticut, a Seawolf-class ship
  engineered in the bygone Cold War era to be one of the fastest,
  quietest, and deepest-diving submersibles ever constructed. The
  advanced reactor was loaded with decades of enriched uranium fuel that
  made steam for propulsion and electrical power so we could disappear
  under the waves indefinitely without returning to port. My longest
  stint was for two months, when I traveled under the polar ice cap to
  the North Pole with a team of scientists studying the Arctic
  environment and testing high frequency sonar and acoustic
  communications for under-ice operations. During deployments,
  critical-life events occur without you: holidays with loved ones, the
  birth of a child, or in my case, the New York Giants 2011-2012 playoff
  run to beat Tom Brady’s Patriots in the Super Bowl for the second time.
  On the bright side, being cut off from the outside world was a great
  first job for an introvert.

  It’s been a month since COVID-19 involuntarily drafted me into another
  period of isolation far away from home. I’m in Turkey, where a two-week
  trip with my partner to meet her family has been extended indefinitely.
  There were no reported cases here and only a few in California in early
  March when we left San Francisco, where I run a business design studio.
  I had a lot of anticipation about Turkey because I’d never been here.
  Now I’m sheltering in a coastal town outside of Izmir with my partner,
  her parents, their seven cats, and a new puppy.

  Shuttered in a house on foreign soil where I don’t speak the language,
  I have found myself snapping back into submarine deployment mode. Each
  day I dutifully monitor online dashboards of data and report the status
  of the spread at the breakfast table to no one in particular. I stay in
  touch with friends and family all over the world who tell me they’re
  going stir crazy and their homes are getting claustrophobic. But if
  there is one thing my experience as a submarine officer taught me, it’s
  that you get comfortable being uncomfortable.
  OFFICER OF THE DECK: Author Steve Weiner in 2011, on the USS
  Connecticut, a nuclear submarine. Weiner was the ship’s navigator.
  Submarine and crew, with a team of scientists, were deployed in the
  Arctic Ocean, studying the Arctic environment and testing high
  frequency sonar and acoustic communications for under-ice
  operations.Courtesy of Steve Weiner

  My training began with psychological testing, although it may not be
  what you think. Evaluating mental readiness for underwater isolation
  isn’t conducted in a laboratory by clipboard-toting, spectacled
  scientists. The process to select officers was created by Admiral Hyman
  Rickover—the engineering visionary and noted madman who put the first
  nuclear reactor in a submarine—to assess both technical acumen and
  composure under stress. For three decades as the director of the Navy’s
  nuclear propulsion program, Rickover tediously interviewed every
  officer, and the recruiting folklore is a true HR nightmare: locking
  candidates in closets for hours, asking obtuse questions such as “Do
  something to make me mad,” and sawing down chair legs to literally keep
  one off balance.

  Rickover retired from the Navy as its longest-serving officer and his
  successors carried on the tradition of screening each officer
  candidate, but with a slightly more dignified approach. Rickover’s
  ghost, though, seemed to preside over my interview process when I
  applied to be a submariner as a junior at the U.S. Naval Academy in
  Annapolis, Maryland. I was warned by other midshipmen that I would fail
  on the spot if I initiated a handshake. So, dressed in my formal navy
  blue uniform and doing my best to avoid tripping into accidental human
  contact, I rigidly marched into the Admiral’s office, staring straight
  ahead while barking my resume. When I took a seat on the unaltered and
  perfectly level chair in front of his desk, the Admiral asked me
  bluntly why I took so many philosophy classes and if I thought I could
  handle the technical rigors of nuclear power school. My response was a
  rote quip from John Paul Jones’ “Qualifications of a Naval Officer.”
  “Admiral, an officer should be a gentleman of liberal education,
  refined manners, punctilious courtesy, and the nicest sense of personal
  honor.” My future boss looked at me, shook his head like he thought I’d
  be a handful, and told me I got the job.

    Confinement opened something up in my psyche and I gave myself
    permission to let go of my anxieties.

  Nuclear power training is an academic kick in the face every day for
  over a year. The curriculum is highly technical and the pedagogy
  resembles a cyborg assembly-line without even a hint of the Socratic
  method. Our grades were conspicuously posted on the classroom wall and
  a line was drawn between those who passed and those who failed. I was
  below the line enough to earn the distinguished dishonor of 25
  additional study hours each week, which meant I was at school at 5 a.m.
  and every weekend. This is how the Nuclear Navy builds the appropriate
  level of knowledge and right temperament to deal with shipboard reactor
  operations.

  I finally sat down for a formal psychological evaluation a few months
  before my first deployment. I was ushered into a room no bigger than a
  broom closet and instructed to click through a computer-based
  questionnaire with multiple-choice questions about my emotions. I never
  did  learn the results, so I assume my responses didn’t raise too many
  red flags.

  During my first year onboard, I spent all my waking hours either
  supervising reactor operations or learning the intricacies of every
  inch of the 350-foot tube and the science behind how it all worked. The
  electrolysis machine that split water molecules to generate oxygen was
  almost always out of commission, so instead we burned chlorate candles
  that produced breathable air. Seawater was distilled each day for
  drinking and shower water. Our satellite communications link had less
  bandwidth than my dial-up modem in the 1990s and we were permitted to
  send text-only emails to friends and family at certain times and in
  certain locations so as not to risk being detected. I took tests every
  month to demonstrate proficiency in nuclear engineering, navigation,
  and the battle capabilities of the ship. When I earned my submarine
  warfare qualification, the Captain pinned the gold dolphins insignia on
  my uniform and gave me the proverbial keys to the $4 billion warship.
  At that point, I was responsible for coordinating missions and
  navigating the ship as the Officer of the Deck.

  [68]Sapolsky_TH-F1
  [69]Also in Psychology

[70]How to Tell If You’re a Jerk

  By Eric Schwitzgebel

  Here’s something you probably didn’t do this morning: Look in the
  mirror and ask, am I a jerk? It seems like a reasonable question. There
  are, presumably, genuine jerks in the world. And many of those jerks,
  presumably, have a...[71]READ MORE

  Modern submarines are hydrodynamically shaped to have the most
  efficient laminar flow underwater, so that’s where we operated 99
  percent of the time. The rare exception to being submerged is when we’d
  go in and out of port. The most unfortunate times were long transits
  tossing about in heavy swells, which made for a particularly nauseated
  cruise. To this day, conjuring the memory of some such sails causes a
  reflux flashback. A submariner’s true comfort zone is beneath the waves
  so as soon as we broke ties with the pier we navigated toward water
  that was deep enough for us to dive.

  It’s unnatural to stuff humans, torpedoes, and a nuclear reactor into a
  steel boat that’s intentionally meant to sink. This engineering marvel
  ranks among the most complex, and before we’d proceed below and subject
  the ship and its inhabitants to extreme sea pressures, the officers
  would visually inspect thousands of valves to verify the proper lineup
  of systems that would propel us to the surface if we started flooding
  uncontrollably and sinking—a no-mistakes procedure called rigging for
  dive. Once we’d slip beneath the waves, the entire crew would walk
  around to check for leaks before we’d settle into a rotation of
  standing watch, practicing our casualty drills, engineering training,
  eating, showering (sometimes), and sleeping (rarely). The full cycle
  was 18 hours, which meant the timing of our circadian cycles were
  constantly changing. Regardless of the amount of government-issued
  Folger’s coffee I’d pour down my throat, I’d pass out upon immediate
  contact with my rack (the colloquialism for a submarine bunk in which
  your modicum of privacy was symbolized by a cloth curtain).

  As an officer, I lived luxuriously with only two other grown men in a
  stateroom no bigger than a walk-in closet. Most of the crew slept
  stacked like lumber in an 18-person bunk room and they all took turns
  in the rack. This alternative lifestyle is known as hot-racking,
  because of the sensation you get when you crawl into bedding that’s
  been recently occupied. The bunk rooms are sanctuaries where silence is
  observed with monastic intensity. Slamming the door or setting an alarm
  clock was a cardinal sin so wakeups were conducted by a junior sailor
  who gently coaxed you awake when it was time to stand watch. Lieutenant
  Weiner, it’s time to wake up. You’ve got the midnight watch, sir. Words
  that haunt my dreams.

    The electrolysis machine was out of commission, so we burned
    chlorate candles that produced breathable air.

  I maintained some semblance of sanity and physical fitness by sneaking
  a workout on a rowing erg in the engine room or a stationary bike
  squeezed between electronics cabinets. The rhythmic beating of
  footsteps on a treadmill was a noise offender—the sound could be
  detected on sonar from miles away—so we shut it off unless we were in
  friendly waters where we weren’t concerned with counter-detection.

  Like a heavily watered-down version of a Buddhist monk taking solitary
  retreat in a cave, my extended submarine confinements opened something
  up in my psyche and I gave myself permission to let go of my anxieties.
  Transiting underneath a vast ocean in a vessel with a few inches of
  steel preventing us from drowning helps put things into perspective.
  Now that I’m out of the Navy, I have more appreciation for the freedoms
  of personal choice, a fresh piece of fruit, and 24 hours in a day. My
  only regrets are not keeping a journal or having the wherewithal to
  discover the practice of meditation under the sea.

  Today, I’m learning Turkish so I can understand more about what’s
  happening around me. I’m doing Kundalini yoga (a moving meditation that
  focuses on breathwork) and running on the treadmill (since I’m no
  longer concerned about my footsteps being detected on sonar). On my
  submarine, I looked at photos to stay connected to the world I left
  behind, knowing that I’d return soon enough. Now our friend who is
  isolating in our apartment in San Francisco sends us pictures of our
  cat and gives us reports about how the neighborhood has changed.

  It’s hard to imagine that we’ll resume our lifestyles exactly as they
  were. But the submariner in me is optimistic that we have it in us to
  adapt to whatever conditions are waiting for us when it’s safe to
  ascend from the depths and return to the surface.

  Steve Weiner is the founder of[72] Very Scarce, a business design
  studio. He used to lead portfolio companies at Expa and drive nuclear
  submarines in the U.S. Navy. He has an MBA from The Wharton School and
  a BS from the U.S. Naval Academy. Instagram: @steve Twitter: @weenpeace

  Lead image: Mike H. / Shutterstock

Issue 084

Outbreak

[73]Explore This Issue

    * Chapter two
      Testing
         + [74]Bazell_THUMB Health    Can a Battery of New COVID Tests
           Stem the US Debacle?
         + [75]Gallagher_THUMB Health    Summer Won’t Save Us from
           COVID-19
         + [76]Keim_THUMB Environment    The Pandemic Can’t Lock Down
           Nature
         + [77]Weiner_THUMB-F Psychology    How a Nuclear Submarine
           Officer Learned to Live in Tight Quarters

  Join the Discussion

Next Issue:

  Energy_THUMB_temp Issue 085

Energy

  Coming May 2020

Related Articles:

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  [78]Moskvitch_THUMB Ideas

[79]Why These Researchers Are Drawn to the World’s Edge
      By Katia Moskvitch
    *
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[81]Ice Fishing for Neutrinos
      By Mark Bowen
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[83]The Harshest Return
      By Alexander Kumar

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How a Nuclear Submarine Officer Learned to Live in Tight Quarters
Psychology:You get comfortable being uncomfortable.

I’m no stranger to forced isolation.

http://nautil.us/issue/84/outbreak/how-a-nuclear-submarine-officer-learned-to-live-in-tight-quarters
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