#[1]alternate
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[2]Thor Benson
2.2.2020 1:00 PM
A solar panel seen against the night sky
No Sun, no problem
Anti-solar panel can generate electricity at night, researchers say
In order to develop solar panels that generate electricity at night,
you just need them to operate in the exact opposite way solar panels
work during the day.
Shutterstock
One of the problems with solar panels is that they don't generate
electricity at night, so we have to store the electricity they generate
during the day to power things during the evening. That works fine, but
what if we could develop solar panels that did generate electricity at
night? It's possible, and the way it works is pretty surprising.
Researchers from the University of California, Davis explain in a new
[3]paper that was just published in the journal ACS Photonics that if
you want to create a solar panel that generates electricity at night,
then you just have to create one that operates the exact opposite way
solar panels work during the day. It's being referred to as the
"anti-solar panel."
Solar panels are cold compared to the Sun, so they absorb the Sun's
light and turn it into energy. Space is very cold, so if you point a
panel on Earth that is comparatively warm toward it, it will radiate
heat as invisible infrared light. This allows you to generate
electricity by capturing that power. The paper claims such a device
could generate about a quarter of the electricity at night that a
normal solar panel generates during the day.
Jeremy Munday, a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering at UC Davis who is an author of the paper, tells Inverse
that whether it's a solar panel or this anti-solar panel, these things
are essentially just "heat engines."
"You have heat energy coming from the Sun towards the Earth and that
normal solar cell picks off that energy as it's transmitted from the
Sun to the Earth, so basically you need these two different temperature
bodies and some way of converting that power," Munday says. "What this
nighttime device does is a similar sort of thing—where it's just taking
a hot body and a cold body—but now the relatively hot body is the Earth
and space is the cold body. As this heat is flowing from the Earth to
outer space, it's picking that off and converting that into power."
This kind of device uses what is called a thermoradiative cell to
generate electricity, as opposed to the photovoltaic cell used by a
conventional solar panel. Where a solar panel is typically made of
silicon, which is good at capturing light that's largely in the visible
spectrum, this device has to be made of something that can capture
extremely long wavelength light. Munday is currently looking at mercury
alloys that would be good for this.
Munday and his team are currently working on developing prototypes to
see how well they can make this concept work.
See also: [4]A 200-year-old technology could help millions living off
the grid
Other researchers are also looking into how to make solar panels, or
"anti-solar panels," that generate electricity at night. Researchers at
Stanford published a [5]paper in the journal Jouele in November showing
how a [6]thermoelectric generator that radiates heat to the sky can
generate electricity.
"Unlike traditional thermoelectric generators, our device couples the
cold side of the thermoelectric module to a sky-facing surface that
radiates heat to the cold of space and has its warm side heated by the
surrounding air, enabling electricity generation at night," the paper
reads.
Our batteries have been slowly [7]getting better for years, and so have
[8]our solar panels, so we don't necessarily need solar panels that can
generate electricity at night to meet our energy needs. However, if we
can devise a system that can generate clean energy 24 hours a day, we
could possibly produce more energy than we need and store it for
various purposes, such as an emergency. It's better to have too much
energy than to come up short.
Abstract: Photovoltaics possess significant potential due to the
abundance of solar power incident on earth; however, they can only
generate electricity during daylight hours. In order to produce
electrical power after the sun has set, we consider an alternative
photovoltaic concept that uses the earth as a heat source and the
night sky as a heat sink, resulting in a “nighttime photovoltaic
cell” that employs thermoradiative photovoltaics and concepts from
the advancing field of radiative cooling. In this Perspective, we
discuss the principles of thermoradiative photovoltaics, the
theoretical limits of applying this concept to coupling with deep
space, the potential of advanced radiative cooling techniques to
enhance their performance, and a discussion of the practical limits,
scalability, and integrability of this nighttime photovoltaic
concept.
Related Tags
* [9]Solar Energy
* [10]Physics
* [11]Climate Crisis
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